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<mods:title id="3F790CE6FB6121FF51548A5CB260DB52">Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53225533065A123DA7539764119A480E">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9DAF3E0D7FC8C466021C5D7D2B31031B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9DAF3E0D7FC8C466021C5D7D2B31031B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DAF3E0D7FC8C466021C5D7D2B31031B" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
<subSubSection id="C267F8D42E1FA5F6C24744EB64C1EEB4" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9DF65BDCEB422F6C87CC5754C401878D" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="B2243903717AF0605E75D42ED95B8BA1" ID-CoL="7XSZM" authority="d'Olsoufieff, 1924" authorityName="d'Olsoufieff" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silenus" subGenus="Oxysternon" subSpecies="smaragdinum">
Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus smaragdinum
<normalizedToken id="8D25CDA5F6C677E4FF14C2A1242D2B4E" originalValue="dOlsoufieff">d'Olsoufieff</normalizedToken>
, 1924
</taxonomicName>
Plate 45C
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="39E674D073DE444F416F826982CA55B0" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="928FA6D4C756B5E27B40B13D75CCBDC8" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="4C47523AB9030F92698AC1658E0F4148" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon smaragdinum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinum">
<pageBreakToken id="B4E29A7D74473FAB6128239E03D204A0" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" start="start">Oxysternon</pageBreakToken>
smaragdinum
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="8E0EEA3F5A1726478BF2CA6B67EEC09B" originalValue="dOlsoufieff">d'Olsoufieff</normalizedToken>
, 1924: 117 (original description. Type locality: Loja, Amazones [= Amazonas]: Pebas).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69AB1B93A1B7726CBFCB2491D895A370" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="09EAC7834C89B3FC3169906D8E39FFFB" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon smaragdinum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinum">Oxysternon smaragdinum</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="8F897FF94FBEB57C382030D04DAEDC72" author="Balthasar, V" journalOrPublisher="Beitrag Fauna Perus, Jena" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="337 - 358" title="Scarabaeidae laparostictae." volume="1" year="1941">Balthasar 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 351 (cited for Peru);
<bibRefCitation id="4806521D3AEC9435FAF38112DEE538D5" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum Bulletin" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="189 - 341" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2." volume="185" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 210 (list of species from Latin America);
<bibRefCitation id="EBBE420DBB15949C03D5581BF1808AC8" author="Balthasar, V" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Fauna Perus, Jena" pageId="262" pageNumber="263" pagination="322 - 344" title="Scarabaeidae laparostictae." volume="2" year="1951">Balthasar 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 337 (cited for Peru);
<bibRefCitation id="CF5A9AF2B86C5E6F4C6D948D019D0750" author="Vulcano, MA" journalOrPublisher="Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica" pageId="279" pageNumber="280" pagination="533 - 603" title="Sinopse dos Passalidae e Scarabaeidae s. str. da regiao amazonica (Insecta, Coleoptera)." volume="5" year="1967">Vulcano and Pereira 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 569 (characters in key);
<bibRefCitation id="C5956AD2C889B598A84DFCEEB03EFCF0" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="113 - 118" title="Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum national d'Historie naturelle de Paris." volume="4" year="1982 a">Arnaud 1982a</bibRefCitation>
: 117 (catalog of the types of the MNHN);
<bibRefCitation id="921FA75636F21E56FFDDD488CA7B8F8C" author="Vaz-de-Mello, FZ" editor="Martin-Piera, F" journalOrPublisher="Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="183 - 195" title="Estado atual de conhecimentos dos Scarabaeidae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) do Brasil." volume="1" volumeTitle="Hacia un proyecto CYTED para el inventario y estimacion de la diversidad entomologica en Iberoamerica: PRIBES- 2000. Monografias Tercer Milenio m 3 m." year="2000">Vaz-de-Mello 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 194 (cited for Brazil);
<bibRefCitation id="23D75C0D762B2E286924B449B7BF838F" author="Vitolo, AL" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="591 - 601" title="Clave para la identificacion de los generos y especies Phanaeinas de Colombia." volume="24" year="2000">Vitolo 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 599 (characters in key);
<bibRefCitation id="135D272046691E633B5F8C893C244D35" author="Medina, CA" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" pagination="131 - 144" title="Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia." volume="2" year="2001">Medina et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 140 (cited for Colombia);
<bibRefCitation id="22F489771ED0757A7A71F4D1BBD7D917" author="Vitolo, A" editor="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="277 - 318" title="Escarabajos estercoleros de la tribu Phanaeini de Colombia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae)." volume="3" volumeTitle="Insectos de Colombia." year="2004">Vitolo 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 288 (diagnosis);
<bibRefCitation id="BCB6CF54A644DC06371B2E8F6C9AC2E5" author="Hamel-Leigue, A" journalOrPublisher="Kempffiana" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" pagination="43 - 95" title="Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia." volume="5" year="2009">Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 63 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="AC24966648D47275C11D7FBD2254EF51" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon silenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silenus">Oxysternon silenus</taxonomicName>
Laporte de Castelnau, 1840);
<bibRefCitation id="ADD30CC60EE3EE64601082923E9F68C3" author="Solis, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="278" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 32" title="Checklist and Distribution Atlas of the Scarabaeinae of Costa Rica." volume="3482" year="2012">
<normalizedToken id="7D3794B54F33C3B1EDAA4F3A48909D5D" originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
and Kohlmann 2012
</bibRefCitation>
: 7 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="DF0DC736AF48A86F6B7F0EE0526D65ED" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon silenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silenus">Oxysternon silenus</taxonomicName>
Laporte, 1840);
<bibRefCitation id="E03A32188E607746ADC2D0E636E33F6B" author="Figueroa, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Peruana de Biologia" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="125 - 138" title="La tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) en el Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v21i2.9815" volume="21" year="2014">Figueroa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 130 (cited as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5E8ACBAFCD21B40C787CD45420037DEF" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon silenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silenus">Oxysternon silenus</taxonomicName>
Laporte, 1840).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26B436BE91274279B225240C27FBBEBD" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="2765ED5674A08F8AE4052E37C91F2DD3" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silenus" subGenus="Oxysternon" subSpecies="smaragdinum">Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus smaragdinum</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="53B2B1CA2C2147CF375D1F4F041E0E2A" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 74 (diagnosis);
<bibRefCitation id="6043FCF5C9BE1BEECE9EA84D0311BDEA" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="1F947171E436966C2057067728344F50" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 29 (synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4685B45E67DED85B44D4E52C87B65E8B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silenus" subGenus="Oxysternon">Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus</taxonomicName>
Laporte, 1840);
<bibRefCitation id="DAB0948C900BFFB896D20242C1F8AA27" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Arnaud 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 10 (revalidated status);
<bibRefCitation id="009187B3AF750813E14D061FB0E806ED" author="Carvajal, V" journalOrPublisher="Quito, Ecuado" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" title="Escarabajos del Ecuador. Principales generos. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Escuela Politecnica Nacional. Serie Entomologia, Nro. 1." year="2011">Carvajal et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 322-323 (cited for Ecuador);
<bibRefCitation id="E4D0D6D2D0ADA6EECA333670D928C4D6" author="Ratcliffe, BC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="276" pageNumber="277" pagination="186 - 207" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families." url="https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-186-207.1" volume="88" year="2015">Ratcliffe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 197 (cited for Peru);
<bibRefCitation id="BE557ED590473D282101E7241942B12F" author="Chamorro, W" journalOrPublisher="Revista Colombiana de Entomologi ́ a" pageId="264" pageNumber="265" pagination="72 - 100" title="Listado de especies y clave de ge ́ neros y subge ́ neros de escarabajos estercoleros (Coleoptera: Scarabaei- dae: Scarabaeinae) presentes y presuntos para Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6545" volume="44" year="2018">Chamorro et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 83 (figures 6F and 6G), 97 (cited for Ecuador).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3F190CF8127A3542BD673CDE0ACDD732" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="type specimens">
<paragraph id="88E14B8656BA3AC4228CD44B233081A7" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Type specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0648DD0CE0E45354BD27326EC87A20B4" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
<taxonomicName id="E5284B0244FBAE87196D22E6874588E6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxysternon smaragdinum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinum">Oxysternon smaragdinum</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="F2B5BDC72726444E5A6C165098B966CD" originalValue="dOlsoufieff">d'Olsoufieff</normalizedToken>
, 1924. The lectotype (♂) is deposited in the MNHN (see
<bibRefCitation id="88EF6E449A45DBF3E646AF67BB9E48F6" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="113 - 118" title="Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum national d'Historie naturelle de Paris." volume="4" year="1982 a">Arnaud 1982a</bibRefCitation>
: 117). Locality:
<normalizedToken id="19C71FC12A5304AEC70EF5A265DE0D60" originalValue="Équateur">Equateur</normalizedToken>
[= Ecuador], Loja, not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="02C89D2560FCA82B52D07592C122805C" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="925C6814CDC4CDDD7FBC94BFF210A1AA" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5368AD1D42AC51471EFB7EDD90F120B0" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6CC5C7A905E6ED69AA52AEC62723481" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="202" pageNumber="203" type="records examined">
<paragraph id="4B87D6D86A7814971D8416E13FED5418" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">Records examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE15AC12F384CF56187AC479A0076933" lastPageId="203" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="202" pageNumber="203">
CARCHI: Tobar Donoso, 300 m (5 specimens MECN). ESMERALDAS:
<normalizedToken id="08BEB83B2B72DD560BBA6CFBA7EAB3AE" originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
del Onzole (7 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Charco Vicente (8 specimens MECN; 3 specimens MQCAZ);
<normalizedToken id="23277D9DE648A0C24181E035CB1F306E" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="93D64D9A3679E21C09306EC15E00F7D9" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Bilsa, 500 m (3 specimens MEPN); Majua (4 specimens MECN; 6 specimens MQCAZ); Palma Real (7 specimens MECN; 11 specimens MQCAZ); Playa de Oro (1 specimen CEMT); Salto del Bravo (5 specimen MECN); Tsejpi Charco Grande (2 specimens CEMT). IMBABURA: El Chontal, El Cauchero, 900 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Lita, 680 m (1 specimen MECN). MORONA SANTIAGO: km 8 road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); San Pedro de Apondio, 1600 m (1 specimen MECN). NAPO: Bosque Protector la Cascada
<normalizedToken id="F991950A2E5244F771146498A7CA6C1E" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Coca, 640 m (1 specimen MUTPL); southeast of Puerto Napo, 610 m, Pungarayacu (1 specimen MQ
<pageBreakToken id="DB14BF666D7E807121B15602C266AE5E" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" start="start">CAZ</pageBreakToken>
). ORELLANA: Cononaco, Bloque 16 YPF Parque Nacional
<normalizedToken id="DD16D32BB82D6BB5FA7E011907FB6F08" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
(1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Hormiguero, plataforma Hormiguero, 320 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma Campo Pindo, 305 m, Pindo Este 1 (1 specimen MUTPL); Dayuma plataforma Ungurahua, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Eden
<normalizedToken id="ED72BD5E8F6099AB5C2AF8E08BF1E9DA" originalValue="Yuturí">Yuturi</normalizedToken>
, 225 m, Bloque 15 (1 specimen MUTPL); El Dorado plataforma Guarango, 300 m (1 specimen MUTPL);
<normalizedToken id="3FA708599DC85DF6DE705790679C4058" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0EB11BC70AE6DC036E50A68E3E43E40F" originalValue="Científica">Cientifica</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B8D63560898B86C8C4497DB6685F7CCA" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
PUCE, 215 m, Parque Nacional
<normalizedToken id="F74AC077B11E63B83C13E2FBA3875B3A" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
(21 specimens MQCAZ);
<normalizedToken id="8D31E6F66F732A673A1A1E07D9732AD5" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
de Biodiversidad Tiputini USFQ, 280 m, Parque Nacional
<normalizedToken id="EAE7A0D1E039D5E03BDFE4C1EB1417ED" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
(1 specimen MUTPL); Payamino Research Stn, 300 m (1 specimen CEMT); Rodrigo Borja IAMOE (2 specimens CEMT; 7 specimens MQCAZ); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Guataraco, 345 m, Campo Pata (1 specimen MUTPL); San Sebastian del Coca, Comuna Shamanal, 345 m Campo Palo Azul (1 specimen MUTPL); San Pedro del Lago, plataforma Copal, 310 m (1 specimen MUTPL);
<normalizedToken id="82A4C6F116F67CB5F01E05D4ACB9DEED" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
(1 specimen MUTPL). PASTAZA: Bosque Protector
<normalizedToken id="CB78EE8DA89F84BBF3D5F622805079DD" originalValue="Oglán">Oglan</normalizedToken>
Alto, 555-950 m (1 specimen MUTPL). PICHINCHA: San Roque
<normalizedToken id="62D04BE6D6297C761CA74479412593ED" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guayllabamba, 580 m, Pedro Vicente Maldonado (1 specimen MUTPL).
