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<mods:title id="020C4F2F30E0E072FBDD2C2BE6A54ADE">The polyps of Oceania armata identified by DNA barcoding (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="970187A18419FFFE99C7FA60FEC50F39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3512212" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124788291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3512212" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:970187A18419FFFE99C7FA60FEC50F39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/970187A18419FFFE99C7FA60FEC50F39" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
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<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7FA60FDB40E87" blockId="11.[151,527,1447,1507]" box="[151,527,1447,1474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<heading id="445F81DB8419FFF899C7FA60FDB40E87" bold="true" box="[151,527,1447,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7FA60FDB40E87" ID-CoL="48BY8" authority="Kolliker, 1853" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,527,1447,1474]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7FA60FDB40E87" bold="true" box="[151,527,1447,1474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7FA60FEE20E84" bold="true" box="[151,345,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Oceania armata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89830FA6FFDB40E87" author="Kolliker" box="[352,527,1448,1474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Kolliker, A. (1853) Bericht uber einige im Herbste 1852 angestellte vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen. In: Gegenbaur, C., Kolliker, A. &amp; Muller, H. (Eds.), Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 4, pp. 299 - 370. Avaliable from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 50076 # page / 307 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 18 Oct. 2016)" type="journal article" year="1853">Kölliker, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="87932A328419FFF899CFFA0DFEBA0EA6" box="[159,257,1482,1507]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1049,1071]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1402,195,1870]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1027]" captionTargetBox-2="[529,1069,1189,1875]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[159,1403,195,1872]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1028]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[520,1073,1180,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Oceania armata Kölliker, 1853. A. Living medusa (bell height and width about 9 mm) from the Bay of Villefranche – sur – Mer. The specimen was used to obtain the DNA sample DNA 1148. B. Microphoto of mouth margin of sample MHNG-INVE- 87094, note stalked nematocyst clusters." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Oceaniidae hydroid from the Andaman Sea initially identified as Turritopsis chevalense, after molecular comparisons attributed to Oceania armata, MHNG-INVE- 78812. A. Preserved colony. B. Terminal branch after removal of soft tissue. Note that the side branch originating near the asterisk (*) remains adnate until it curves away (arrow)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Oceaniidae hydroid from the Andaman Sea initially identified as Turritopsis chevalense, after molecular comparisons attributed to Oceania armata, MHNG-INVE- 78812. A. Drawing of hydranth and medusa bud. B. Nematocysts: microbasic eurytele and desmoneme." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/257381/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/257382/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/257383/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Figs 1‒3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B2653C8419FFF899C7F9D4FCBE0C3F" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F9D4FBE80D23" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F9D4FBE80D23" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F9D4FD660D6D" ID-CoL="48BY8" authority="Kolliker, in Gegenbaur et al., 1853: 323" authorityName="Kolliker, in Gegenbaur et al." authorityPageNumber="323" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,733,1554,1576]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F9D4FE860D6D" box="[151,317,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Oceania armata</emphasis>
Kölliker, in Gegenbaur
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF89B67F9D4FDD00D6D" box="[567,619,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
, 1853: 323
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89BAAF9D5FC500D6D" author="Metschnikoff" box="[762,1003,1554,1576]" page="78" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89BAAF9D5FC7F0D6D" author="Metschnikoff" box="[762,964,1554,1576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Metschnikoff, E. (1886) Embryologische Studien an Medusen. Ein Beitrag zur Genealogie der Primitiv-Organe. Verlag v. Alfred Holder, k. k. Hof und Universitats-Buchhandler in Wien, Vienna, 1886, 1 - 159, 12 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5982" type="journal article" year="1886">Metschnikoff 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 78
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1 figs 32‒39.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89DE6F9D5FAD10D6D" author="Mayer" box="[1206,1386,1554,1576]" page="147" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89DE6F9D5FA8C0D6D" author="Mayer" box="[1206,1335,1554,1576]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Hydromedusae, Vols. I &amp; II. Scyphomedusae. Vol III. Carnegie Institution, Washington, 735 pp., 76 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5996" type="book" year="1910">Mayer 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 147
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 80‒81.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89872F9F6FE740D02" author="Kramp" box="[290,463,1585,1607]" page="99" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89872F9F6FE120D02" author="Kramp" box="[290,425,1585,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1959) The Hydromedusae of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent waters. Dana Report, 46, 1 - 283." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 99
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 63.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89B68F9F6FD5B0D02" author="Kramp" box="[568,736,1585,1607]" page="65" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89B68F9F6FD050D02" author="Kramp" box="[568,702,1585,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 65
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89BAEF9F6FC110D02" author="Kramp" box="[766,938,1585,1607]" page="27" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89BAEF9F6FC3E0D02" author="Kramp" box="[766,901,1585,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1968) The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Report, 72, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1968">Kramp 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 67.—
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89D42F9F6FAB30D02" author="Brinckmann-Voss" box="[1042,1288,1585,1607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae / Athecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna e Flora Golfo di Napoli, 39, 1 - 96, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1970">Brinckmann-Voss 1970</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 4 fig. 2.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89997F997FE360D23" author="Schuchert" box="[199,397,1616,1638]" page="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89997F997FED30D23" author="Schuchert" box="[199,360,1616,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 15
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4a‒c.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89B5DF997FD5F0D23" author="Schuchert" box="[525,740,1616,1638]" page="333" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89B5DF997FD090D23" author="Schuchert" box="[525,690,1616,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 333
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 5.—Kubota 2007: 67, figs 1‒5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F9A8FD6B0DC1" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,720,1646,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F9A8FD6B0DC1" box="[151,720,1646,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F9A8FEEF0DC1" box="[151,340,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F9A8FEEA0DC1" box="[151,337,1646,1668]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flavidula">Oceania flavidula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF8983DF9A9FDF40DC1" author="Gegenbaur" box="[365,591,1646,1668]" page="223" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1857">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF8983DF9A9FDA50DC1" author="Gegenbaur" box="[365,542,1646,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Gegenbaur, C. (1857) Versuch eines Systems der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig, 8, 202 - 273, pls. 7 - 9. Avaliable from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 49190 # page / 210 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 18 Oct. 2016)" type="journal article" year="1857">Gegenbaur, 1857</bibRefCitation>
: 223
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 7: fig. 4.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F949FCFC0DE6" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,839,1677,1699]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
not
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899EDF949FD230DE6" authority="Peron &amp; Lesueur, 1810: 345" authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityPageNumber="345" authorityYear="1810" box="[189,664,1677,1699]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flavidula">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899EDF949FECF0DE6" box="[189,372,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Oceania flavidula</emphasis>
Péron &amp; Lesueur, 1810: 345
</taxonomicName>
[?=
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF89B97F94AFCBE0DE6" ID-CoL="7NT6M" box="[711,773,1677,1699]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF89B97F94AFCBE0DE6" box="[711,773,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Clytia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spec.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F96AFD8E0D87" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,565,1708,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F96AFD8E0D87" box="[151,565,1708,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F96AFEEE0D87" ID-CoL="84DY3" box="[151,341,1709,1730]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F96AFEEE0D87" box="[151,341,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Turritopsis armata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89823F96BFD8B0D87" author="Haeckel" box="[371,560,1708,1730]" page="65" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89823F96BFDB10D87" author="Haeckel" box="[371,522,1708,1730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena, XX + 360 pp., 20 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 65
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F90DFD5F0DA5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,740,1738,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F90DFD5F0DA5" box="[151,740,1738,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F90DFDF60DA5" ID-CoL="697NX" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 67" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,589,1738,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Callitiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polyophtalma">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F90DFE360DA5" box="[151,397,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Callitiara polyophtalma</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF898C3F90DFDF60DA5" author="Haeckel" box="[403,589,1738,1760]" page="67" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF898C3F90DFD930DA5" author="Haeckel" box="[403,552,1738,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Teil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena, XX + 360 pp., 20 pls. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 67
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 3 figs 1‒5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F92DFD130DBA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,680,1769,1791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F92DFD130DBA" box="[151,680,1769,1791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F92DFD950DBA" ID-CoL="XP4L" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 55" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,558,1769,1791]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Conis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cyclophthalma">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F92DFED60DBA" box="[151,365,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Conis cyclophthalma</emphasis>
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: 55
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 4 fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F8CFFCBA0C5B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,769,1800,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F8CFFCBA0C5B" box="[151,769,1800,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
?
