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<document id="D844B455E6A7A0732969AABF4CCD4BF7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3857.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23e68cbb-17b7-4dea-aad0-7360b8766cc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228181" ID-ZooBank="A26948F7-39C6-4858-B7FD-380E12F9BD34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460895922835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal, Amir, Shabir Ali &amp; Masroor, Rafaqat" docDate="2014" docId="03B5EA0A0F1CCB0FFF341D48FD11FD4C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03857p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3857 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Crenidens indicus Day 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FF8C92720F17CB03FFA31C27FFBAFF81" masterDocTitle="The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1698360089480" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="90578DBC687083D58F9A9807259640F3">The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D4F0DAC09975802AFA566ADF7AC7904">Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B5EA0A0F1CCB0FFF341D48FD11FD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6139409" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119587502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6139409" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5EA0A0F1CCB0FFF341D48FD11FD4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5EA0A0F1CCB0FFF341D48FD11FD4C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1CCB08FF341D48FDB1FE72" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF341D48FE4EFE0B" blockId="11.[151,869,367,499]" box="[151,500,367,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D0EBEC700F1CCB08FF341D48FE4EFE0B" bold="true" box="[151,500,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1CCB08FF341D48FE4EFE0B" ID-CoL="ZCHP" authority="Day, 1873" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,500,367,394]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FF341D48FE4EFE0B" bold="true" box="[151,500,367,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FF341D48FEC8FE08" bold="true" box="[151,370,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Crenidens indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1CCB08FEDA1D57FE4EFE0B" author="Day" box="[377,500,368,394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" refString="Day, F. (1873) The Sea fishes of India and Burma. In: Day, F. (Ed.), Report on the sea fish and fisheries of India and Burma. Office of Superintendant of Government Printing, Calcutta, pp. cliii - cccxxxii. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 26226" type="book" year="1873">Day, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF341DB4FD8CFE2A" blockId="11.[151,869,367,499]" box="[151,566,402,427]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Common name: Karanteen seabream</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF341D91FDB1FE72" blockId="11.[151,869,367,499]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
Local names: Kissi, Karo–dandya (Sindh); Nawar (Balochistan) (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1CCB08FF3D1DFDFEB3FE73" box="[158,265,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[329,1257,834,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[329,1257,834,1450]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Creindens indicus, MUFS 39671 (formerly CEMB- P 2012 – 00009), 221 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi. A typical C. Indicus body, having deep body with 6 ½ scale rows between dorsal-fin base and lateral line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228188/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Figures 7</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="132747990F1CCB08FE8E1DFDFEF3FE72" box="[301,329,474,499]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[362,1223,1064,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[351,1235,1056,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Details of dentition (A-Y) and gill rakers (Z &amp; Z 1) in species of family Sparidae from Pakistan; Acanthopagrus catenula, A) upper jaw &amp; B) lower jaw; A. berda, C) upper jaw &amp; D) lower jaw; A. arabicus, E) upper jaw &amp; F) lower jaw; A. sheim, G) upper jaw &amp; H) lower jaw; Sparidentex hasta, I) upper jaw &amp; J) lower jaw; Sparidentex jamalensis., K) upper jaw &amp; L) lower jaw; Crenidens indicus, M) upper jaw &amp; N) lower jaw; Diplodus capensis, O) upper jaw &amp; P) lower jaw; Q) upper and lower jaws of Diplodus omanensis; Rhabdosargus sarba, R) upper jaw &amp; S) lower jaw; Rhabdosargus haffara, T) upper jaw &amp; U) lower jaw; V) upper and lower jaws of Agryrops spinifer; W) upper and lower jaws of Cheimerius nufar; Pagellus affinis, X) upper jaw &amp; Y) lower jaw; Z) Argyrops spinifer, showing comparatively small gill rakers; and Z 1) Cheimerius nufar, showing elongated fan-like gill rakers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228196/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">15</figureCitation>
M &amp; N;
<tableCitation id="C69E6EA70F1CCB08FE131DFDFDBAFE72" box="[432,512,474,499]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="21.[151,239,811,834]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,893,1173]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="TABLE 1. Counts and morphometric data of sparid species occurring in the coastal waters of Pakistan; mean in parenthesis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF630B940F02CB16FF341F0CFEACFCE3" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" tableUuid="DF630B940F02CB16FF341F0CFEACFCE3">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1CCB08FF341E05FBEAFDB9" box="[151,1104,546,568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF341E05FBEAFDB9" blockId="11.[151,1104,546,568]" box="[151,1104,546,568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C7C320F1CCB08FF341E05FBEAFDB9" box="[151,1104,546,568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1CCB08FF341E05FE05FDB9" ID-CoL="ZCHP" authority="Day, 1873" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,447,546,568]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FF341E05FEF7FDB9" box="[151,333,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Crenidens indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1CCB08FEF71E04FE05FDB9" author="Day" box="[340,447,546,568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" refString="Day, F. (1873) The Sea fishes of India and Burma. In: Day, F. (Ed.), Report on the sea fish and fisheries of India and Burma. Office of Superintendant of Government Printing, Calcutta, pp. cliii - cccxxxii. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 26226" type="book" year="1873">Day, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: clxxxvi (Northern Indian Ocean);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD7D0D0F1CCB08FC811E04FBF6FDB9" author="Menon" box="[802,1100,546,568]" page="145" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1CCB08FC811E04FB9AFDB9" author="Menon" box="[802,1056,546,568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" refString="Menon, A. G. K &amp; Yazdani, G. M. (1968) Catalogue of type-specimens in the Zoological Survey of India. Part 2. -- Fishes. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 61 (1 - 2), 91 - 190." type="journal article" year="1968">Menon &amp; Yazdani, 1968</bibRefCitation>
:145
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1CCB08FF341E43FC02FC8F" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF341E43FC02FC8F" blockId="11.[151,1436,612,782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FF341E43FEABFDFC" bold="true" box="[151,273,612,637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The species
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1CCB08FE0B1E42FDCEFDFC" box="[424,628,613,637]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FE0B1E42FDCEFDFC" box="[424,628,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Crenidens indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from its congeners with the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays XI,11; anal-fin rays III,10; pectoral-fin rays 14; scale rows above lateral line 5½–6½, below 13½; pored lateral line scales 49–50; gill rakers 7 + 1 + 10 = 18; the ratio of 2
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1CCB08FBF31E89FBCEFD47" box="[1104,1140,686,710]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">AS</collectingCountry>
/3
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1CCB08FB291E89FB14FD47" box="[1162,1198,686,710]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">AS</collectingCountry>
1.1–1.3; incisor–like teeth with five points, three middle points large in size, but two outside points much smaller and often worn out (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1CCB08FF3D1ED2FEB6FC8F" box="[158,268,757,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[362,1223,1064,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[351,1235,1056,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Details of dentition (A-Y) and gill rakers (Z &amp; Z 1) in species of family Sparidae from Pakistan; Acanthopagrus catenula, A) upper jaw &amp; B) lower jaw; A. berda, C) upper jaw &amp; D) lower jaw; A. arabicus, E) upper jaw &amp; F) lower jaw; A. sheim, G) upper jaw &amp; H) lower jaw; Sparidentex hasta, I) upper jaw &amp; J) lower jaw; Sparidentex jamalensis., K) upper jaw &amp; L) lower jaw; Crenidens indicus, M) upper jaw &amp; N) lower jaw; Diplodus capensis, O) upper jaw &amp; P) lower jaw; Q) upper and lower jaws of Diplodus omanensis; Rhabdosargus sarba, R) upper jaw &amp; S) lower jaw; Rhabdosargus haffara, T) upper jaw &amp; U) lower jaw; V) upper and lower jaws of Agryrops spinifer; W) upper and lower jaws of Cheimerius nufar; Pagellus affinis, X) upper jaw &amp; Y) lower jaw; Z) Argyrops spinifer, showing comparatively small gill rakers; and Z 1) Cheimerius nufar, showing elongated fan-like gill rakers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228196/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Figure 15</figureCitation>
M &amp; N); a dark spot located dorsally in the pectoral-fin axil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF630B940F1CCB08FF341998FB87FA75" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228188/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[329,1257,834,1449]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF341998FB87FA75" blockId="11.[151,1436,1471,1524]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FF341998FEAEFA54" bold="true" box="[151,276,1471,1493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FEBF1998FE60FA54" box="[284,474,1471,1493]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1CCB08FEBF1998FE6FFA54" box="[284,469,1471,1493]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Creindens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">Creindens indicus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
MUFS 39671(formerly CEMB- P 2012–00009), 221 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi. A typical
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1CCB08FA2719E7FF58FA75" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ciliaris" subSpecies="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FA2719E7FF58FA75" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">C. Indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
body, having deep body with 6½ scale rows between dorsal-fin base and lateral line.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1CCB08FF641A3CFE45F847" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1CCB08FF641A3CFE45F847" blockId="11.[151,1436,1563,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FF641A3CFEE3F9B5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1563,1588]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Description.</emphasis>
Counts and proportional measurements of four specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1CCB08FB971A3BFAB9F9B5" box="[1076,1283,1564,1588]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1CCB08FB971A3BFAB9F9B5" box="[1076,1283,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Crenidens indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are given in Table-1. Body deep and compressed, its depth 43.6–47.5% of SL; head length is small 27.3–30.4% of SL rostro–occipital profile of head convex from snout tip to first dorsal-fin spine base but weakly concave just above the interorbital region (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1CCB08FE0B1AA0FDB4F921" box="[424,526,1671,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1471,1493]" captionTargetBox="[329,1257,834,1449]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[329,1257,834,1450]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Creindens indicus, MUFS 39671 (formerly CEMB- P 2012 – 00009), 221 mm SL, WWFH, Karachi. A typical C. Indicus body, having deep body with 6 ½ scale rows between dorsal-fin base and lateral line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228188/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Figure 7</figureCitation>
); orbit diameter subequal to interorbital width; mouth small to moderate and terminal; maxilla naked, posteriorly not reaching vertical at front edge of eye; two to three series of incisor-like teeth on both jaws followed by three to four rows of small molars inside of incisor-like teeth at posterior part of jaws (
<figureCitation id="132747990F1CCB08FF791AD4FEF0F88D" box="[218,330,1779,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[362,1223,1064,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[351,1235,1056,1766]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 15. Details of dentition (A-Y) and gill rakers (Z &amp; Z 1) in species of family Sparidae from Pakistan; Acanthopagrus catenula, A) upper jaw &amp; B) lower jaw; A. berda, C) upper jaw &amp; D) lower jaw; A. arabicus, E) upper jaw &amp; F) lower jaw; A. sheim, G) upper jaw &amp; H) lower jaw; Sparidentex hasta, I) upper jaw &amp; J) lower jaw; Sparidentex jamalensis., K) upper jaw &amp; L) lower jaw; Crenidens indicus, M) upper jaw &amp; N) lower jaw; Diplodus capensis, O) upper jaw &amp; P) lower jaw; Q) upper and lower jaws of Diplodus omanensis; Rhabdosargus sarba, R) upper jaw &amp; S) lower jaw; Rhabdosargus haffara, T) upper jaw &amp; U) lower jaw; V) upper and lower jaws of Agryrops spinifer; W) upper and lower jaws of Cheimerius nufar; Pagellus affinis, X) upper jaw &amp; Y) lower jaw; Z) Argyrops spinifer, showing comparatively small gill rakers; and Z 1) Cheimerius nufar, showing elongated fan-like gill rakers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228196/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Figure 15</figureCitation>
M &amp; N); gill rakers 18, 10–11 on lower arch, hind margin of preopercle generally rounded and feebly serrated; no scales on preopercle flange; predorsal length less than body depth, and clearly less than dorsalfin base length; dorsal-fin spines strong, first one is smaller (5.6–7.4% of SL), 3rd to 6th are subequal (15.2–18.7% of SL); first anal-fin spine short (6–8.3% of SL); 2nd and 3rd anal-fin spines are sub equal and 15.7–17.8% and 12.9–16.6% respectively of SL. caudal peduncle deep 12.2–12.9% of SL; caudal fin weakly forked, upper lobe is little longer than the lower lobe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1BCB0FFF641CBFFE0CFE9C" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1BCB0FFF641CBFFE0CFE9C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFF641CBFFE5FFF2E" box="[199,485,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Color of fresh specimens.</emphasis>
Head silvery but anterior portion with more grayish; body silvery with a dusky spot in scale centers, resulting in a striped effect; belly whitish; a blackish diffuse spot dorsally in pectoral-fin axil and extending above pectoral fin base; dorsal and caudal fin dusky distally. Anal-fin and pelvic-fin grayish; pectoral-fin hyaline and a little dusky.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1BCB0FFF641D00FEDBFEE4" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1BCB0FFF641D00FEDBFEE4" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFF641D00FEDAFEC1" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southern Arabian Peninsula (sometimes in Red Sea), through the Persian Gulf, to the coasts of
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFF341D6AFF7EFEE5" box="[151,196,333,356]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFF591D6BFEE7FEE4" box="[250,349,332,357]" name="Pakistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30608970F1BCB0FFF641D57FD11FD4C" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA35B1C0F1BCB0FFF641D57FD11FD4C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFF641D57FE81FE09" bold="true" box="[199,315,368,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFE671D57FD8DFE09" box="[452,567,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFE671D57FD8DFE09" box="[452,567,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been recognized with a single species and two subspecies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFABE1D48FE9FFE2D" author="Bauchot" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Bauchot, M. - L. &amp; Smith, M. M. (1983) Sparidae. In: Fisher, W. &amp; Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes - Western Indian Ocean. Fishing Area 51. Vol. 4. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 11. [&quot; SPARID Acanth 11 &quot; to SPARID Spond 12 &quot;]" type="journal article" year="1983">Bauchot &amp; Smith, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFE971DB3FE6DFE2C" author="Randall" box="[308,471,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Randall, J. E. (1995) Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 439 pp." type="book" year="1995">Randall, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFE461DB3FC8EFE2D" author="Manilo" box="[485,820,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Manilo, L. G. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. (2003) Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 43 (1), 75 - 149." type="journal article" year="2003">Manilo &amp; Bogorodsky, 2003</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFCEA1DB3FAD0FE2C" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[841,1386,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crenidens" subSpecies="crenidens">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFCEA1DB3FB1CFE2D" box="[841,1190,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens crenidens crenidens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFB141DB3FAD8FE2C" author="Forsskal" box="[1207,1378,404,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere oriental observavit. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae. Descr. Animalium Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere oriental observavit ... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, Copenhagen, 20 pp + xxxiv + 164 pp. (Pisces on pp. x - xix + 22 - 76)" type="book chapter" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFF341D9FFDEAFE51" authority="Day, 1873" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,592,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crenidens" subSpecies="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFF341D9FFE69FE51" box="[151,467,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens crenidens indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFE791D9FFDEAFE51" author="Day" box="[474,592,440,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Day, F. (1873) The Sea fishes of India and Burma. In: Day, F. (Ed.), Report on the sea fish and fisheries of India and Burma. Office of Superintendant of Government Printing, Calcutta, pp. cliii - cccxxxii. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 26226" type="book" year="1873">Day, 1873</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFDF91D9FFD60FE51" author="Day" box="[602,730,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Day, F. (1875) The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 1. William Dawson &amp; Sons, London, 168 pp, 40 pls." type="book" year="1875">Day (1875)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFCC11D9FFA9AFE51" authority="Gunther, 1874" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1874" box="[866,1312,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macracanthus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFCC11D9FFBC3FE51" box="[866,1145,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens macracanthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFB231D90FA9AFE51" author="Gunther" box="[1152,1312,439,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Gunther, A. (1874) Descriptions of new species of fishes in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 14, 368 - 371." type="journal article" year="1874">Günther, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFE811DFBFDB3FE75" box="[290,521,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="crenidens" subSpecies="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFE811DFBFE1CFE75" box="[290,422,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens c</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFE171DFBFDB3FE75" box="[436,521,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The recent study of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFD541DFBFBFCFE75" author="Iwatsuki" box="[759,1094,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Iwatsuki, Y. &amp; Maclaine, J. (2013) Validity of Crenidens macracanthus Gunther 1874 (Pisces: Sparidae) from Chennai (Madras), India, with taxonomic statuses of the congeners. Ichthyological Research, 60 (3), 241 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 013 - 0342 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">Iwatsuki and Maclaine (2013)</bibRefCitation>
revealed three valid species in this genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFEB71E27FE43FD99" box="[276,505,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenidens">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFEB71E27FE43FD99" box="[276,505,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens crenidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from the Red Sea, East Africa along the east coast of Africa to Aliwal Shoal and Algoa Bay in
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFE181E03FDF4FDBC" box="[443,590,548,573]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFDC31E03FC08FDBD" author="Heemstra" box="[608,946,548,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Heemstra, P. C. &amp; Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. The National Inquiry Service Centre (NISC) and The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa, 488 pp." type="book" year="2004">Heemstra &amp; Heemstra, 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFC6B1E03FB2FFDBD" box="[968,1173,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFC6B1E03FB2FFDBD" box="[968,1173,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Crenidens indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported to occur along the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFEC01E60FE27FDE1" box="[355,413,583,608]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">India</collectingCountry>
and Arabian Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFDC91E60FCC3FDE1" author="Bauchot" box="[618,889,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Bauchot, M. - L. &amp; Smith, M. M. (1983) Sparidae. In: Fisher, W. &amp; Bianchi, G. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes - Western Indian Ocean. Fishing Area 51. Vol. 4. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 11. [&quot; SPARID Acanth 11 &quot; to SPARID Spond 12 &quot;]" type="journal article" year="1983">Bauchot &amp; Smith, 1983</bibRefCitation>
). But according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D26ED0F1BCB0FFBEF1E60FA26FDE1" author="Iwatsuki" box="[1100,1436,583,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" refString="Iwatsuki, Y. &amp; Maclaine, J. (2013) Validity of Crenidens macracanthus Gunther 1874 (Pisces: Sparidae) from Chennai (Madras), India, with taxonomic statuses of the congeners. Ichthyological Research, 60 (3), 241 - 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 013 - 0342 - 2" type="journal article" year="2013">Iwatsuki and Maclaine (2013)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFF341E4BFEB3FD05" box="[151,265,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFF341E4BFF10FD02" box="[151,170,620,643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFF1B1E4BFEB3FD05" box="[184,265,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is either not distributed along the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFD491E4BFC99FD04" box="[746,803,620,645]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">India</collectingCountry>
or it might be an extremely rare occurrence in that area. Accordingly,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C209F0F1BCB0FFE971EB7FE11FD29" box="[308,427,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Crenidens" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B968870E0F1BCB0FFE971EB7FE11FD29" box="[308,427,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">C. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from southern Arabian Peninsula (sometimes in Red Sea), through the Persian Gulf, to the coasts of
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFE421E92FDB4FD4D" box="[481,526,693,716]" name="Iran" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30B1B8C0F1BCB0FFDE61E93FD12FD4C" box="[581,680,692,717]" name="Pakistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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