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<mods:title id="5C80ED5E31DB54EAC2CDB500B5F529C3">Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B289E571F5C140913657242A24CD026">Ogawa, Akito</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C9B31732D725B2C53894C94C8AB8F7BB">Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050005, Japan. &amp; Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2 - 15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 2370061, Japan. &amp; Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050005, Japan. &amp; Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 - 3 - 1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="10E2ECC90CCDE3AB542CFA6225777D05">Kobayashi, Itaru</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6573FF712901310A589892027AC2EB61">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050005, Japan. &amp; Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 - 3 - 1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan. &amp; Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura, Kanawaga, 2380225, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3F5D264676FFDA45C96EB6A573DBDB36">Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="96BD86B76F34BA878B1401CA0596668A">Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1024 Koajiro, Misaki, Miura, Kanawaga, 2380225, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="22E97C8AD183B394EFB54B66F5398E01">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E716A6649F4340EE16D2AA8C72664F7F">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050005, Japan. &amp; Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 - 3 - 1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FF33FC54D09EFC65" bold="true" box="[151,761,979,1006]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FE39FC54D078FC66" ID-CoL="7PP9V" ID-ENA="396329" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" box="[413,543,979,1006]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FE39FC54D078FC66" bold="true" box="[413,543,979,1006]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Pannychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<tableCitation id="177C85CACA7EFFD9FD31FC54D088FC65" box="[661,751,979,1005]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,152,176]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of the species of genus Pannychia (emended from Ogawa et al. 2022)." pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="12E4E3FACA7EFFD9FF33FB95D7FBFA49" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="key">
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<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FB95D7FBFBAF" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" box="[151,1436,1041,1063]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FB95D7FBFBAF" box="[151,1436,1041,1063]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">1. Dorsal papillae arranged in up to four rows in each radius. Rod ossicles present in dorsal and/or ventral body walls........ 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FBA8D7FBFBCC" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" box="[151,1436,1071,1093]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FBA8D7FBFBCC" box="[151,1436,1071,1093]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">- Dorsal papillae arranged in two rows in each radius. Rod ossicles absent in dorsal and ventral body walls............... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="E10AA8D4CA7EFFD9FF33FBCBD7FBFB32" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FBCBD7FBFBF7" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FBCBD7FBFBF7" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
2. White or yellowish color of tentacles, tube feet and ventral body wall and high density of ossicles in dorsal body walls......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FB10FBEDD7FBFBF7" authority="Ludwig, 1894" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[1204,1436,1129,1151]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="henrici">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FB10FBEDD777FBF6" box="[1204,1296,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">P. henrici</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E6FCD80CA7EFFD9FAB2FBEED7FBFBF7" author="Ludwig, H." box="[1302,1436,1129,1151]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref12400" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) Reports on an exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands. in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. XII. The Holothuroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FB00D7FBFB32" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FB00D7FBFB32" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
- Whole body skin dark violet, maximum diameter of large wheel ossicles in dorsal body walls not exceeding 200 µm, and dorsal and ventral body ossicles are distributed in low density..................................
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FB22FB22D7FBFB32" authority="Ohshima, 1915" authorityName="Ohshima" authorityYear="1915" box="[1158,1436,1188,1210]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virgulifera">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FB22FB22D763FB31" box="[1158,1284,1188,1210]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">P. virgulifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E6FCD80CA7EFFD9FAAEFB23D7FBFB32" author="Ohshima, H." box="[1290,1436,1188,1210]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" pagination="212 - 291" refId="ref12906" refString="Ohshima, H. (1915) Report on the Holothurians Collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in the Northwestern Pacific during the Summer of 1906. Proceedings of the National Museum, 48, 212 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.48 - 2073.213" type="journal article" year="1915">Ohshima, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FB46D7FAFB5F" box="[151,1437,1217,1239]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
3. Small wheel ossicles in dorsal and ventral body walls with rim teeth...........................
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FB16FB45D72AFB5E" authority="Ogawa &amp; Kobayashi &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fujita, 2023" authorityName="Ogawa &amp; Kobayashi &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2023" box="[1202,1357,1217,1239]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rinkaimaruae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FB16FB45D72AFB5E" box="[1202,1357,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">P. rinkaimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73B9D118CA7EFFD9FAF6FB45D7FAFB5F" box="[1362,1437,1218,1239]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FB58D7FBFB7C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" box="[151,1436,1247,1269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FB58D7FBFB7C" box="[151,1436,1247,1269]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FF33FB58D2F8FB7C" box="[151,159,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">-</emphasis>
Small wheel ossicles in dorsal and ventral body walls without rim teeth........................................... 4
</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FB7BD7FAFAC4" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FB7BD7FAFAC4" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
4. Mid-sized wheel ossicles, having rounded triangular rim teeth but calcareous membrane incompletely covering the nave, present in dorsal and ventral body walls. In addition, perforated wheel ossicles, disk-shaped with about 30 perforations, present in dorsal body walls..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FB31FAB0D72BFAC4" authority="Ogawa &amp; Kobayashi &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fujita, 2023" authorityName="Ogawa &amp; Kobayashi &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2023" box="[1173,1356,1335,1356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nagasakimaruae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FB31FAB0D72BFAC4" box="[1173,1356,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">P. nagasakimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73B9D118CA7EFFD9FAF6FAB0D7FAFAC4" box="[1362,1437,1335,1356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FAD2D7FBFAE2" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FAD2D7FBFAE2" box="[151,1436,1364,1386]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FF33FAD2D2F8FAE2" box="[151,159,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">-</emphasis>
Neither mid-sized wheel nor perforated wheels present in dorsal and ventral body walls.............................. 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="E10AA8D4CA7EFFD9FF33FAF6D7FBFA49" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FAF6D7FBFA2C" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FAF6D7FBFA2C" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
5. Maximum diameter of large wheel ossicles in dorsal body walls exceeds 300 µm................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FC1FFA08D6FDFA2D" authority="O'Loughlin" authorityName="O'Loughlin" box="[955,1178,1423,1445]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="taylorae">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FC1FFA08D644FA2C" box="[955,1059,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">P. taylorae</emphasis>
OLoughlin
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="3E6FCD80CA7EFFD9FB1DFA08D7FBFA2C" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. &amp; Mackenzie, M. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D." box="[1209,1436,1423,1445]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" pagination="37 - 50" refId="ref12685" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. (2013) New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 70, 37 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2013.70.04" type="journal article" year="2013">
OLoughlin
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FA94FA08D706FA2C" box="[1328,1377,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A41B071CA7EFFD9FF33FA2BD7FBFA49" blockId="18.[151,1437,1041,1474]" box="[151,1436,1452,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<keyLead id="E10F1344CA7EFFD9FF33FA2BD7FBFA49" box="[151,1436,1452,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
- Maximum diameter of large wheel ossicles in dorsal body walls does not exceed 240 µm...........
<taxonomicName id="9DFECBF2CA7EFFD9FB1CFA2AD7FBFA49" authority="Theel, 1882" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1208,1436,1452,1474]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
<emphasis id="688A6C63CA7EFFD9FB1CFA2AD743FA49" box="[1208,1316,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">P. moseleyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3E6FCD80CA7EFFD9FA8EFA2BD7FBFA49" author="Theel, H." box="[1322,1436,1452,1474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref13660" refString="Theel, H. (1882) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by the H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 4 (3), 1 - 176." type="journal article" year="1882">Théel, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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