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899F8F8CFFD3C0C5B" ID-CoL="59dac9d9-0a89-45a9-a6e4-da0e30412e5c" authority="Thornely, 1904: 109" authorityName="Thornely" authorityPageNumber="109" authorityYear="1904" box="[168,647,1800,1822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chevalense">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899F8F8CFFE0A0C5B" box="[168,433,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Corydendrium chevalense</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF898E8F8CFFD3C0C5B" author="Thornely" box="[440,647,1800,1822]" page="109" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1904">
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: 109
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1 fig. 4.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F8E1FD3F0C79" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,644,1830,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F8E1FD3F0C79" box="[151,644,1830,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F8E1FD9A0C79" authority="Trinci, 1906: 208" authorityName="Trinci" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,545,1830,1852]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Tiarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saxifragales" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parthenopia">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F8E1FED30C79" box="[151,360,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Tiarella parthenopia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF8983EF8E1FD9A0C79" author="Trinci" box="[366,545,1830,1852]" page="208" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF8983EF8E1FE550C79" author="Trinci" box="[366,494,1830,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Trinci, G. (1906) Tiarella parthenopea, nuovo genere e specie della famiglia Tiaridae. Monitore zoologico italiano, 17, 208 - 213. Avaliable from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 38790 # page / 220 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 18 Oct. 2016)" type="journal article" year="1906">Trinci, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 208
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1‒2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F881FA390C1E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,1410,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F881FA390C1E" box="[151,1410,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F881FD970C1E" ID-CoL="59R4N" authority="Fraser, 1943: 76" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,556,1861,1883]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fascicularis">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F881FE390C1E" box="[151,386,1861,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Turritopsis fascicularis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF898D9F881FD970C1E" author="Fraser" box="[393,556,1861,1883]" page="76" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1943">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF898D9F881FDB20C1E" author="Fraser" box="[393,521,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1943) Distribution records of some hydroids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 22, 75 - 98, pls. 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="1943">Fraser, 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 76
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89B1AF882FD560C1E" author="Fraser" box="[586,749,1861,1883]" page="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89B1AF882FD730C1E" author="Fraser" box="[586,712,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. The University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp., 94 pls." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 37
</treatmentCitation>
, fig 5.—
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<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89A14F882FC7C0C1E" author="Calder" box="[836,967,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Calder, D. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3648.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Calder 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1f.—
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89D1EF882FAA40C1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507985" author="Miglietta" box="[1102,1311,1861,1883]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B921A3376071FFC5E5B6FF6FFCD5FD14" page="426" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89D1EF882FB570C1E" author="Miglietta" box="[1102,1260,1861,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Miglietta, M. P. (2016) Turritopsis fascicularis Fraser, 1943 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): redescription and discussion of its phylogenetic position within the genus. Zootaxa, 4097 (3), 8. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.3.10" type="journal article" year="2016">Miglietta 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 426
