214 lines
17 KiB
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214 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="5E9B534FA0FA757858D40B0735B2A114" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum mammosum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 187. 1753." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>270</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E9B534FA0FA757858D40B0735B2A114" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E9B534FA0FA757858D40B0735B2A114" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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25.
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<taxonomicName authority="L., Sp. Pl. 1: 187. 1753." authorityName="L., Sp. Pl. 1: 187. 1753." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">Solanum mammosum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 187. 1753.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Introduced species of Solanum. Solanum mammosum L. A detail view of a flower (Stevens 35067, Nicaragua) B detail view of a fruit (Stevens 35067, Nicaragua). Solanum robustum H. L. Wendl. C habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126920, India) D detail view of a short-styled flower (Sampath Kumar et al. 126920, India) E detail view of a fruit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126920, India). Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. F habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126922, India) G detail view of a flower (Sampath Kumar et al. 126922, India) H detail view of a fruit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126922, India). Photograph credits: A, B O. M. Montiel C-H X. Aubriot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689734" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 41A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectingCountry name="Barbados">Barbados</collectingCountry>
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. "
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
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barbadense spinosum, foliis villosis, fructu aureo rotundiore, Pyri parvi inversiforma et magnitude" (
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02227.x" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 139" refId="B127" refString="Knapp, S, Jarvis, CE, 1990. The typification of the names of New World Solanum species described by Linnaeus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 104 (4): 113 - 139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02227.x" title="The typification of the names of New World Solanum species described by Linnaeus." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb02227.x" volume="104" year="1990">Knapp and Jarvis 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 343: [Illustration] Plukenet, Phytographia, pars tertia, tab. 226, fig. 1. 1692). Typotype material: Sloane vol. 98: 59 (BM-SL).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mammosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded from China, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, but is almost certainly more widespread in the region; it is native to southern South America and is widely cultivated for ornament.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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China. ru qie (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). Malaysia/Singapore.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="tĕrong">tĕrong</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="bĕlanda">bĕlanda</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="tĕrong">tĕrong</normalizedToken>
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asam (
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<bibRefCitation author="Burkill, IH" journalOrPublisher="Wasmann Journal of Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Burkill, IH, 1935. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." title="A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill 1935</bibRefCitation>
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). Vietnam.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cà">ca</normalizedToken>
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du, blanh (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hul, S" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris & Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B101" refString="Hul, S, Dy Phon, P, 2014. Solanaceae. In: Aubreville, A, Leroy, J, Morat, P, Eds., Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris & Edinburgh: 1 - 93" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam." year="2014">Hul and Dy Phon 2014</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp (2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 235-239); http://www.solanaceaesource.org/solanaceae/solanum-mammosum-1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mammosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely cultivated for its unusual teat-shaped fruit that is often used in flower arrangements. It is a member of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1813" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Acanthophora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acanthophora" order="Ceramiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">Acanthophora</taxonomicName>
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clade along with
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. aculeatissimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aculeatissimum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. aculeatissimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. capsicoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="capsicoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. capsicoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. viarum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="viarum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. viarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mammosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from those species in its larger, purple flowers, densely pilose leaves and stems, and large fruits.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum capsicoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capsicoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum capsicoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has similarly large berries, but these are darker orange and the seeds are strongly winged; seeds of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mammosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. mammosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lack wings.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hul, S" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris & Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B101" refString="Hul, S, Dy Phon, P, 2014. Solanaceae. In: Aubreville, A, Leroy, J, Morat, P, Eds., Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle & Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris & Edinburgh: 1 - 93" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam." year="2014">Hul and Dy Phon (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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record it as naturalised in Vietnam, where the fruits are apparently eaten by villagers once cooked, which is a bit surprising, given that they are used as insecticides in other parts of the world (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (Campinas)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B185" refString="Nee, M, 1979. A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison." title="A revision of Solanum section Acanthophora. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison." year="1979">Nee 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689734" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 41" startId="F41">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 41.</emphasis>
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Introduced species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mammosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum mammosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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detail view of a flower (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stevens 35067</emphasis>
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, Nicaragua)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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detail view of a fruit (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stevens 35067</emphasis>
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, Nicaragua).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum robustum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robustum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum robustum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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H.L.Wendl.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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habit (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126920</emphasis>
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, India)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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detail view of a short-styled flower (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126920</emphasis>
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, India)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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detail view of a fruit (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126920</emphasis>
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, India).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sisymbriifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sisymbriifolium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sisymbriifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lam.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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habit (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126922</emphasis>
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, India)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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detail view of a flower (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126922</emphasis>
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, India)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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detail view of a fruit (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126922</emphasis>
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, India). Photograph credits:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
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O.M. Montiel
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-H</emphasis>
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X. Aubriot.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |