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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b79c44d3-9d29-459a-b572-577ef0d9b12e" ID-PMC="PMC9005472" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1092-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B513ED2E446953C580D04BBC221DBA6C" ID-PubMed="35586294" ID-ZooBank="C5EABBE8DEBF46438321C4334AE18987" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1092-1" checkinTime="1649136090740" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wang, Yingying, Li, Wenliang &amp; Li, Weihai" docDate="2022" docId="ED5F6033564450B284E8FE9113683BDB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1092: 1-18" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1092" docPubDate="2022-04-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069" docTitle="Neoperla gaoligongshana Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="69D93D93-861F-4F64-98BC-0F01F862F255" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="B513ED2E446953C580D04BBC221DBA6C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="B513ED2E446953C580D04BBC221DBA6C" masterDocTitle="Two new species and records of Neoperla (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from Yunnan, China" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668151597599" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species and records of Neoperla (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from Yunnan, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Yingying</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Wenliang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9019-1223</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wenliangli@haust.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Weihai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lwh7969@163.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-04-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1092</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>18</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1092-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5EABBE8DEBF46438321C4334AE18987</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B513ED2E446953C580D04BBC221DBA6C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194444404" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:69D93D93-861F-4F64-98BC-0F01F862F255" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED5F6033564450B284E8FE9113683BDB" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/69D93D93-861F-4F64-98BC-0F01F862F255" authority="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li, 2022" authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana" status="sp. nov.">Neoperla gaoligongshana</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view B aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view C aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-07-06" collectingDateMax="2016-07-08" collectingDateMin="2016-07-06" collectingMethod="light trap" collectorName="J. Hajek, J. Ruzicka." country="China" county="Baoshan City" elevation="1535" latitude="25.295" location="Baihualing Village" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="98.80167" municipality="Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: male (NMP),
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty>Baoshan City</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED5F6033564450B284E8FE9113683BDB:EC174C5D4D3512BF1372B71478D3690B" country="China" county="Baoshan City" latitude="25.295" longLatPrecision="124" longitude="98.80167" municipality="Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve" name="Baihualing Village" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Baihualing Village</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2016-07-06" valueMax="2016-07-08" valueMin="2016-07-06">6-8.VII.2016</collectingDate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="17.7" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="25.295">25°17.7'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="48.1" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="98.80167">98°48.1'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" unit="m" value="1535.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.535" unit="m" value="1535.0">1535 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod>light trap</collectingMethod>
, leg.
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hájek">Hajek</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>
J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Růžička">Ruzicka</normalizedToken>
.
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Males of this species are characterized by having the tergum 7 with a triangular process with sparse spines apically. The aedeagal tube is straight, and aedeagal sac is armed with spines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Adult habitus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). Body color brown. Head mostly yellowish brown, with a black marking covering ocellar triangle, the marking extended forward to pale M-line and getting brown, and a narrow triangular marking occurring forward of M-line. Head approximately as wide as the pronotum; compound eyes black; antenna and palpi yellow. Distance between ocelli slightly wider than the diameter of an ocellus. Pronotum disc brown, midline darker, margins pale (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, C</figureCitation>
). Wings subhyaline, veins brown; legs pale to yellowish brown, femorotibial joint dark brown. Abdomen brownish, cerci brownish (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neoperla gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (male)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
head and pronotum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
adult habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
terminalia, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view B aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view C aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
). Forewing length ca 10.9 mm, hindwing length ca 9.7 mm. Tergum 6 unmodified. Process of tergum 7 triangular, apex rounded and margined by sparse spines (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, D</figureCitation>
). Tergum 8 with a median sensilla basiconica patch on a trapezoidal sclerite. Tergum 9 with two lateral patches of several sensilla basiconica and long hairs. Hemitergal processes slender, straight in lateral aspect, apex obtuse (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view B aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view C aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
). Aedeagal tube weakly sclerotized ventrally and dorsally sclerotized strongly, apex with two ventral spinous lobes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view B aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view C aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Sac nearly straight, ca 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as the tube. Spinose apex of sac slender, slightly ventrally curved, with an apical dorsolateral patch of black spines and a subapical ventral patch of spines (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view B aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view C aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A, C</figureCitation>
); two wide rows of numerous smaller spines covering most of the dorsal surface of the sac, basal half of spinous rows interrupted medially (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view B aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view C aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667989" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neoperla gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (male)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
aedeagus with everted sac, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
aedeagus with everted sac, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
aedeagus with everted sac, dorsolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific name refers to the Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, where the type locality is situated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">China (Yunnan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve is located in northwestern Yunnan Province and is the largest nature reserve of the province. At the same locality, accompanying stoneflies were
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang &amp; Li &amp; Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla hajeki" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hajeki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neoperla hajeki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stark &amp; Sivec" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Tyloperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tyloperla illiesi" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illiesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tyloperla illiesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stark &amp; Sivec, 2005.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The new species is a member of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. montivaga" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montivaga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. montivaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The aedeagal tube and terga 7-10 of the new species are similar to those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chen &amp; Y. Du" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Perlidae" genus="Neoperla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoperla wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neoperla wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chen &amp; Du, 2016, but
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the new species primarily by the shape of the aedeagal sac and aedeagal armatures (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neoperla wuzhishana Chen &amp; Du, 2016 (A, C-E male B female), all from Yinggeling, Hainan Province A head and pronotum, dorsal view B head and pronotum, dorsal view C Aedeagus, lateral view D Large spines of aedeagal sac, ventral view E legs, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-C, E); 0.1 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667995" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the aedeagal sac is distinctly curved and expanded apically (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neoperla wuzhishana Chen &amp; Du, 2016 (A, C-E male B female), all from Yinggeling, Hainan Province A head and pronotum, dorsal view B head and pronotum, dorsal view C Aedeagus, lateral view D Large spines of aedeagal sac, ventral view E legs, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-C, E); 0.1 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667995" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
, present study) (which is obscure in the original drawing because of an apical damage in the type) and has at least four large dorsal spines subapically (see figs 7, 8 in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.6" author="Chen, ZT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="243 - 252" refId="B3" refString="Chen, ZT, Du, YZ, 2016b. Contribution to the knowledge of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Hainan Province of China. Zootaxa 4144 (2): 243 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.6" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Hainan Province of China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.6" volume="4144" year="2016 b">Chen, Du 2016b</bibRefCitation>
); however, the aedeagal sac of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nearly straight and the apex is constricted and has only small spines subapically on its dorsal side. In addition, the aedeagal sac of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a dozen moderately long spines at mid-length which are absent in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Besides, the color pattern including that of the head and legs of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has brown legs and the head is pale with a small dark spot between the posterior ocelli, while in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the legs are pale to yellowish brown, the femorotibial joint is dark brown, and the head has a large, black marking covering the ocellar triangle, with this marking extending anterolaterally under the pale M-line (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Neoperla gaoligongshana sp. nov. (male) A head and pronotum, dorsal view B adult habitus, dorsal view C terminalia, dorsal view D terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We examined specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Yinggeling, Hainan Province, and found slight intraspecific variations of head pattern and armatures of the aedeagal sac: the dark area between ocelli in males was slightly smaller than in females, which in both sexes are quite small (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neoperla wuzhishana Chen &amp; Du, 2016 (A, C-E male B female), all from Yinggeling, Hainan Province A head and pronotum, dorsal view B head and pronotum, dorsal view C Aedeagus, lateral view D Large spines of aedeagal sac, ventral view E legs, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-C, E); 0.1 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667995" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A, B</figureCitation>
); four large spines in types (both in the original illustrations and descriptions) (see figs 7, 8 in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.6" author="Chen, ZT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="243 - 252" refId="B3" refString="Chen, ZT, Du, YZ, 2016b. Contribution to the knowledge of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Hainan Province of China. Zootaxa 4144 (2): 243 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.6" title="Contribution to the knowledge of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Hainan Province of China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.6" volume="4144" year="2016 b">Chen, Du 2016b</bibRefCitation>
), which can number seven to nine in our specimens (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Neoperla wuzhishana Chen &amp; Du, 2016 (A, C-E male B female), all from Yinggeling, Hainan Province A head and pronotum, dorsal view B head and pronotum, dorsal view C Aedeagus, lateral view D Large spines of aedeagal sac, ventral view E legs, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-C, E); 0.1 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1092.78069.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/667995" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C, D</figureCitation>
). Therefore, the absence of large aedeagal spines in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. gaoligongshana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaoligongshana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. gaoligongshana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is regarded as a distinguishing character, separating it from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="N. wuzhishana" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>