475 lines
39 KiB
XML
475 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790188" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca35c50f-b0c5-4032-b06d-f71b00710c8d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163751304" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790188" ID-ZooBank="C26E1A82-0DD4-48EF-865C-9D8AA788B739" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65270BB7-028C-4339-898E-AA8297244034" approvalRequired="188" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="59" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="129" checkinTime="1587990637238" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Crabo, Lars & Lafontaine, Donald" docDate="2009" docId="75513F417B45FFE0FF02ED9490C2FBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2110.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 30 (30)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@648ded35" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Lasionycta subalpina Crabo & Lafontaine 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="65270BB7-028C-4339-898E-AA8297244034" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="896847397B71FFD6FF8EE829912DFFF8" masterDocTitle="A Revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1643569142744" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crabo, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Washington State University, Bellingham, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lafontaine, Donald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-12-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>156</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.30.308</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">ca35c50f-b0c5-4032-b06d-f71b00710c8d</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576576</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C26E1A82-0DD4-48EF-865C-9D8AA788B739</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790188" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163751304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790188" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65270BB7-028C-4339-898E-AA8297244034" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75513F417B45FFE0FF02ED9490C2FBAC" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,949,1468,1566]" box="[140,722,1468,1495]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
<heading box="[140,722,1468,1495]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,722,1468,1495]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName authority="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,645,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,393,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis box="[140,268,1469,1495]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Lasionycta</emphasis>
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subalpina
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</emphasis>
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Crabo & Lafontaine
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[657,722,1469,1495]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[140,949,1468,1566]" box="[140,949,1504,1531]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
<uri box="[140,949,1504,1531]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid box="[414,949,1504,1531]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">65270BB7-028C-4339-898E-AA8297244034</uuid>
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</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[140,516,1539,1566]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[140,949,1468,1566]" box="[140,516,1539,1566]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 113–115, 160, 216. Map 11</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,1609,1672]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,318,1609,1636]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608941603" collectingDate="2006-07-22" collectorName="L. G. Crabo." country="United States of America" county="Summit County" location="Bald Mountain" municipality="Bald Mountain Pass" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,444,1610,1636]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<typeStatus box="[330,444,1610,1636]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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♁.
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<collectingCountry box="[499,557,1610,1636]" name="United States of America" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[574,635,1610,1636]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Utah</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[651,844,1610,1636]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Summit County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[861,1104,1610,1636]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75513F417B45FFE0FF02ED9490C2FBAC:F827D88C7B45FFE2FCD3EE63953FF99C" box="[861,1042,1610,1636]" country="United States of America" county="Summit County" municipality="Bald Mountain Pass" name="Bald Mountain" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Utah">
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Bald
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75513F417B45FFE0FF02ED9490C2FBAC:F827D88C7B45FFE2FC10EE63953FF99C" box="[926,1042,1610,1636]" country="United States of America" county="Summit County" municipality="Bald Mountain Pass" name="Mountain Pass" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Utah">Mountain</location>
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</location>
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Pass
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</collectingMunicipality>
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, 40.686-[40].698° N 110.889-[110].906° W, 10700’,
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<date box="[774,935,1645,1671]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2006-07-22">
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<collectingDate box="[774,935,1645,1671]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2006-07-22">22 July 2006</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[952,1108,1645,1672]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. G. Crabo.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608941517" collectingDate="2006-07-22" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="Same" country="United States of America" county="Summit County" location="Bald Mountain" municipality="Bald Mountain Pass" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Utah" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode box="[140,208,167,193]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CNC</collectionCode>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[221,337,167,193]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<typeStatus box="[221,337,167,193]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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30 ♁,
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<specimenCount box="[426,466,167,193]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[490,545,166,192]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<collectingCountry box="[490,545,166,192]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[563,623,167,193]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<collectingRegion box="[563,623,167,193]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Utah</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCounty box="[640,834,167,193]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Summit County</collectingCounty>
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:
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<collectorName box="[847,908,167,193]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Same</collectorName>
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data as holotype (25 ♁)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608941616" collectingDate="2006-07-22" collectorName="L. G. Crabo" country="United States of America" county="Sanpete County" location="Sanpete County" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Utah" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectingCounty box="[230,414,202,228]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sanpete County</collectingCounty>
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, Ephraim,
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<quantity box="[538,597,202,228]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mi" value="8.0">8 mi.</quantity>
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E., 39.317-[39].337° N 111.448-[111].470° W, 10700’,
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<date box="[274,424,237,263]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-07-22">
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<collectingDate box="[274,424,237,263]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-07-22">22 July 2006</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[436,574,237,264]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. G. Crabo</collectorName>
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(2 ♁)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608941585" collectingDate="1992-07-05" collectingDateMax="1992-07-09" collectingDateMin="1992-07-05" collectionCode="AMNH, CDFC, CNC, GBC, LGC, MZHF, OSU, TMC, USNM, WSU" collectorName="Kauri Mikkola" country="United States of America" county="Fremont County" elevation="2600" location="Fremont County" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Wyoming" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[658,775,237,263]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<collectingRegion box="[658,775,237,263]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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. [
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<collectingCounty box="[796,997,236,264]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fremont County</collectingCounty>
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], Dubois, pine forest,
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<quantity box="[278,375,272,299]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2600.0">
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<elevation box="[278,375,272,299]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.,
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<date box="[393,532,272,299]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1992-07-05">
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<collectingDate box="[393,532,272,299]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1992-07-05">5 July 1992</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, ad luc.,
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<collectorName box="[640,810,272,298]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Kauri Mikkola</collectorName>
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(1 ♁),
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<date box="[900,1036,272,298]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1992-07-06">
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<collectingDate box="[900,1036,272,298]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1992-07-06">6 July 1992</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(1 ♁,
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<specimenCount box="[140,177,308,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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),
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<date box="[209,343,307,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1992-07-09">
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<collectingDate box="[209,343,307,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1992-07-09">9 July 1992</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(1 ♁).
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<collectionCode box="[431,526,308,334]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">AMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[538,621,308,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CDFC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[633,700,308,334]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CNC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[713,776,308,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">GBC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[789,851,308,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">LGC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[862,947,308,334]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">MZHF</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[959,1022,308,334]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9iaf-dk63" name="Oklahoma State University, Collection of Vertebrates" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">OSU</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[1033,1103,308,334]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vnt5-s7fx" name="Trudeau Mycobacterial Culture Collection, Trudeau Institute" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">TMC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[140,230,343,369]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[241,310,343,369]" country="USA" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">WSU</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,378,404]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis box="[185,315,378,404]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[455,560,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
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<emphasis box="[455,560,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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refers to the habitat where this species is most common.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,448,474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,307,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
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.
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||
</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[319,544,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
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<emphasis box="[319,544,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lasionycta subalpina</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[689,833,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[689,705,449,474]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
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<emphasis box="[719,833,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, which it replaces in the central Rocky Mountains and Sierra
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<collectingRegion box="[560,649,483,509]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Th e ventral hindwing of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[945,1082,483,510]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,961,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis box="[977,1082,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is medium brown gray similar to the ventral forewing with a relatively inconspicuous discal spot. The ventral hindwings of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[537,658,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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||
<emphasis box="[537,553,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
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<emphasis box="[569,658,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[717,863,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,733,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
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<emphasis box="[749,863,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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are light gray, lighter than the ventral forewing, and have a darker discal spot. In practice,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[921,1057,589,616]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,937,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1057,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,284,624,651]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,156,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[170,284,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sorted most easily by locality because
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[752,887,624,651]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[752,768,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[782,887,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs south of the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[237,380,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[237,253,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[266,380,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[393,618,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[393,618,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lasionycta subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[760,878,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[760,776,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[789,878,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Th e antenna, biserrate in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[218,352,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,234,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,352,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and bipectinate in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[567,686,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,583,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[597,686,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differentiates males of these two species where they occur together. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[549,684,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[549,565,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[579,684,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller and darker than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[982,1100,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,998,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1100,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but females are best sorted by the ventral appearance, given above. A few specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[140,426,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benjamini" subSpecies="medaminosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,156,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,426,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">benjamini medaminosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[541,677,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,557,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,677,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differences between their hindwings are described under
|
||
<emphasis box="[368,384,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,412,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">b</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,562,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">medaminosa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The genitalia of both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[530,667,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[530,546,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,667,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,254,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differences between them and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[611,729,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[611,627,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,729,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[957,1100,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[957,973,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[986,1100,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
The CO1 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[450,586,941,968]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,466,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,586,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ by over 2.6 % from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[985,1105,941,968]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1001,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1016,1105,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[190,336,976,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[190,206,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[222,336,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a large distance for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[692,805,977,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,805,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lasionycta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and form a relatively distinct segregate on the DNA tree. CO1 haplotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[761,899,1011,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,899,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[295,407,1047,1073]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
differ from those in the Snowy Range, southeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[988,1103,1047,1073]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
, by 0.93 %. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[347,483,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[347,363,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,483,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[693,803,1082,1108]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[814,874,1082,1108]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[935,1049,1082,1108]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
have not been sequenced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="53.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastBlockId="54.[140,1108,167,1108]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,423,1152,1178]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,327,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Head –
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Antenna of male biserrate and fasciculate with triangular segments, 1.9–2.1× as wide as central shaft. Antenna of female filiform and ciliate. Dorsal segments dark gray proximally, white distally. Scape white, dorsal tuft of scales brownish gray. Eye normal size. Palpus covered with brownish gray, slate gray, and white scales. Frons with equal mixture of white and slate gray hair-like scales. Top of head of slate gray, white-tipped gray, and white scales, darker gray anteriorly and lighter posteriorly.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thorax –</emphasis>
|
||
Vestiture white-tipped dark-gray scales, appearing nearly uniform pencil-lead gray. Legs, including tarsi, covered with slate gray and fewer white scales, distal tarsal segments ringed with white.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[356,454,1433,1460]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Wings –</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length: male
|
||
<quantity box="[724,852,1434,1461]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(expanse
|
||
<quantity box="[964,1094,1434,1460]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="29.0">29–33 mm</quantity>
|
||
); female
|
||
<quantity box="[219,343,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
(expanse
|
||
<quantity box="[451,579,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Ground color of forewing a mixture of slightly brownish medium-gray, darker slate-gray scales, and fewer white and luteous scales, appearing slightly hoary mottled brownish gray. Basal, antemedial, and postmedial lines double, dark-gray with lighter gray filling. Basal and antemedial lines uneven. Medial line slightly darker gray than ground, barely evident except near costa. Postmedial line scalloped between veins, broadly convex from costa to bottom of cell, then nearly straight to posterior margin. Subterminal line pale whitish gray, irregular, preceded by darker gray shade forming chevrons between veins in some specimens, usually less dark and contrasting than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[272,413,237,264]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,288,238,263]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,413,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Spots dark gray. Orbicular spot round or weakly ovoid, filled with pale gray similar to filling of reniform peripherally and dark gray centrally. Reniform spot weakly kidney shaped, similar in conspicuousness to orbicular spot, filled with peripheral pale gray and central dark gray. Claviform spot filled with ground color, variable in size extending ⅓ to ½ distance from antemedial line to postmedial line. Fringe weakly checkered medium and dark gray. Ventral forewing nearly uniform gray except lighter along posterior margin and costa with mixture of dark-gray and white scales. Discal spot usually absent, weakly evident in a few specimens. Postmedial line incomplete, evident only near costa. Fringe gray, weakly checkered. Dorsal hindwing uniform slightly brownish gray, unmarked or with faint discal spot and postmedial line in a few specimens. Hindwing fringe two-toned, dark gray basally and light gray distally. Ventral hindwing with nearly equal mixture of whitish gray and gray scales, appearing hoary but otherwise similar to ventral forewing color to naked eye. Discal spot round to ovoid, only slightly darker gray than postmedial line. Postmedial line gray, undulating. Marginal area similar to remainder of hindwing. Fringe similar to remainder of ventral hindwing or slightly lighter gray, weakly checkered in some specimens.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,861,765,791]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
– Mixture of slightly brownish light-gray and dark-gray scales. Dorsal tuft of white-tipped dark-gray scales.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,307,835,861]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,199,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">Male</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– Male genitalia indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[866,1008,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,882,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,1008,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
– Female genitalia indistinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[804,943,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[804,820,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[833,943,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">perplexella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="54.[140,1108,167,1108]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,493,905,932]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,905,931]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and biology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crabo & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2009" box="[502,729,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subalpina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,729,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lasionycta subalpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[991,1057,906,932]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the Beartooth Plateau on the Montana-Wyoming border to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[806,913,941,967]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
and central
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1050,1107,941,967]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
as well as in the Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[401,486,976,1002]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[525,643,976,1002]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is most common in subalpine forests, on average at higher elevations than
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[552,676,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,568,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,676,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[676,680,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">,</emphasis>
|
||
but also occurs in mid-elevation pine forests with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[279,400,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,295,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,400,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Adults are nocturnal and come to light. It has been collected from mid-July through August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |