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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63eec201-8a87-4f98-9758-c7d38b15c7a6" ID-PMC="PMC8342412" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1051-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BE8CC6847F645F61BB2F7A6BCF96FD64" ID-PubMed="34393548" ID-ZooBank="639E252D43924ABB910BCEA5D8AD2487" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1051-1" checkinTime="1627629668818" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lonsdale, Owen" docDate="2021" docId="0CDD3F5A3F47BF8F3C9AD49523C273AF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1051: 1-481" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1051" docPubDate="2021-07-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603" docTitle="Phytobia Lioy 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="BE8CC6847F645F61BB2F7A6BCF96FD64" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BE8CC6847F645F61BB2F7A6BCF96FD64" masterDocTitle="Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the &quot; Delmarva &quot; states" masterLastPageNumber="481" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150737868" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the &quot; Delmarva &quot; states</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture &amp; Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1051</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1051.64603</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183833179" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0CDD3F5A3F47BF8F3C9AD49523C273AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CDD3F5A3F47BF8F3C9AD49523C273AF" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lioy" authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Phytobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytobia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phytobia Lioy</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Phytobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytobia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phytobia</taxonomicName>
Lioy, 1864: 1313. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza errans" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">Agromyza errans</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Meigen, JW" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B167" refString="Meigen, JW, 1830. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaeischen zweiflϋgeligen Insekten. Sechster Theil. Schulz, Hamm 6, [iv +] 401 pp." title="Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaeischen zweiflϋgeligen Insekten. Sechster Theil. Schulz, Hamm 6, [iv +] 401 pp." year="1830">Meigen 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 178, by monotypy.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv" author="Spencer, KA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 311" refId="B246" refString="Spencer, KA, 1969. The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 64: 1 - 311, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv" title="The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv" volume="64" year="1969">Spencer 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 101;
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, KA" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Handbook" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 478" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" refId="B261" refString="Spencer, KA, Steyskal, GC, 1986b. Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. U.S.D.A. Agriculture Handbook 638: 1 - 478, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" title="Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. U. S. D. A." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" volume="638" year="1986 b">Spencer and Steyskal 1986b</bibRefCitation>
: 73;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="An International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 62" refId="B314" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2007a. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). An International Journal of Dipterological Research 18 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="18" year="2007 a">Zlobin 2007a</bibRefCitation>
: 57,
<bibRefCitation author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="Belgian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="47 - 52" refId="B315" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2007b. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). II. Belgian Journal of Entomology 9: 47 - 52" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). II." volume="9" year="2007 b">2007b</bibRefCitation>
: 47,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="An International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 70" refId="B318" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2008a. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). III. The description of a new Neotropical species. An International Journal of Dipterological Research 19 (1): 67 - 70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). III. The description of a new Neotropical species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="19" year="2008 a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
: 67,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 66" refId="B319" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2008b. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Western Palaearctic species. Zootaxa 1725: 61 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Western Palaearctic species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="1725" year="2008 b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
: 61.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Dendromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendromyza" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dendromyza</taxonomicName>
Hendel, 1931: 22 [as subgenus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Dizygomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dizygomyza" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dizygomyza</taxonomicName>
]. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza carbonaria" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonaria">Agromyza carbonaria</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Zetterstedt, JW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Economic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B298" refString="Zetterstedt, JW, 1848. Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Tomus septimus, Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], 2581-2934." title="Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Tomus septimus, Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], 2581 - 2934." year="1848">Zetterstedt 1848</bibRefCitation>
: 2739, by original designation.
<bibRefCitation author="Kangas, E" journalOrPublisher="Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B128" refString="Kangas, E, 1935. Die Braunfleckigkeit der Birkenholzes und ihr Urheber Dendromyza (Dizygomyza) betulae n. sp. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 22: 1 - 31" title="Die Braunfleckigkeit der Birkenholzes und ihr Urheber Dendromyza (Dizygomyza) betulae n. sp." volume="22" year="1935">Kangas 1935</bibRefCitation>
: 1 [as genus].
<bibRefCitation author="Frick, KE" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="339 - 452" refId="B62" refString="Frick, KE, 1952a. A generic revision of the family Agromyzidae (Diptera) with a catalogue of New World species. University of California Publications in Entomology 8: 339 - 452" title="A generic revision of the family Agromyzidae (Diptera) with a catalogue of New World species." volume="8" year="1952 a">Frick 1952a</bibRefCitation>
[synonymy].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Liomyzina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liomyzina" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liomyzina</taxonomicName>
Enderlein, 1936a: 180 [nomen nudum - no type species designated].
<bibRefCitation author="Frick, KE" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="339 - 452" refId="B62" refString="Frick, KE, 1952a. A generic revision of the family Agromyzidae (Diptera) with a catalogue of New World species. University of California Publications in Entomology 8: 339 - 452" title="A generic revision of the family Agromyzidae (Diptera) with a catalogue of New World species." volume="8" year="1952 a">Frick 1952a</bibRefCitation>
[synonymy].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Liomycina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liomycina" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liomycina</taxonomicName>
Enderlein, 1936b: 42 [attributes to
<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="In: Brohmer P, Erhmann P, Ulmer G (Eds) Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Vol. 6). Insekten. III. Tiel. Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B54" refString="Enderlein, G, 1936a. 22. Ordnung: Zweiflϋgler, Diptera. Abt. 16, [= lfg. 2, in part]. In: Brohmer P, Erhmann P, Ulmer G (Eds) Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Vol. 6). Insekten. III. Tiel. Leipzig" title="22. Ordnung: Zweiflϋgler, Diptera. Abt. 16, [= lfg. 2, in part]." year="1936 a">Enderlein 1936a</bibRefCitation>
]. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Domomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Domomyza lunulata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulata">Domomyza lunulata</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Hendel, F" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 174" refId="B102" refString="Hendel, F, 1920. Die palaearktischen Agromyziden (Prodromus einer Monographie). Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte A 84 (1918): 109 - 174" title="Die palaearktischen Agromyziden (Prodromus einer Monographie)." volume="84" year="1920">Hendel 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 124, by original designation. Syn. nov. [all previous synonymies of the genus name described in the paper are misspelled &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Liomyzina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liomyzina" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liomyzina</taxonomicName>
&quot;, that is, the nomen nudum given in
<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="In: Brohmer P, Erhmann P, Ulmer G (Eds) Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Vol. 6). Insekten. III. Tiel. Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B54" refString="Enderlein, G, 1936a. 22. Ordnung: Zweiflϋgler, Diptera. Abt. 16, [= lfg. 2, in part]. In: Brohmer P, Erhmann P, Ulmer G (Eds) Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Vol. 6). Insekten. III. Tiel. Leipzig" title="22. Ordnung: Zweiflϋgler, Diptera. Abt. 16, [= lfg. 2, in part]." year="1936 a">Enderlein (1936a)</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sasakawa" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Shizukoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shizukoa" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Shizukoa</taxonomicName>
Sasakawa, 1963: 38. Type species:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sasakawa" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Shizukoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shizukoa seticopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seticopia">Shizukoa seticopia</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Sasakawa, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 50" refId="B211" refString="Sasakawa, M, 1963. Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera) in Bishop Museum, 1. Pacific Insects 5: 25 - 50" title="Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera) in Bishop Museum, 1." volume="5" year="1963">Sasakawa 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 41, by original designation. Spencer 1965d [synonymy].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="note">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Phytobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytobia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phytobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus of relatively large and stout-bodied species found in shrubs and trees as larvae. The larvae feed on young xylem, incorrectly referred to as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cambium”">&quot;cambium&quot;</normalizedToken>
in much of the literature (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.1.175" author="Ylioja, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Economic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="175 - 181" refId="B297" refString="Ylioja, T, Saranpaeae, P, Roininen, H, Rousi, M, 1998. Larval Tunnels of Phytobia betulae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Birch Wood. Journal of Economic Entomology 91 (1): 175 - 181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.1.175" title="Larval Tunnels of Phytobia betulae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Birch Wood." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.1.175" volume="91" year="1998">Ylioja et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
). These larvae are far less obvious to the collector compared to those in other genera feeding within leaves or even stems, and as such, biological data are incomplete for many species. This method of larval feeding is essential to the definition of the genus, as external adult morphology broadly overlaps with those of other genera, and has historically resulted in a broad fluxuation of it boundaries.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="An International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 62" refId="B314" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2007a. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). An International Journal of Dipterological Research 18 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="18" year="2007 a">Zlobin (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Phytobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytobia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phytobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
likely consisted of at least three separate genera, and while structures of the distiphallus do appear to support a deep split between several main lineages, the relative uniformity of external adult morphology, commonalities of the remainder of the male genitalia, and the complex, unique larval habit suggest otherwise, although little can be stated with any certainty until more is learned about this understudied group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lioy" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Phytobia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytobia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phytobia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily confused for some
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Agromyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agromyza" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Agromyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the latter always has an apical bend on vein R1 in Nearctic species, and the lateral margin of the first and second tergite has a conspicuous file. The relatively common
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Phytomyzinae" genus="Nemorimyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nemorimyza posticata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="posticata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nemorimyza posticata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also superficially similar, but in this species the fore tibia has a lateromedial seta, and the lunule is semi-circular and silvery (not shallow and yellow to brown with a light pruinosity);
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="N. maculosa" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maculosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. maculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar, but it has a dark spot on the halter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="An International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="57 - 62" refId="B314" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2007a. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). An International Journal of Dipterological Research 18 (1): 57 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="18" year="2007 a">Zlobin (2007a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="Belgian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="47 - 52" refId="B315" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2007b. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). II. Belgian Journal of Entomology 9: 47 - 52" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). II." volume="9" year="2007 b">2007b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="An International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 70" refId="B318" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2008a. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). III. The description of a new Neotropical species. An International Journal of Dipterological Research 19 (1): 67 - 70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae). III. The description of a new Neotropical species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="19" year="2008 a">2008a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" author="Zlobin, VV" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 66" refId="B319" refString="Zlobin, VV, 2008b. Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Western Palaearctic species. Zootaxa 1725: 61 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" title="Review of mining flies of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Western Palaearctic species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1725.1.7" volume="1725" year="2008 b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
) noted that nearly 100 species have been described in this genus, but this likely far underrepresents its actual diversity. Sixteen species are known in the United States and Canada, including
<bibRefCitation author="Spencer, KA" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Handbook" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 478" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" refId="B261" refString="Spencer, KA, Steyskal, GC, 1986b. Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. U.S.D.A. Agriculture Handbook 638: 1 - 478, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" title="Manual of the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of the United States. U. S. D. A." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51258090" volume="638" year="1986 b">
Spencer and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Steyskal’s">Steyskal's</normalizedToken>
(1986b)
</bibRefCitation>
&quot;Sp. n.
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix" order="Salicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
&quot; from New York. Five species occur in the Delmarva states. Contrasting other groups of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Agromyzidae</taxonomicName>
, many species show a relative uniformity in genitalic morphology, leaving external characters such as colour, chaetotaxy and venation to predominate in keys and diagnoses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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