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1‒3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B78419FFF899C7F8A3FCBE0C3F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1554,1914]" box="[151,773,1892,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3FB811998419FFF899C7F8A3FCBE0C3F" box="[151,773,1892,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D348419FFF899C7F8A3FD040C3F" ID-CoL="48BZ4" authority="Bleeker &amp; van der Spoel 1988: 249" authorityName="Bleeker &amp; van der Spoel" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,703,1892,1914]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Oceania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tydemani">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA58419FFF899C7F8A3FEEB0C3F" box="[151,336,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="550">Oceania tydemani</emphasis>
Bleeker &amp; van der
<treatmentCitation id="9E0910A68419FFF89B47F8A3FD040C3F" author="Spoel" box="[535,703,1892,1914]" page="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B468419FFF89B47F8A3FD360C3F" author="Spoel" box="[535,653,1892,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="550" refString="Bleeker, J. &amp; van der Spoel, S. (1988) Medusae of the Amsterdam Mid North Atlantic Plankton Expeditions (1980 - 1983) with description of two new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 58, 227 - 258." type="journal article" year="1988">Spoel 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 249
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B2653C841FFFFE99C7FF50FCC6087D" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" type="description">
<paragraph id="1F1736B7841FFFFE99C7FF50FD70091A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA5841FFFFE99C7FF50FE920BF5" bold="true" box="[151,297,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Description.</emphasis>
Mature medusa
<quantity id="D8509B52841FFFFE98B2FF50FDF70BEA" box="[482,588,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5‒10 mm</quantity>
high, maximal bell diameter about the same as height, umbrella bell-shaped with flat top, jelly uniformly thin. Manubrium on a transparent, shallow peduncle, not encircled by blocks of vacuolated cells but vacuolated cells present along proximal parts of radial canals. Manubrium large, up to 2/3 of subumbrellar height, ovoid, manubrium base constricted, with funnel-shaped mouth region. Stomach and mouth region distinctly cruciform in cross-section. Radial canals where joining manubrium funnel-like dilated and composed of large, vacuolated cells, continued on manubrium as perradial ribs resembling four clasping claws. Mouth rim in folds, with four prominent perradial lips. Margin of mouth with a continuous row of spherical nematocyst clusters, these usually on a short pedicel. Gonads smooth, on interradial surface of stomach. Four quite broad radial canals, margins occasionally jagged, circular canal broad. Marginal tentacles 80‒120, evenly tapering, gastrodermis chordoid. Origins of tentacles somewhat alternately displaced adaxially and abaxially (= in 2 rows). Each tentacle with a slight proximal swelling beginning shortly after origin. Adaxial ocelli near tentacle base. Nematocysts: microbasic euryteles, desmonemes. Colours: manubrium and gonads yellow, orange or orange brown, ocelli brown-red. Egg size about
<quantity id="D8509B52841FFFFE9B30FD8FFD7C091A" box="[608,711,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F1736B7841FFFFE9997FDABFCC6087D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">
Polyp stage forming erect, branched colonies,
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, strongly polysiphonic, thinning out to monosiphonic. Proximal parts of monosiphonic side-branches and hydranth pedicels adnate to branch of origin. Hydranths at ends of side branches, tubular,
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high, with rounded hypostome, up to 18 scattered filiform tentacles. Medusa buds at end of thin side-branches with proximal region adnate, spherical,
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, in advanced stages with four broad radial canals, manubrium very short, with four interradial pads, four marginal bulbs, about 8 tentacles stubs. Nematocysts of polyps are microbasic euryteles and desmonemes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B2653C841FFFFE9997FC84FD3F0F55" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1F1736B7841FFFFE9997FC84FD3F0F55" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA5841FFFFE9997FC84FEDB0819" bold="true" box="[199,352,835,860]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Distribution.</emphasis>
The medusa occurs in coastal waters of tropical to warm temperate seas. It has been recorded from the Mediterranean, coasts of
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE9B62FCA0FD3008C5" box="[562,651,871,896]" name="Senegal" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Senegal</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE9B9BFCA0FC9C08C5" box="[715,807,871,896]" name="Gambia" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Gambia</collectingCountry>
, Canary Islands,
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE9AA6FCAFFB3B08C5" box="[1014,1152,871,896]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="DD6CF855841FFFFE9DC1FCAFFB5808C5" box="[1169,1251,872,896]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Azores</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE9DA3FCA0FAEE08C5" box="[1267,1365,871,896]" name="Portugal" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Portugal</collectingCountry>
, West Indies,
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE99BDFC4AFE8B08E1" box="[237,304,909,932]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE986FFC4AFE6708E0" box="[319,476,908,933]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="DD6CF855841FFFFE98BCFC4AFDF908E1" box="[492,578,909,932]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea, South
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE9B85FC4BFCA308E0" box="[725,792,908,933]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, Red Sea; apparently it is absent from the eastern Pacific Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B46841FFFFE981BFC77FE5A088D" author="Kramp" box="[331,481,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B46841FFFFE98A2FC68FCA3088D" author="Schmidt" box="[498,792,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" refString="Schmidt, H. E. &amp; Klinker J. (1974) Hydromedusae (Coelenterata) from the Indian Ocean. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, 18, 29 - 38." type="journal article" year="1974">Schmidt &amp; Klinker 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B46841FFFFE9A79FC68FC64088D" author="Schuchert" box="[809,991,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B46841FFFFE9AA0FC68FB1D088D" author="Schuchert" box="[1008,1190,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80242" type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B46841FFFFE9DE7FC77FA23088D" author="Xu" box="[1207,1432,943,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" refString="Xu, Z. Z. &amp; Huang, J. Q. (2006) On new genus, species and record of Laingiomedusae and Anthomedusae in Fujian coast (Cnidaria, Hydroidomedusae). Journal of Xiamen University Natural Science, 45, 233 - 249." type="journal article" year="2006">Xu &amp; Huang 2006</bibRefCitation>
; Kubota 2007).
<typeStatus id="C0138815841FFFFE9813FC12FEC008A8" box="[323,379,981,1005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Strait of Messina, Mediterranean. The medusa occurs usually in depths of less than
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, but not at the surface (
<bibRefCitation id="7B394B46841FFFFE98B5FC3FFDC30F55" author="Kramp" box="[485,632,1015,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1965) The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Dana Report, 63, 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1965">Kramp 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="57B2653C841FFFFE9997FBDBFEC50F39" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1F1736B7841FFFFE9997FBDBFEC50F39" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">
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<emphasis id="2DDCEAA5841FFFFE9997FBDBFE800F71" bold="true" box="[199,315,1052,1076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Remarks.</emphasis>
While two records of the polyp (as
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D34841FFFFE9BB1FBDAFC390F70" box="[737,898,1052,1077]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Turritopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fascicularis">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA5841FFFFE9BB1FBDAFC390F70" box="[737,898,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">T. fascicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D8A84D34841FFFFE9AEDFBDAFBED0F70" box="[957,1110,1052,1077]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Oceaniidae" genus="Corydendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chevalense">
<emphasis id="2DDCEAA5841FFFFE9AEDFBDAFBED0F70" box="[957,1110,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">T. chevalense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<tableCitation id="522A030C841FFFFE9DC4FBDBFB5C0F71" box="[1172,1255,1052,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1 A" captionStartId="9.[125,211,528,553]" captionTargetBox="[125,1902,697,1588]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 1 A. Data of Turritopsis anđ Oceania samples seen anđ iđentifieđ by author. Voucher specimens, when available, are in the MHNG." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BD7663F841BFFFA992DFDD7F9AC096C" pageId="13" pageNumber="552" tableUuid="4BD7663F841BFFFA992DFDD7F9AC096C">Table 1</tableCitation>
) were found in depths of
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</elevation>
, they seem not to be restricted to deeper waters as one record (
<collectingCountry id="67BF7627841FFFFE9D39FBF8FB710F1D" box="[1129,1226,1087,1112]" name="Portugal" pageId="13" pageNumber="552">Portugal</collectingCountry>
sample) was from very shallow waters.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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