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<document id="98A673A5578FF50E5F64237084E0D3D5" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4257.1.1SLASH10889" ID-CLB-Dataset="33173" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.556874" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="556874" ID-ZooBank="98E19676-EC03-4026-B4B6-39BEC10B5A05" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493020839851" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Karsholt, Ole &amp; Torres, Nixon Cumbicus" docDate="2017" docId="90078570FFB22A33FF075E0D8D18F820" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4257.1.1SLASH10889.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4257 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella acalyphae Diskus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="6C3EFD08FFA52A24FF905C458971FFB3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698439017300" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="CCF8150B1DB5848BB3E724021157F59A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FD31EC23C2508C5B3124D3FA34373C86">
<mods:title id="151DCA82588C2EAD9EC222DBC189B43B">Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C876BB56F13F12996194ED207814A0C8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="848946AED67EE4CD2C80A86474D73D78">
<mods:roleTerm id="790A4F793F6432D38FB1B2646E97994F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0650C37F827E325B255A64ED66379E2B">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B36A33DA5BA71724F3A0A3BAAABA34BD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EAB0F3C5F051934B3B7E54CF4A08C4E5">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AECA1E43B0F66F5B670F949B4E7038CE">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B64DF6DF154FAF90C9AE077FA7084B4F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6EE76AFABF20B4B290F4D6BA1206911C">
<mods:roleTerm id="013149D0734596BF5C5AC3AFED66C3F1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AC3F57A654E78EC9C565BF7DF1F3FA25">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="206E8BD7B00BC547E95058D90A3F47CE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4F3F8875BB8FF6B2673EACA9506A54F8">
<mods:roleTerm id="954832A8ADF91579D50DE6FFC02327CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0F5869E7E67919B01D12AD6CB48CBE92">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="204F9BC4D9FB200E6F523EC7DBD2DAC1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A95258ECEA38D31B710EAFD4E4AC8BAB">
<mods:roleTerm id="3A531F8A4B14DA9D1DB66F86CC179C67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8D1E4632A0C7B6A75C8D28AB5BF8060B">Torres, Nixon Cumbicus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F15B52020F8DFCE5A6922A411D82EC5D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="516FDB2C46A63C6ACBA3A3101EC55658">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CA94EA11767F19DCEFCEB6A814844BFD">
<mods:date id="2B6BA58816EE648C6F3FED475F548B8A">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A3D5CCE3D34AC1F43A23D6F70C21AAC0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F26F287D7064196F8405B831CC37424E">4257</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D2D51F2079498BAAAF690C84D278AB6C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="04FADF5BE28B90889ADF0C8C8D279606">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="3BA827ADA3FB4A942DD2813B56BBE407">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FA39B4A043756641A29F1ACACD33AB59" type="CLB-Dataset">33173</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D21610126DA44A787B6709AEBDE42818" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.556874</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1BF6CFBEABEFB32E273F43E91D05D4E5" type="GBIF-Dataset">90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A25A532B5F45E52FDCFB72247EAFFA38" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A2083D90324A454355A02F77A72559B8" type="Zenodo-Dep">556874</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="90078570FFB22A33FF075E0D8D18F820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6035846" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6035846" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90078570FFB22A33FF075E0D8D18F820" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90078570FFB22A33FF075E0D8D18F820" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF075E0D8B81FDD1" box="[151,752,583,610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF075E0D8B81FDD1" blockId="23.[151,752,583,643]" box="[151,752,583,610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="4359830AFFB22A33FF075E0D8B81FDD1" bold="true" box="[151,752,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF075E0D8B81FDD1" bold="true" box="[151,752,583,610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
10.
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FF535E028BF4FDD1" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[195,645,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acalyphae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF535E0288C4FDD2" bold="true" box="[195,437,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Stigmella acalyphae</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="31E9550FFFB22A33FD025E0D8B81FDD1" box="[658,752,584,610]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF075E2F8BDDFD30" box="[151,684,618,643]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF075E2F8BDDFD30" blockId="23.[151,752,583,643]" box="[151,684,618,643]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FF0F5E2F8996FD30" box="[159,231,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,195,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1433,195,1890]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 1, high-Andean species recorded at altitudes above 3700 m (after Stonis et al. 2016 d); 2, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 3 – 8, some collecting areas in the Peruvian Andes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556875/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FF635E2E8872FD30" box="[243,259,619,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,209,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 9, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 10, 11, some collecting areas in Peru. * — Stigmella epicosma Meyrick is also known from Arica Province, northern Chile (Vargas 2011); ** – S. inca sp. nov. is also discovered in southern Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556876/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE9F5E2F8829FD30" box="[271,344,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,208,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Distribution of some central Andean Nepticulidae. 12 – 14, 17, 18, habitats, Peru; 15, 16, distribution maps." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556877/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">14–16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FEF35E2F88F0FD30" box="[355,385,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 35. Adults of the central Andean Nepticulidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556883/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE1D5E2E88DAFD30" box="[397,427,619,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[158,1418,202,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[158,1428,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 37. Diagnostics of the central Andean Stigmella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556885/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE275E2F8B71FD30" box="[439,512,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,219,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[153,1433,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Male genitalia of Stigmella acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 758 (ZMUC); 49, valva; 50, apical processes of valva; 51 – 53, capsule with phallus removed; 54, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556888/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">49–54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FD9B5E2E8B46FD30" box="[523,567,619,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[153,1433,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Female genitalia of new Stigmella species. 104, S. acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 756; 105, S. inca Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 762; 106, S. coronaria Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 769; 107, same, genitalia slide no. AD 771 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556903/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">104</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FDD35E2F8BD5FD30" box="[579,676,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 – 115" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1804,1827]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,201,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[151,1436,193,1783]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 111 – 115. Leaf-mines of Stigmella acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., and S. lepida Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. on Acalypha L. 111, 112, host-plant, Acalypha aronioides Pax &amp; K. Hoffm.; 113 – 115, leaf-mines (Note: leaf-mines of these two species are similar and were mixed up during fieldwork)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556906/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">111–115</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF075EF78C61FCA0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF075EF78C61FCA0" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<materialsCitation id="A8C63E3BFFB22A33FF075EF7898FFCA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1457688716" collectingDate="2008-10-22" collectingDateMax="2008-11" collectingDateMin="2008-10-22" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="A. Diskus" country="Peru" elevation="3020" location="Calca Province" municipality="Pisac" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="759" specimenCount-male="759" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF075EF78839FD78" bold="true" box="[151,328,690,715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="C7158AC4FFB22A33FF075EF789A3FD78" box="[151,210,690,715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C7158AC4FFB22A33FEC25EF788CEFD78" box="[338,447,690,715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="0EA8FFEFFFB22A33FE5C5EF68890FD79" box="[460,481,691,714]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="60B974F6FFB22A33FE7B5EF68B46FD79" box="[491,567,691,714]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="1D7162BDFFB22A33FDD45EF78B84FD78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90078570FFB22A33FF075E0D8D18F820:1D7162BDFFB22A33FDD45EF78B84FD78" box="[580,757,690,715]" country="Peru" municipality="Pisac" name="Calca Province" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Calca Province</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F875AE1CFFB22A33FC925EF68A31FD78" box="[770,832,691,715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Písac</collectingMunicipality>
, 13°25'02˝S, 71°50'23˝W,
<elevation id="9383D355FFB22A33FBE35EF78C4FFD79" box="[1139,1342,690,715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="3020.0">
elevation
<quantity id="DF569983FFB22A33FB745EF68C4FFD79" box="[1252,1342,691,715]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="3020.0">3020 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, mining larvae
<collectedFrom id="ABB2779BFFB22A33FF725E92881FFD5C" box="[226,366,726,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FE945E93881FFD5C" box="[260,366,726,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FE945E93881FFD5C" box="[260,366,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acalypha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
sp.
<date id="6C1012A6FFB22A33FE0C5E928B7FFD5C" box="[412,526,727,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-10-22">
<collectingDate id="7C54EB4EFFB22A33FE0C5E928B7FFD5C" box="[412,526,727,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-10-22">22.x.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, ex pupa
<date id="6C1012A6FFB22A33FDE85E938BBEFD5C" box="[632,719,726,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-11">
<collectingDate id="7C54EB4EFFB22A33FDE85E938BBEFD5C" box="[632,719,726,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-11">xi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, field card no. 4950, leg.
<collectorName id="B55B51B0FFB22A33FC7B5E928D2FFD5C" box="[1003,1118,726,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. Diškus</collectorName>
, genitalia slide no. AD
<specimenCount id="0EA8FFEFFFB22A33FACF5E938CECFD5C" box="[1375,1437,726,751]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">758♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="7EBFACA3FFB22A33FF0F5EBE8987FCA0" box="[159,246,763,787]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ZMUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. Paratype: 2 ♀, same label data as holotype, genitalia slide no. AD756♀, AD950♀ (ZMUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF575F5B8ADCFC10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF575F5B8ADCFC10" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575F5B8830FC84" bold="true" box="[199,321,798,823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FE685F5B8BBAFC85" box="[504,715,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expressa">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FE685F5B8BBAFC85" box="[504,715,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Stigmella expressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The combination of very long vinculum without lateral lobes, gnathos with one stout processes, large apical processes of valva, transtilla with long sublateral processes, and two large cornuti in the male genitalia distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FCB15F228AC0FCCC" box="[801,945,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acalyphae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FCB15F228AC0FCCC" box="[801,945,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. acalyphae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FC2A5F238D67FCCC" bold="true" box="[954,1046,870,895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="31E9550FFFB22A33FC2A5F238D67FCCC" box="[954,1046,870,895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from all other
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FB555F238C5FFCCC" box="[1221,1326,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FB555F238C5FFCCC" box="[1221,1326,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fact that it feeds on
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FED35FCF8B5AFC10" box="[323,555,906,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aronioides">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FED35FCF8B5AFC10" box="[323,555,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acalypha aronioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also make this species distinctive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF575FEB8876F894" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF575FEB8B25FAB9" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575FEB8875FC74" bold="true" box="[199,260,942,967]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE835FEB8816FC74" box="[275,359,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 35. Adults of the central Andean Nepticulidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556883/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Forewing length
<quantity id="DF569983FFB22A33FDAB5FEA8BB4FC75" box="[571,709,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.2 mm</quantity>
; wingspan about
<quantity id="DF569983FFB22A33FC195FEA8A93FC75" box="[905,994,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
. Head: palpi greyish cream; frontal tuft orangish beige; collor yellowish cream; scape greyish yellow cream; antenna slightly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 26–27 segments, grey-brown with some purple iridescence on upper side, greyish cream on underside. Thorax, tegula and forewing greyish golden cream sparsely speckled with brown-black scales with purple iridescence; these dark scales most abundant on forewing apex and form a false apical fascia; fringe golden cream apically, blackish grey on tornus; underside of forewing dark grey-brown, without spots or androconia. Hindwing pale grey on upper side and underside, with some purple iridescence; without spots or androconia; its fringe pale grey. Legs dark grey to black-grey on upper side, brownish cream on underside. Abdomen dark grey with some purple iridescence on upper side, cream with golden gloss on underside; genital plates cream; anal tufts very short, indistinctive, greyish cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF5759538DE2FAE0" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575953886FFA9C" bold="true" box="[199,286,1302,1327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FEA3595388FCFA9C" box="[307,397,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1817]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 35. Adults of the central Andean Nepticulidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556883/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Forewing length about 2.0 mm; wingspan
<quantity id="DF569983FFB22A33FC3659538D47FA9D" box="[934,1078,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4.45" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.4">4.4–4.5 mm</quantity>
. Flagellum with 23 segments. Forewing tends to be darker, with more brown-black scales on forewing apex than in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF57591B88E7F9B4" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF57591B8802FAC4" bold="true" box="[199,371,1374,1399]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE14591B8B78FAC4" box="[388,521,1374,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,219,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[153,1433,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Male genitalia of Stigmella acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 758 (ZMUC); 49, valva; 50, apical processes of valva; 51 – 53, capsule with phallus removed; 54, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556888/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 49–54</figureCitation>
). Capsule much longer (275 µm) than wide (130 µm). Vinculum with very long ventral plate. Uncus with four small lobes. Gnathos with one caudal process and large angular plate. Valva 125–130 µm long, 45–50 µm wide, with two very large apical processes and slightly bulged inner lobe; transtilla with very long sublateral processes. Juxta membranous, indistinctive. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FC09598F8A9AFA50" box="[921,1003,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 54" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1955,1978]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,219,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[153,1433,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 54. Male genitalia of Stigmella acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 758 (ZMUC); 49, valva; 50, apical processes of valva; 51 – 53, capsule with phallus removed; 54, phallus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556888/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
) 215 µm long, 35–55 µm wide; vesica with two large cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF575A57880EF924" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575A5788FEF998" bold="true" box="[199,399,1554,1579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE315A578B76F998" box="[417,519,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 104 – 107" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[153,1433,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 104 – 107. Female genitalia of new Stigmella species. 104, S. acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 756; 105, S. inca Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 762; 106, S. coronaria Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 769; 107, same, genitalia slide no. AD 771 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556903/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
). Total length about 450 µm. Anterior and posterior apophyses almost equal in lenght; anterior apophyses broad distally; posterior apophyses very slender. Vestibulum narrow, without sclerites. Corpus bursae without signa; pectinations invisible or absent. Abdominal apex gradually narrowing, with two small distal papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF575AE78876F894" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575AE7883BF908" bold="true" box="[199,330,1698,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Host-plant:
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FE465AE78AF6F908" authority="Pax &amp; K. Hoffm." authorityName="Pax &amp; K. Hoffm." box="[470,903,1698,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aronioides">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FE465AE78BCFF908" box="[470,702,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acalypha aronioides</emphasis>
Pax &amp; K. Hoffm.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FC055AE78D40F908" box="[917,1073,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 – 115" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1804,1827]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,201,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[151,1436,193,1783]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 111 – 115. Leaf-mines of Stigmella acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., and S. lepida Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. on Acalypha L. 111, 112, host-plant, Acalypha aronioides Pax &amp; K. Hoffm.; 113 – 115, leaf-mines (Note: leaf-mines of these two species are similar and were mixed up during fieldwork)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556906/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 111, 112</figureCitation>
). Larvae mine leaves in October (together with other species—
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FE785A828A79F96C" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[488,776,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepida" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FE785A828B38F96C" box="[488,585,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. lepida</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FC845A838A1CF96C" bold="true" box="[788,877,1734,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="31E9550FFFB22A33FC845A838A1CF96C" box="[788,877,1734,1759]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
). Leaf-mines of these two species are similar and, therefore, were mixed up during the fieldwork (
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FD285AAF8A26F8B0" box="[696,855,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 111 – 115" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1804,1827]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,201,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@62.[151,1436,193,1783]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 111 – 115. Leaf-mines of Stigmella acalyphae Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov., and S. lepida Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. on Acalypha L. 111, 112, host-plant, Acalypha aronioides Pax &amp; K. Hoffm.; 113 – 115, leaf-mines (Note: leaf-mines of these two species are similar and were mixed up during fieldwork)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556906/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 113–115</figureCitation>
). Adults emerged in November. Otherwise biology unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF575B7788EFF8DD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF575B7788EFF8DD" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575B778828F8F8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1842,1867]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FEFD5B7788CAF8F8" box="[365,443,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1932,1955]" captionTargetBox="[172,1411,209,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[153,1433,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 11. Distribution of the central Andean Nepticulidae. 9, species recorded at altitudes below 3700 m; 10, 11, some collecting areas in Peru. * — Stigmella epicosma Meyrick is also known from Arica Province, northern Chile (Vargas 2011); ** – S. inca sp. nov. is also discovered in southern Ecuador." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556876/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="809528E3FFB22A33FE5C5B768B6BF8F8" box="[460,538,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,208,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Distribution of some central Andean Nepticulidae. 12 – 14, 17, 18, habitats, Peru; 15, 16, distribution maps." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/556877/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">14, 16</figureCitation>
). This species occurs in the Peruvian Andes (
<collectingCountry id="60B974F6FFB22A33FBAF5B768D09F8F8" box="[1087,1144,1843,1867]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Peru</collectingCountry>
: Calca Departamento) at altitudes about
<quantity id="DF569983FFB22A33FED25B1288EBF8DD" box="[322,410,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="3020.0">3020 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50B467EDFFB22A33FF575B3F8D18F820" box="[199,1129,1914,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="18113466FFB22A33FF575B3F8D18F820" blockId="23.[151,1437,690,1939]" box="[199,1129,1914,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FF575B3F883FF820" bold="true" box="[199,334,1914,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the host-plant
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FCB45B3F8AFFF820" box="[804,910,1914,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2ADAE874FFB22A33FCB45B3F8AFFF820" box="[804,910,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Acalypha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="DFAE4FE5FFB22A33FC2B5B3F8D14F820" box="[955,1125,1914,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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