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<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FF54440D7ED7FCC6" ID-CoL="YTBN" ID-ENA="72676" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,677,793,819]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF54440D7ED7FCC6" bold="true" box="[151,677,793,819]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF54440D7DBCFCC6" bold="true" box="[151,462,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
(
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FF54444A7E11FC83" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[151,611,862,886]" page="562" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1816">
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FF54444A7E11FC83" ID-CoL="HRFT" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 561 - 562" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="561 - 562" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,611,862,886]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF54444A7D29FC80" box="[151,347,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Asterias tenuispina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FEA3444A7E11FC83" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[352,611,862,886]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref57035" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Meline, Bruxelles, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816: 561–562</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="57D011D6FF9BFFE2FF5444697E42FC04" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FF5444697DEDFC61" ID-CoL="YTBN" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,415,893,916]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF5444697DEDFC61" box="[151,415,893,916]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
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—
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FE7B44687F79FC60" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[440,779,892,917]" page="427" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE7B44687F79FC60" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[440,779,892,917]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey 1992: 427–428</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 63h, i, pl. 101, figs. A, B;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FB954468797BFC60" author="Alves S. L. S. &amp; Pereira, A. D. &amp; Ventura, C. R. R." box="[1110,1289,892,917]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref49753" refString="Alves S. L. S., Pereira, A. D. &amp; Ventura, C. R. R. (2002) Sexual and asexual reproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Marine Biology, 140, 95 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270100663" type="journal article" year="2002">
Alves
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FB5B446978B4FC61" box="[1176,1222,892,916]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FAD744687DEDFC46" author="Perez-Ruzafa, A. &amp; Entrambasaguas, L. &amp; Espejo, C. &amp; Marcos, C. &amp; Bacallado, J. J." page="280" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FAD744687DEDFC46" author="Perez-Ruzafa, A. &amp; Entrambasaguas, L. &amp; Espejo, C. &amp; Marcos, C. &amp; Bacallado, J. J." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="277 - 296" refId="ref60877" refString="Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. &amp; Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296." type="journal article" year="2002">
Pérez-Ruzafa
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF0444887C87FC46" box="[199,245,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2002: 280–281
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FE6A44887E34FC46" author="Netto, L. F." box="[425,582,923,947]" page="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE6A44887E34FC46" author="Netto, L. F." box="[425,582,923,947]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref59761" refString="Netto, L. F. (2006) Echinodermata do Canal de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao. Unpublished Master Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 201 pp." type="book" year="2006">Netto 2006: 34</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 16c, pl. 5b;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FD36448F7871FC46" author="Koukouras, A. &amp; Sinis, A. I. &amp; Bobori, D. &amp; Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S." box="[757,1027,923,947]" page="70" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FD36448F7871FC46" author="Koukouras, A. &amp; Sinis, A. I. &amp; Bobori, D. &amp; Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S." box="[757,1027,923,947]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="67 - 92" refId="ref56973" refString="Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S. (2007) The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighboring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67 - 92." type="journal article" year="2007">
Koukouras
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FCA844887FEBFC46" box="[875,921,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 70
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FBCD4488797AFC46" author="Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Verissimo, I. &amp; Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C." box="[1038,1288,923,947]" page="228" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FBCD4488797AFC46" author="Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Verissimo, I. &amp; Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C." box="[1038,1288,923,947]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="258" refId="ref63988" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C. (2007) Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Ventura
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FBA7448878E3FC46" box="[1124,1169,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 228
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FAD044887D4FFC27" author="Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Barcellos, C. F. &amp; Souza, I. V." page="172" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FAD044887D4FFC27" author="Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Barcellos, C. F. &amp; Souza, I. V." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="172 - 173" refId="ref64257" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Barcellos, C. F. &amp; Souza, I. V. (2008 c) Coscinasterias tenuispina Lamarck, 1816. In: Machado, A. B. M., Drummond, G. M. &amp; Paglia, A. P. (Eds.), Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameacada de Extincao. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente e Fundacao Biodiversitas, Brasilia, pp. 172 - 173." type="book chapter" year="2008">
Ventura
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FAAA448879E4FC46" box="[1385,1430,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2008c: 172
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FE8944AE7E13FC27" author="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C." box="[330,609,954,978]" page="321" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE8944AE7E13FC27" author="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C." box="[330,609,954,978]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="321 - 323" refId="ref59201" refString="Micael, J. &amp; Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. &amp; Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Micael &amp;
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FE7744AE7D9CFC27" box="[436,494,954,978]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Costa</collectingRegion>
2010: 321
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;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FDAD44AE7F16FC27" author="Micael, J. &amp; Alves, M. J. &amp; Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C." box="[622,868,954,978]" page="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FDAD44AE7F16FC27" author="Micael, J. &amp; Alves, M. J. &amp; Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C." box="[622,868,954,978]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref59322" refString="Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. &amp; Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5 (3), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534" type="journal article" year="2012">
Micael
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FD7F44AF7E99FC27" box="[700,747,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 2–4
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FCB244AE78FFFC27" author="Gondim, A. &amp; Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T." box="[881,1165,954,978]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CF32D10A0C91B42032E53439FED9337" page="43" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FCB244AE78FFFC27" author="Gondim, A. &amp; Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T." box="[881,1165,954,978]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
Gondim
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FC0F44AF7F89FC27" box="[972,1019,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2014: 43–44
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</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 9i–m;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FAC444AE79EBFC27" author="Fonseca, B. F." box="[1287,1433,954,978]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref55150" refString="Fonseca, B. F. (2015) Contribuicao da reproducao sexuada e assexuada e conectividade entre populacoes da estrela-do-mar Coscinasterias tenuispina (Lamarck, 1816) na costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Unpublished Master Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 64 pp." type="book" year="2015">Fonseca 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="F66110E9FF9BFFE2FF0444CC7DAFFC05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583212" author="Madeira, P. &amp; Kroh, A. &amp; Cordeiro, R. &amp; Frias, D. E. &amp; Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P." box="[199,477,984,1009]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4148D212046FFF92FF33FD3074A01254" page="64" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FF0444CC7DAFFC05" author="Madeira, P. &amp; Kroh, A. &amp; Cordeiro, R. &amp; Frias, D. E. &amp; Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P." box="[199,477,984,1009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref57831" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Frias, D. E., Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P. (2019) The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa, 4639 (1), 1 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4639.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Madeira
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FEE144CD7D3DFC05" box="[290,335,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2019: 64–66
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 12.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9BFFE2FF54430A7F10FA1C" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF54430A78EAFB3C" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF54430A7D43FBCD" bold="true" box="[151,305,1054,1080]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</emphasis>
France, Italy, Croatia, Spain, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Turkey, Greece, Malta, Canary Islands, Bermuda, Cape Hatteras, Cape Verde, North Carolina, Cuba, Gulf of Mexico, Guyana, Ascension Island, Saint Helena (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FF5C43737DD1FB74" author="Koukouras, A. &amp; Sinis, A. I. &amp; Bobori, D. &amp; Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S." box="[159,419,1127,1153]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="67 - 92" refId="ref56973" refString="Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S. (2007) The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighboring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67 - 92." type="journal article" year="2007">
Koukouras
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FEE643737D2AFB74" box="[293,344,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE7243737EE4FB74" author="Madeira, P. &amp; Kroh, A. &amp; Cordeiro, R. &amp; Frias, D. E. &amp; Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P." box="[433,662,1127,1153]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref57831" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Frias, D. E., Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P. (2019) The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa, 4639 (1), 1 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4639.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Madeira
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FDD443737E39FB74" box="[535,587,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FD6043737F5CFB74" author="GBIF Secretariat" box="[675,814,1127,1153]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref55479" refString="GBIF Secretariat (2020) Coscinasterias tenuispina (Lamarck, 1816) in GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Available from: https: // www. gbif. org / species / 2273832 (accessed 1 October 2020)." type="url" year="2020">GBIF, 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9BFFE2FC8043737FDFFB74" box="[835,941,1127,1153]" name="Brazil" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FC7A43737F8FFB74" box="[953,1021,1127,1153]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FBC9437378DDFB74" box="[1034,1199,1127,1153]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FB7F43737917FB74" box="[1212,1381,1127,1153]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FAB143737CA8FB50" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, Santa Catarina (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE5B439F7E49FB50" author="Rathbun, R." box="[408,571,1163,1189]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref61517" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5 (3), 139 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16126" type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FD85439F7EA2FB50" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[582,720,1162,1189]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref64807" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1915) Report on the Starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, Including Those Obtained by the Bahama Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin of the State of University of Iowa, 7, 1 - 232, 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12035" type="journal article" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FD1F439F7F2AFB50" author="Brito, I. M." box="[732,856,1163,1189]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref51179" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de catailogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zooloigicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FCA0439F787FFB50" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[867,1037,1163,1189]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref63359" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1970) Lista dos asteroides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 18, 1 - 61, 38 pls." type="journal article" year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
; Clark &amp; &amp; Downey 1992;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FA86439F7D63FB3C" author="Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Verissimo, I. &amp; Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="258" refId="ref63988" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C. (2007) Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Ventura
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF5443BB7CBAFB3C" box="[151,200,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FEDE43BB7D89FB3C" author="Gondim, A. &amp; Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T." box="[285,507,1199,1225]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
Gondim
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FE4343BB7DC3FB3C" box="[384,433,1199,1225]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FDC643BB7ED7FB3C" author="Fonseca, B. F." box="[517,677,1198,1225]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref55150" refString="Fonseca, B. F. (2015) Contribuicao da reproducao sexuada e assexuada e conectividade entre populacoes da estrela-do-mar Coscinasterias tenuispina (Lamarck, 1816) na costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Unpublished Master Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 64 pp." type="book" year="2015">Fonseca 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FD7B43BB7F7AFB3C" bold="true" box="[696,776,1199,1225]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Depth.</emphasis>
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9BFFE2FCCC43BA7F00FB3C" box="[783,882,1198,1225]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="16.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="82.5" valueMax="165.0" valueMin="0.0">0–165 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FC4343BB78F9FB3C" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[896,1163,1199,1225]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey, 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF0443C67FF7FA54" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF0443C67DFFFB18" bold="true" box="[199,397,1234,1261]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Biological notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FE5443C77ECEFB19" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[407,700,1235,1261]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FE5443C77ECEFB19" box="[407,700,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits rocks, biogenic detritus, sandy and silty sand bottoms, and meadows of seagrass (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FE0B43E37EB9FAE4" author="Koukouras, A. &amp; Sinis, A. I. &amp; Bobori, D. &amp; Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S." box="[456,715,1271,1297]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="67 - 92" refId="ref56973" refString="Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. &amp; Kitsos, M. S. (2007) The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighboring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67 - 92." type="journal article" year="2007">
Koukouras
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FD8E43E37EF2FAE4" box="[589,640,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), and typically feeds on mussels and other epifaunal organisms (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FF5D420F7D0DFAC0" author="Ventura, C. R. R. &amp; Verissimo, I. &amp; Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C." box="[158,383,1307,1333]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="258" refId="ref63988" refString="Ventura, C. R. R., Verissimo, I., Nobre, C. C. &amp; Zama, P. C. (2007) Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, H. P. &amp; Viana, M. S. (Eds.), Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da Zona Economica Exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 25. Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 258." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Ventura
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FEC3420F7D40FAC0" box="[256,306,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Adults and juveniles are believed to inhabit different depths (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FB8A420F788FFAC0" author="Tortonese, E." box="[1097,1277,1306,1333]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref63665" refString="Tortonese, E. (1965) Echinodermata. Fauna d'Italia. Calderini, Bologna, 419 pp." type="book" year="1965">Tortonese 1965</bibRefCitation>
). This species can reproduce asexually by fission (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FDE0422B7E97FAAC" author="Alves S. L. S. &amp; Pereira, A. D. &amp; Ventura, C. R. R." box="[547,741,1343,1369]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref49753" refString="Alves S. L. S., Pereira, A. D. &amp; Ventura, C. R. R. (2002) Sexual and asexual reproduction of Coscinasterias tenuispina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Marine Biology, 140, 95 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270100663" type="journal article" year="2002">
Alves
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FDAF422B7EEEFAAC" box="[620,668,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FCE6422B7FA3FAAC" author="Fonseca, B. F." box="[805,977,1342,1369]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref55150" refString="Fonseca, B. F. (2015) Contribuicao da reproducao sexuada e assexuada e conectividade entre populacoes da estrela-do-mar Coscinasterias tenuispina (Lamarck, 1816) na costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Unpublished Master Thesis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 64 pp." type="book" year="2015">Fonseca (2015)</bibRefCitation>
has shown that the contribution of sexual reproduction to maintain four populations in
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FD5742777F4AFA88" box="[660,824,1379,1405]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
is very low compared to that of asexual reproduction, contrary to the findings by Pazotto (2010) in the same populations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF0442BF7F10FA1C" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
This species is classified as “Vulnerable” (baseline data indicates that the population size has been reduced by at least 30%) by the Ministry of the Environment (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FD0F42DB7F25FA1C" author="MMA &amp; Ministerio do Meio Ambiente" box="[716,855,1487,1513]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref59554" refString="MMA (Ministerio do Meio Ambiente) (2018) Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameacada de Extincao: Invertebrados. IC- MBio / MMA, Brasilia, 727 pp." type="book" year="2018">MMA 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9BFFE2FF0442E77901F9A0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF0442E77F86F9C4" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF0442E77D49F9F8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1523,1549]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="A87B885AFF9BFFE2FF0442E77D44F9F8" box="[199,310,1523,1549]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
The type specimen, most likely deposited at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, is currently lost (Marc Eléaume and Christopher Mah, pers. comm. on 30 Sep 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF04412F7901F9A0" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" box="[199,1395,1594,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF04412F7D14F9A1" bold="true" box="[199,358,1594,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type locality.</emphasis>
European Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FDF6412F7E91F9A0" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[565,739,1595,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref57035" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Meline, Bruxelles, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FD2C412F7F8AF9A0" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[751,1016,1595,1621]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey, 1992</bibRefCitation>
), possibly the Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FDA6573FF9BFFE3FF04414B7F00FCA8" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE2FF04414B7E11F8A4" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF04414B7D49F98C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1631,1657]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9BFFE2FE7B414B7E22F98D" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[440,592,1631,1657]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FE7B414B7E22F98D" box="[440,592,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded for
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FCA3414B7FD6F98C" box="[864,932,1631,1657]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, few specimens have been collected and as
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FF5441977DF8F968" author="Gondim, A. &amp; Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T." box="[151,394,1667,1693]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref55654" refString="Gondim, A., Christoffersen, M. &amp; Dias, T. (2014) Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). ZooKeys, 449, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 449.6813" type="journal article" year="2014">
Gondim
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9BFFE2FF3841977D5CF968" box="[251,302,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, we could not examine any. We did not have access to the specimens at the EQMN and the single-armed specimen recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FDEF41B37EACF934" author="Rathbun, R." box="[556,734,1703,1729]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="139 - 158" refId="ref61517" refString="Rathbun, R. (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5 (3), 139 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 16126" type="journal article" year="1879">Rathbun (1879)</bibRefCitation>
, deposited at the YPM (YPM IZ 1582.EC), is apparently missing. The last reference that we have for this specimen is that it was examined by Addison Emery Verrill, together with three other specimens from the North Atlantic (YPM IZ 1453.EC and YPM IZ 1584.EC); the label from YPM 1582.EC was found in a jar with a single specimen tagged with the label YPM IZ 1453.EC (Daniel Drew and Eric Lazo-Wasem, pers. comm. on 15 Jul 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9BFFE3FF04404F7894FEB4" blockId="54.[151,1437,1054,2018]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9BFFE2FF04404F7D0BF880" author="Downey, M. E." box="[199,377,1883,1909]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref54261" refString="Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126" type="journal article" year="1973">Downey (1973)</bibRefCitation>
considered the specimen (R
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9BFFE2FD06404F7F64F880" box="[709,790,1883,1909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
) she examined from
<collectingRegion id="B504F81AFF9BFFE2FBCA404F7828F880" box="[1033,1114,1883,1909]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Florida</collectingRegion>
as a juvenile based on morphological differences from larger specimens, for example, the presence of only a few dorsolateral plates (vs. one or two regular rows of dorsolateral plates, armed like the carinal plates), absence of interactinal plates (vs. one row of interactinal plates), small pedicellariae rarely found within the furrow (vs. pedicellariae frequently large and abun- dant on all surfaces).
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9AFFE3FE4547837E06FF44" author="Madeira, P. &amp; Kroh, A. &amp; Cordeiro, R. &amp; Frias, D. E. &amp; Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P." box="[390,628,151,177]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref57831" refString="Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Frias, D. E., Martins, A. M. &amp; Avila, S. P. (2019) The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa, 4639 (1), 1 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4639.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Madeira
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FE2947837E69FF44" box="[490,539,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
also noted differences between juveniles and adults when they analyzed specimens (R
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9AFFE3FEF947AF7DC7FF20" box="[314,437,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="56.5" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="3.0">3–110 mm</quantity>
) from the Azores, however, they considered juvenile’s specimens with R &lt;
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9AFFE3FADD47AF7916FF20" box="[1310,1380,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
. The differences they noted were that the juveniles have only one dorsal (carinate) series (vs. three regular longitudinal series of primary plates), adambulacral plates generally bearing one long and flattened spine with no attached pedicellaria (vs. a second spine occasionally present, but restricted to the proximal region of the arms).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9AFFE3FF04465F7ED7FE03" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FF04465F7D98FE91" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[199,490,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FF04465F7D98FE91" box="[199,490,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FDBE465F7F61FE91" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[637,787,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FDBE465F7F61FE91" box="[637,787,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. acutispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the adambulacral spines frequently arranged in one row on the inner half of the arm (vs. two rows), from
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FCE0467B7FDBFE7D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[803,937,367,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FCE0467B7FDBFE7D" box="[803,937,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. muricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 6–9 arms (vs. 9–11), and from
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FA40467B7D78FE58" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaria">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FA40467B7D78FE58" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. calamaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having crossed pedicellariae with a well-developed terminal tooth and straight pedicellaria with short stubs at the tips (vs. crossed pedicellariae with little or no development of an enlarged tooth, and straight pedicellariae with little or no modification at the tips).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="777F36F8FF9AFFE3FF0446EB7F00FCA8" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9AFFE3FF0446EB7DA5FDEC" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[199,471,511,537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the taxonomic status of the
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FC0146EB7824FDED" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[962,1110,511,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FC0146EB7824FDED" box="[962,1110,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from
<collectingCountry id="0FD77668FF9AFFE3FAD746EB792AFDEC" box="[1300,1368,511,537]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
is uncertain because of morphological differences in relation to specimens from other regions. For example, they noticed that the Brazilian (Cabo Frio, RJ) specimen that they examined has poorly developed straight pedicellariae, never large, and crossed pedicellariae with little or no sign of an enlarged tooth.
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9AFFE3FC18457F789DFD70" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[987,1263,619,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref52515" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5860 / choice. 30 - 2659" type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
then suggested that
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FF0A459B7D2FFD5C" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[201,349,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaria">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FF0A459B7D2FFD5C" box="[201,349,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. calamaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FD42459B7F65FD5D" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[641,791,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FD42459B7F65FD5D" box="[641,791,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the morphological similarities observed among Brazilian and South African specimens. However, the Brazilian specimen that they examined had R
<quantity id="B0389B1DFF9AFFE3FB3F45A7793DFD38" box="[1276,1359,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
. Using molecular data,
<bibRefCitation id="13514B09FF9AFFE3FE8945C37E49FD04" author="Waters J. M. &amp; Roy, M. S." box="[330,571,727,753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="185 - 191" refId="ref65132" refString="Waters J. M. &amp; Roy, M. S. (2003) Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias. Marine Biology, 142, 185 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 002 - 0915 - 5" type="journal article" year="2003">Waters &amp; Roy (2003)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed the separation between Brazilian populations (n=3) and North Atlantic and Mediterranean populations, but they also found that
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FC9245EF7F96FCE0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[849,996,763,789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaria">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FC9245EF7F96FCE0" box="[849,996,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. calamaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FAC445EF79EFFCE1" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1287,1437,763,789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="acutispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FAC445EF79EFFCE1" box="[1287,1437,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. acutispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FF2F440B7DF0FCCD" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[236,386,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FF2F440B7DF0FCCD" box="[236,386,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An integrated taxonomic revision of juvenile and adult specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B0C04D7BFF9AFFE3FB5B440B795CFCCD" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[1176,1326,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
<emphasis id="45B4EAEAFF9AFFE3FB5B440B795CFCCD" box="[1176,1326,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. tenuispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
along the Brazilian coast is needed to properly characterize its populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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