363 lines
41 KiB
XML
363 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.551.6686" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1827d21-f4af-4648-ab85-ff777fd0cb0c" ID-PMC="PMC4741293" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-551-129" ID-PubMed="26877667" ID-ZBK="46820EBB50304B9096C9236A38DFDC64" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-551-129" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 551" ModsDocTitle="Leptanillahypodracos sp. n., a new species of the cryptic ant genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Singapore, with new distribution data and an updated key to Oriental Leptanilla species" checkinTime="1452600969103" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wong, Mark K. L. & Guenard, Benoit" docDate="2016" docId="5B5F0A28F9A6093E24EC145E27C78D55" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 551: 129-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 551" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.551.6686" docTitle="Leptanilla hypodracos Wong & Guenard, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="66F9C713-04C1-40F9-B746-30BD1949AC80" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="F41AFFCBFF862F449C40FFEA4235F972" masterDocTitle="Leptanillahypodracos sp. n., a new species of the cryptic ant genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Singapore, with new distribution data and an updated key to Oriental Leptanilla species" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="131" updateTime="1668162418324" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Leptanillahypodracos sp. n., a new species of the cryptic ant genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Singapore, with new distribution data and an updated key to Oriental Leptanilla species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wong, Mark K. L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guenard, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>551</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>129</mods:start>
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<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.551.6686</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.551.6686</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-551-129</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">46820EBB50304B9096C9236A38DFDC64</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">46820EBB50304B9096C9236A38DFDC64</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127881367" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:66F9C713-04C1-40F9-B746-30BD1949AC80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B5F0A28F9A6093E24EC145E27C78D55" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/66F9C713-04C1-40F9-B746-30BD1949AC80" authority="Wong & Guenard" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">
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Leptanilla hypodracos Wong &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="131">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1450581753" collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" collectingMethod="subterranean pitfall trap" collectionCode="LKCNHM" collectorName="Mark K. L. Wong" country="Singapore" elevation="55 m" latitude="1.355" location="Central Catchment Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="130" longitude="103.815" specimenCode="MW 150615 - 1.1" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCount type="worker">Worker</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry>SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B5F0A28F9A6093E24EC145E27C78D55:AE5D89510887101A52ADEB36C7198282" country="Singapore" latitude="1.355" longLatPrecision="130" longitude="103.815" name="Central Catchment Nature Reserve">Central Catchment Nature Reserve</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="1.355">1°21.3'N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="103.815">103°48.9'E</geoCoordinate>
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, ca.
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<elevation>55m</elevation>
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asl,
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<collectingDate>15.VI.2015</collectingDate>
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, via
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<collectingMethod>subterranean pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>Mark K. L. Wong</collectorName>
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, label
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“MW150615-1.1”">
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"
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<specimenCode>MW150615-1.1</specimenCode>
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"
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</normalizedToken>
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deposited in
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<collectionCode>LKCNHM</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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Two workers in total, all with the same data as holotype (deposited at SBSHKU), labelled
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“MW150615-1.2”">"MW150615-1.2"</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“MW150615-1.3”">"MW150615-1.3"</normalizedToken>
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. Unfortunately these specimens were incomplete when collected, with only a head present for one specimen and the second specimen missing part of its antennae and legs. Both specimens were probably damaged by other ants present in the subterranean pitfall trap during collection. The second specimen was very fragile and was damaged during specimen manipulation (breakage at the propodeum/petiole junction). The broken parts were kept in ethanol while the head and mesosoma were mounted for measurements.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="measurements and indices">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Measurements and indices.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Holotype.HL 0.35 mm; HW 0.27 mm; MaL 0.16 mm; SL 0.19 mm; EL 0 mm (eye absent); WL 0.44 mm; PNW 0.18 mm; PNH 0.12 mm; MW 0.11 mm; PTL 0.10 mm; PTW 0.06 mm; PTH 0.10 mm; TL 1.73 mm (stinger not included); PPL 0.09 mm; PPW 0.08 mm; PPH 0.12 mm; CI 78, SI 69, MaI 57, PI 60, PPI 90, PPHI 70.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Paratype (n = 1). HL 0.35 mm; HW 0.27 mm; MaL 0.15 mm; SL 0.19 mm; WL 0.44 mm; PNW 0.18 mm; PNH 0.12 mm; MW 0.11 mm; CI 76, SI 69, MaI 54.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="131" type="worker description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="131">Worker description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="2" pageNumber="131">
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Head. Head longer than wide (CI = 76-78). In full-face view, posterior margin of head straight to slightly concave. Lateral margins of head slightly convex with posterior margins rounded. Eyes absent. Anterior clypeal margin extending forward with two rounded lobes anterolaterally and slightly concave on its anteromedian portion (Fig. 1B). Median portion of clypeus raised. Mandibles short relative to head (MaI = 54-57) armed with three teeth. Mandibles with a distinct ridge
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="132" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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their basal margin (Fig. 2B). Apical tooth large and acute followed by two smaller teeth; with the basal tooth significantly smaller, blunt and pointing inward. Antennal insertion exposed. Antennae with 12 segments. Scape inflated in its median portion, dorsally concave, and extending over the mid-point of head. Pedicel distinct from