<normalizedToken id="DEDC2A25375CFDCBCF96D1D10B9BDF3A" originalValue="SUCUMBÍOS">SUCUMBIOS</normalizedToken>
: 6 km de Dureno, 300 m, Precooperativa Los Vergeles (1 specimen MGO-UC); Cuyabeno Campo Hormiga (1 specimen CEMT); Pacayacu Campo Libertador, 260 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tarapoa, Nuevo
<normalizedToken id="81415CC51E56BCFD3972AC9B797D1533" originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
, 270 m (1 specimen MUTPL); Tipishca (2 specimens MECN). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: km 4
<normalizedToken id="8926C6B7760F7C1BA87AF809A52A2D21" originalValue="Zumbí-Yantzaza">Zumbi-Yantzaza</normalizedToken>
, 900 m (1 specimen CEMT; 4 specimens MQCAZ); Zurmi, Comunidad La Wants, 1010 m (3 specimens MUTPL; 1 specimen MEPN); Zurmi Las Orquideas
<normalizedToken id="712F34E6F38A20C02497044823BB7F07" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nangaritza, 870 m (1 specimen MUTPL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="024816105BEE71614AA3301B6B706D3A" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="literature records">
<paragraph id="36E8D569A49D99F849FDC5645D2A11F1" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Literature records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A49356C7BD52E4D1648F122FA2448E0" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">
CARCHI: without specific locality (
<bibRefCitation id="DDDA6CBA2937C967CE7385DABF7A1B76" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Hillside Books, Canterbury, England" pageId="261" pageNumber="262" title="Les Coleopteres du Monde, Vol. 28. Phanaeini. Dendropaemon, Tetramereia, Homalotarsus, Megatharsis, Diabroctis, Coprophanaeus, Oxysternon, Phanaeus, Sulcophanaeus." year="2002 a">Arnaud 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: 74). ESMERALDAS: 11 km SE San Lorenzo,
<normalizedToken id="62C740B74871B5BEDA251CA3DDC4908A" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Forestal La Chiquita 5 m (
<bibRefCitation id="096DDB0CF22CC98F0D2BF4DD82ED4146" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="3FB023097D48707F11966095EE39280A" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31). LOJA: without specific locality (
<bibRefCitation id="32DFF718B6E1B35F040833C9A2091A4D" author="Arnaud, P" journalOrPublisher="Revue Francaise d'Entomologie" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" pagination="113 - 118" title="Liste des types de Phanaeini du Museum national d'Historie naturelle de Paris." volume="4" year="1982 a">Arnaud 1982a</bibRefCitation>
: 117). LOS
<normalizedToken id="7EF67CA280380F1990E84CD334599AEF" originalValue="RÍOS">RIOS</normalizedToken>
: Quevedo (
<bibRefCitation id="840DC4EF0EDDB082FB8A45038F63076D" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="5A2559153568241483E8D94F85BA8C30" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31). MORONA SANTIAGO: Macas (
<bibRefCitation id="2C1FD9CCF2277F2914F308196AEE161D" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="07E2F11695EE24EB4858511FAD619004" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); km 8 road Mendez-Paute, 1250 m. NAPO: 20 km E Puerto Napo, 450 m (
<bibRefCitation id="992732573C0267326AEE372592603447" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="00D0F147AA53503ABAD8496DA4ED69CE" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); Tena, 400 m (
<bibRefCitation id="97136059943F0A06EE0BB61A56A86160" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="8BCB4A796DABC0A1E1AD5C47B4DDD93E" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); 20 km S Tena, 600 m (
<bibRefCitation id="50F4D4EF8C1D22299A0F990D438091B6" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="0E75D05AE63F415D125C8C7568E12B9F" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); 5 km W Tena, 500 m (
<bibRefCitation id="719A4C22FBC4877AE11C866EA60E38E9" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="DF1B2BA300D0B996EF167733854A0660" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); Jatun-Sacha, Biological Station, 450 m (
<bibRefCitation id="E0829EFDED520D3369A75A323F99B0A0" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="94ECE4B0FB68435DD8F4B8EA6A811FCE" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31);
<normalizedToken id="13828B8D6CC14363B41529D9939FDB03" originalValue="Misahuallí">Misahualli</normalizedToken>
Jungle Lodge, 550 m (
<bibRefCitation id="D8198115A2750E907C462EF95152F070" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="CEC3427E3546165E1A7ED7B21D0EFC06" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31). NAPO [= ORELLANA]:
<normalizedToken id="04102FF4E69C29285ADDE1298046E923" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E5D19CF66ECD908EE0149880F1992E75" originalValue="Científica">Cientifica</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F64CC50713F875D5DEA491F80D1538A4" originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
, 215 m (
<bibRefCitation id="5252EE8381A5BF2FBE50321D6E334BF4" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="0ED59C700DA4ECF164E38344BF7B7BDA" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31). NAPO [=
<normalizedToken id="D0521210489A09742B0618E798497BE3" originalValue="SUCUMBÍOS">SUCUMBIOS</normalizedToken>
]: Limoncocha, 250 m (
<bibRefCitation id="08924F54F7E894281652E7C2BFF32C1D" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="7A0E9192225E472BC007268CF1D56A8E" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31). PASTAZA: Ashuara,
<normalizedToken id="63E9CB1F29339B74F057D74F9C805137" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Macuma 10 km hacia el
<normalizedToken id="98D3057F2DB8C4488367C2F7FA01FA8D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Morona, 300 m (
<bibRefCitation id="83ED956E9C305AD2D75BC3D1AC07F8B3" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="4EA17FB33318A9F3AD030D2BB5B41184" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); 25 km NNE Puyo, 1000 m (
<bibRefCitation id="FABCD9E42149D24290123CE605BEA70F" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="3832A6FD0ACEE889CF89F39787132A83" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31); PICHINCHA [= SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS
<normalizedToken id="EEEA2663A8FCD6076BE57003AB32ABC0" originalValue="TSÁCHILAS">TSACHILAS</normalizedToken>
]: Tinalandia, 680 m, 16 km E Santo Domingo de los Colorados (
<bibRefCitation id="F8803EC2E35EDC781AADBE3A3A72A300" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="F08414A07E579A2C5C71D3620253C9D2" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31).
<normalizedToken id="EE30C58B64A92D06B7A07ED3FE960D7B" originalValue="SUCUMBÍOS">SUCUMBIOS</normalizedToken>
: Cuyabeno, 270 m (
<bibRefCitation id="0D201A4F1E129C46CAB41D7B24C406EC" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="6A0D03F5EAE25135F77C1F96D0B1179F" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31). ZAMORA CHINCHIPE: Sabanilla (
<bibRefCitation id="0077B0BD182714E8D597799573F65822" author="Edmonds, WD" journalOrPublisher="Folia Heyrovskyana, suplemento" pageId="266" pageNumber="267" pagination="1 - 58" title="Revision of the neotropical dung beetle genus Oxysternon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." volume="11" year="2004">
Edmonds and
<normalizedToken id="DFF4B8F30DBFDED842FD12F77FC59871" originalValue="Zídek">Zidek</normalizedToken>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 31).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47330154D1C5204E5321A77CD4533C62" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="temporal data">
<paragraph id="B6146C0A0247D12172B291D945AFDD94" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Temporal data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B06F349172A79571C25730B74CF4F0B9" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Collected every month of the year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4F0F27E10179AF23A4B4FE21EDCF950C" pageId="203" pageNumber="204" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="3C6BE928DD79D70A52BF0CB19963805A" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4328AB3AC3B11FBA065125187F192D87" pageId="203" pageNumber="204">Inhabits coastal lowland evergreen forests and coastal evergreen foothill forests from 5-680 m a.s.l. In the Amazon, it was recorded in the lowland evergreen forests, the foothill evergreen forests, and evergreen lower montane forests from 215-1700 m a.s.l. Collected manually and with pitfall traps baited with carrion and human feces.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>