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<document id="2AEC50D2DCA886B1EEB8BE8E72581CA7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5216.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7403532" ID-ZooBank="F9C92B91-42CF-4D2D-B315-14FF801815D4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1670314409974" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins &amp; Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik" docDate="2022" docId="4F391911FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BC594DF4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5216.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5216 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Opsiphanes cuspidatus Stichel 1904, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="228" masterDocId="B3006169FFADFFC0C378FFB6B8684A61" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach" masterLastPageNumber="278" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1699401028458" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5EB5505603E4E8D717F27AAF393985B8">Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="807BE1115D85DB3BDF995322D7CF006D">Piovesan, Mônica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9094F01F45EC78DCD16BAFE00942478D">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F00B39BD32BD52AA8464E1AF73D17FD7">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DE642DC0CE0F74AA8A209913840829E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A7967D90A8E8B5DC7D66694AC16B8400">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C774F03D2AED073694AB05002A5EFB8">2022-12-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="118888069BBAE12E9BA1A270FE262D52">5216</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A0CF085F51EFD4214A9CBC3656B5BC38">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="4F391911FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BC594DF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7403649" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F391911FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BC594DF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F391911FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BC594DF4" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<subSubSection id="8F8AFB8CFF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BAA14F18" box="[151,713,1375,1402]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BAA14F18" blockId="227.[151,713,1375,1437]" box="[151,713,1375,1402]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<heading id="9C671F6BFF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BAA14F18" bold="true" box="[151,713,1375,1402]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" reason="4">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BAA14F18" bold="true" box="[151,713,1375,1402]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9BA3B4F18" ID-CoL="9BTM7" authority="Stichel, 1904" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1904" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[151,595,1375,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3EFFAE9B9C54F1B" bold="true" box="[151,429,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A301D5F6FF4EFF23C2CCFAE9BA3B4F18" author="Stichel, H." box="[436,595,1375,1401]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref180820" refString="Stichel, H. (1904) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. Genera Insectorum, 20, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C122FAE9BAA14F18" box="[602,713,1375,1401]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F8AFB8CFF4EFF23C3EFFA35B92B4FFC" box="[151,323,1411,1437]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="description">
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF4EFF23C3EFFA35B92B4FFC" blockId="227.[151,713,1375,1437]" box="[151,323,1411,1437]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
(
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF4EFF23C3E7FA35B9544FFC" box="[159,316,1411,1437]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 213" captionStart-1="FIGURE 214" captionStart-2="FIGURE 215" captionStart-3="FIGURE 216" captionStart-4="FIGURE 217" captionStart-5="FIGURE 218" captionStartId-0="229.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionStartId-1="230.[151,250,1009,1033]" captionStartId-2="230.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionStartId-3="231.[151,250,983,1007]" captionStartId-4="231.[151,250,1962,1986]" captionStartId-5="232.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1411,182,1735]" captionTargetBox-1="[561,1027,185,971]" captionTargetBox-2="[566,1037,1088,1915]" captionTargetBox-3="[237,1350,184,960]" captionTargetBox-4="[262,1290,1079,1917]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1350,1022,1872]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@229.[152,1435,166,1753]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@230.[316,1272,166,985]" captionTargetId-2="figure-53@230.[304,1283,1078,1929]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@231.[237,1350,184,960]" captionTargetId-4="figure-44@231.[253,1335,1052,1938]" captionTargetId-5="figure-372@232.[189,1398,1002,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="229" captionTargetPageId-1="230" captionTargetPageId-2="230" captionTargetPageId-3="231" captionTargetPageId-4="231" captionTargetPageId-5="232" captionText-0="FIGURE 213. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (US- NMENT01590176-USNM), b. (USNMENT01590180-USNM) Alajuela; Panama: c. (USNMENT01590198-USNM), d. (US- NMENT01590199-USNM) Colón; Colombia: e. (AMNH_IZC 00352466-AMNH) Santander; Ecuador: f. (FLMNH MGCL 1092434-MGCL) Pichincha. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species. Gray arrows indicate some diagnostic characters of the “invirae subgroup”." captionText-1="FIGURE 214. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USNMENT01590188-USNM), b. (USNMENT01590191-USNM) Alajuela." captionText-2="FIGURE 215. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Costa Rica: (USNMENT01590183-USNM) Guanacaste; b. Panama: (FLMNH MGCL 1092397-MGCL) Colón." captionText-3="FIGURE 216. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. and Opsiphanes cuspidatus relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov." captionText-4="FIGURE 217. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 218. Opsiphanes cuspidatus relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov. [Holotype] of Opsiphanes cuspidatus relucens Fruhstorfer, 1907 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404045" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404047" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404049" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404051" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404053" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404057" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7404045/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7404047/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7404049/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7404051/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7404053/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7404057/files/figure.png" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Figs 213–218</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F8AFB8CFF4EFF23C3EFFA7DBA574C80" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF4EFF23C3EFFA7DBBB24CF8" blockId="227.[151,1437,1483,1942]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3EFFA7DB97A4F84" bold="true" box="[151,274,1483,1509]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C260FA7DBA734F84" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[280,539,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C260FA7DBA734F84" box="[280,539,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C159FA7DBAE34F84" bold="true" box="[545,651,1483,1509]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C159FA7DBAE34F84" box="[545,651,1483,1509]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C0FCFA7DBC364F84" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[900,1118,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C0FCFA7DBC364F84" box="[900,1118,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the DFW without an isolated spot in the discal cell and by the oblique yellow band that may or may not reach 2A.
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C7E1FA59BDF44C68" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1177,1436,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C7E1FA59BDF44C68" box="[1177,1436,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3EFF9A5B96C4C4C" bold="true" box="[151,260,1555,1581]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C3EFF9A5B96C4C4C" box="[151,260,1555,1581]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has the FW with a more acute apex than in
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C070F9A5BB8C4C4C" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[776,996,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C070F9A5BB8C4C4C" box="[776,996,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF4EFF23C08EF9A5BC304C4C" box="[1014,1112,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 213" captionStartId="229.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[166,1411,182,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-19@229.[152,1435,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="229" captionText="FIGURE 213. Opsiphanes cuspidatus cuspidatus Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (US- NMENT01590176-USNM), b. (USNMENT01590180-USNM) Alajuela; Panama: c. (USNMENT01590198-USNM), d. (US- NMENT01590199-USNM) Colón; Colombia: e. (AMNH_IZC 00352466-AMNH) Santander; Ecuador: f. (FLMNH MGCL 1092434-MGCL) Pichincha. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species. Gray arrows indicate some diagnostic characters of the “invirae subgroup”." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7404045/files/figure.png" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Fig. 213</figureCitation>
). Geographical distributions can also be used to separate the two species; while
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C1A0F981BBB44C30" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[728,988,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C1A0F981BBB44C30" box="[728,988,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C09BF981BC264C30" bold="true" box="[995,1102,1591,1617]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C09BF981BC264C30" box="[995,1102,1591,1617]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
subspecies are trans-Andean,
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C3EFF9EDB91A4C14" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[151,370,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3EFF9EDB91A4C14" box="[151,370,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies are cis-Andean. Molecular analyses recovered
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C77FF9EDBD634C14" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1031,1291,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C77FF9EDBD634C14" box="[1031,1291,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C66AF9EDBD154C14" bold="true" box="[1298,1405,1627,1653]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C66AF9EDBD154C14" box="[1298,1405,1627,1653]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C225F9C9BA504CF8" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[349,568,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C225F9C9BA504CF8" box="[349,568,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF4EFF23C13FF9C9BAE34CF8" box="[583,651,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[304,1282,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[298,1290,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT&gt; = 80% and UFboot&gt; = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7403536/files/figure.png" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) (1.9–2.8% genetic distance).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF4EFF23C3BFF915BA4D4CDC" blockId="227.[151,1437,1483,1942]" box="[199,549,1699,1726]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3BFF915B9114CDC" bold="true" box="[199,377,1699,1725]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF4EFF23C3BFF971BA574C80" blockId="227.[151,1437,1483,1942]" box="[199,575,1735,1762]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3BFF971B9FB4C80" bold="true" box="[199,403,1735,1761]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F8AFB8CFF4EFF23C3BFF95DBC594DF4" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF4EFF23C3BFF95DBC594DF4" blockId="227.[151,1437,1483,1942]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C3BFF95DB9274D64" bold="true" box="[199,335,1771,1797]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C22FF95DBA344D64" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[343,604,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C22FF95DBA344D64" box="[343,604,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C11CF95DBAA74D64" bold="true" box="[612,719,1771,1797]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C11CF95DBAA74D64" box="[612,719,1771,1797]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C0B6F95DBCC24D64" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[974,1194,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C0B6F95DBCC24D64" box="[974,1194,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the DFW without an isolated spot in the discal cell and by the oblique yellow band that may or may not reach 2A. Geographical distributions can also be used to separate the two species; while
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C045F885BC284D2C" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[829,1088,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C045F885BC284D2C" box="[829,1088,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C73EF885BCD84D2C" bold="true" box="[1094,1200,1843,1869]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C73EF885BCD84D2C" box="[1094,1200,1843,1869]" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
subspecies are transAndean,
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C383F8E1B9BD4D10" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[251,469,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C383F8E1B9BD4D10" box="[251,469,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies are cis-Andean. Molecular analyses recovered
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C719F8E1BD0C4D10" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Mielke" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1121,1380,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuspidatus" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C719F8E1BD0C4D10" box="[1121,1380,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes cuspidatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C612F8E1B8A04DF4" bold="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF4EFF23C612F8E1B8A04DF4" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF4EFF23C2CCF8CDBAE64DF4" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[436,654,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="227" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invirae">
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF4EFF23C2CCF8CDBAE64DF4" box="[436,654,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Opsiphanes invirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF4EFF23C1E6F8CDBA894DF4" box="[670,737,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[304,1282,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[298,1290,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT&gt; = 80% and UFboot&gt; = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7403536/files/figure.png" pageId="227" pageNumber="228">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) (1.9–2.8% genetic distance).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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