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="133" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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scape and flagellum by marked constrictions. Flagellum incrassate with the last antennal segment distinctly longer than the previous flagellomeres, about the size of the previous two segments.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figure 1. Head view of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype) (B). Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figure 2. Head view focusing on the mandibles of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype) (B). Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Mesosoma. In lateral view, mesosoma with a continuous straight appearance with the exception of a well-marked interruption of the promesonotal suture (Fig. 3B). In dorsal view, pronotum wider than posterior portions of mesosoma, especially on its anterior half (Fig. 4B). In profile view, a distinct sulcus of fine striae separates the pronotum from the propleuron extending from the dorsal portion of the neck and reaching the inferior part of the promesonotal suture just above the coxal junction (Fig. 5B). In profile view, both anterodorsal and anteroventral parts of pronotum rounded with the latter droplet-shaped. Mesonotum and propodeum with similar width and without obvious inflated portion. Promesonotal suture deeply impressed and clearly visible in both dorsal and profile view. Metapleural gland bulla large and elongate, nearly as large as the maximum width of hind coxa (Fig. 6B). Posterior part of propodeum forming the propodeal declivity nearly at right angle with rounded edges.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figure 3. Profile view of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype (B). Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figure 4. Dorsal view of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype) (B). Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figure 5. Profile view focusing on the pronotum, mesonotum and anterior part of propodeum of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype) (B). Note that the right side of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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is presented here. Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Figure 6. Profile view focusing on the propodeum, petiole and subpetiole of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype) (B). Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
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Metasoma. In profile view, dorsal and ventral portion of petiolar node markedly convex, rounded without acute portion nor subpetiolar process. Dorsal margin of postpetiole convex and rounded. Dorsal margin of the postpetiolar node lower than the maximal height of the dorsal margin of the petiolar node. Sternopostpetiolar process well
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="134" start="start">developed</pageBreakToken>
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and rounded. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than wide (PTL = 0.10 mm, PTW = 0.06 mm) while postpetiole more rounded (PPL = 0.09 mm, PPW = 0.08 mm).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Sculpture. Sculpture absent on most of the body. Most of the body with a slick and shiny appearance with the exception of the neck with clear transversal striae (Fig. 7B). Hair insertion on head giving an impression of the presence of small punctuations.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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Figure 7. Dorsal view focusing on the pronotum and neck of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
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from Java (A) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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from Singapore (Holotype) (B). Photographs are on the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Pubescence. Pubescence present on most of the body, especially on dorsal parts. Antennae and mandibles with numerous erect to suberect long hairs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Coloration. Head, thorax and fore coxa with a dark amber colour, while petiole, postpetiole and most of the gaster slightly lighter. Antennae, legs (with the exception of the fore coxa) and tip of the gaster with a much lighter yellow coloration.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Castes. Male and female unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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The species epithet is derived from a combination of the Latin terms for
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘under’">'under'</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘dragon’">'dragon'</normalizedToken>
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, in reference to the slender, dragon-like appearance of this subterranean predator. The species epithet is a noun, and thus invariant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Southeast Asia. Only known from Singapore.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="134">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="5" pageNumber="134">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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was collected from a well-shaded patch of tropical low-lying old secondary forest with a high density of leaf litter and woody debris on
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="135" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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forest floor. As with other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Leptanillinae">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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presents a hypogaeic lifestyle and was collected in a baited subterranean pitfall trap at a depth between 10-15 cm. Colony size and structure is unknown. Although the specimens were collected in a trap containing tuna bait, it is presently unclear as to whether
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
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were recruited to the bait, since other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilla</taxonomicName>
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species have previously been suggested to be specialist predators of geophilomorph centipedes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Masuko, K" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="14" pageNumber="143" pagination="31 - 57" title="Behavior and ecology of the enigmatic ant Leptanillajaponica Baroni Urbani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae)." url="10.1007/BF02223813" volume="37" year="1990">Masuko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and have yet to demonstrate any scavenging habits. In contrast, other species present at the same bait were collected in high densities (>100 individuals each), and these belonged to mass-raiding species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dorylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dorylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dorylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fabricius, 1973 and generalized foraging species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carebara</taxonomicName>
|
||
Westwood, 1840.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="136" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Based on a morphological examination,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
is close to several other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptanilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Oriental region, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla escheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escheri">Leptanilla escheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kutter, 1948,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla butteli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butteli">Leptanilla butteli</taxonomicName>
|
||
Forel, 1913, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla thai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thai">Leptanilla thai</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla escheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escheri">Leptanilla escheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the anterior margin of the petiole in profile view, which is rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
but more angular in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla escheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escheri">Leptanilla escheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
while in dorsal view,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays a long and narrow petiole (PI = 47, PPI = 83) that contrasts with the rounded petiole which is as wide as it is long in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla escheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escheri">Leptanilla escheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PI = 87-120, PPI = 117-145). In dorsal view
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a narrower mesosoma than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla escheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escheri">Leptanilla escheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, as records of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla escheri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escheri">Leptanilla escheri</taxonomicName>
|
||
are restricted to southern Indian highlands where the elevation ranges from 1250 to 1775m asl, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in a tropical lowland forest of Singapore at an elevation of 55m asl, it is conceivable that the two species occupy differing ecological niches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Similar species reported from the Malay Peninsula include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla butteli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butteli">Leptanilla butteli</taxonomicName>
|
||
from West Malaysia and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla thai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thai">Leptanilla thai</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Southern Thailand. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from these species in having a more rounded petiolar node and a less inflated petiole.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="137" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
|
||
comparison, both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla butteli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butteli">Leptanilla butteli</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla thai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thai">Leptanilla thai</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess square-shaped petiolar nodes with rounded angles and more inflated petioles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="13" pageNumber="142" pagination="427 - 488" title="Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="2" year="1977">Baroni Urbani 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In full-face view, the extension of the anterior clypeal margin is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
but absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla butteli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butteli">Leptanilla butteli</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In terms of overall size,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL = 1.73 mm) is larger than both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla butteli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butteli">Leptanilla butteli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL = 1.40-1.50 mm) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla thai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thai">Leptanilla thai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TL = 1.40-1.50 mm), although the head size of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla thai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thai">Leptanilla thai</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HL = 0.36 mm, HW = 0.27 mm) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni Urbani, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="13" pageNumber="142" pagination="427 - 488" title="Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="2" year="1977">Baroni Urbani 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is comparable to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
(HL = 0.35 mm, HW = 0.27 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents the most similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java, Indonesia, but can be distinguished from the latter by a suite of distinct characteristics. We also provide a new set of complete measurements for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). The primary difference is observed in dorsal view and pertains to the shape and size of the petiolar node and postpetiole. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the petiolar node is nearly twice longer than wide (PI = 60, PTL = 0.10 mm, PTW = 0.06 mm) and the postpetiole is longer than wide, and also more rounded (PPI = 90, PPL = 0.9 mm, PPW = 0.08 mm). However in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the petiolar node is almost as wide as long (PI = 82, PTL = 0.11 mm, PTW = 0.09 mm in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, F" journalOrPublisher="Tropics" pageId="14" pageNumber="143" pagination="379 - 404" title="Ant species diversity in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." url="10.3759/tropics.10.379" volume="10" year="2001">Ito et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; new measurements PI = 100, PTL = 0.10 mm,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="138" start="start">PTW</pageBreakToken>
|
||
= 0.10 mm), while the postpetiole is distinctly wider than long (PPI = 137, PPW = 0.11 mm, PPL = 0.08 mm in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, F" journalOrPublisher="Tropics" pageId="14" pageNumber="143" pagination="379 - 404" title="Ant species diversity in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." url="10.3759/tropics.10.379" volume="10" year="2001">Ito et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; new measurements PPI = 133, PPW = 0.12 mm, PPL = 0.09 mm) contrary to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hairs on the posterodorsal subpetiolar process of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sparser and shorter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The posterodorsal corner of the prodeum also more angular in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
while being more rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In full-face view, the mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
display a long and well-defined basal tooth, however this character is neither visible in the observed specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor on the figures of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, F" journalOrPublisher="Tropics" pageId="14" pageNumber="143" pagination="379 - 404" title="Ant species diversity in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." url="10.3759/tropics.10.379" volume="10" year="2001">Ito et al. (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Figures 7A, C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
|
||
In addition to the characteristics above, there are several other differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which should be confirmed with future collection of both species. The head of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CI = 76-78) is slightly narrower than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CI = 82 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ito, F" journalOrPublisher="Tropics" pageId="14" pageNumber="143" pagination="379 - 404" title="Ant species diversity in the Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java, Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Leptanilla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." url="10.3759/tropics.10.379" volume="10" year="2001">Ito et. al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and CI = 84 with our measurements below) (Fig. 1). In profile view, the metanotal groove appears more deeply impressed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
than it does in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In full-face view, the anterior part of the clypeal projection is slightly concave to straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
but deeply concave in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lastly, in dorsal view the pronotum of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla hypodracos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypodracos">Leptanilla hypodracos</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PNW = 0.18 mm) is narrower than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla clypeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">Leptanilla clypeata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PNW = 0.20 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |