189 lines
30 KiB
XML
189 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AFB2E5BF191AF99B9808040C14F41DE2">A new social parasite in the ant genus Ectatomma F. Smith (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40FB00B4A3376FF3BA22CD70DDDA559D">Feitosa, R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA0BBC6885A1B58C01EE3D8F068C75C5">Hora, R. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E75033AE7213F3319DBD75087A7AEC05">Delabie, J. H. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BFF450A572899F06BCDA13436C4F188C">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0684C8F83D20359CAC5902EF9C71FD0E">1713</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B0EEF07856BC6DEAA0B2A66BE7CFB410" type="HNS-Pub">21396</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="08B2B916C0CDFCCE0238361C7FD509FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235114" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100116686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08B2B916C0CDFCCE0238361C7FD509FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08B2B916C0CDFCCE0238361C7FD509FB" lastPageNumber="52" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="1CDCE02CB0853539E03AC3FCA290D7BE" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C1A483ACF277B44B4698E705813C4C94" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="D0AACEF438E1205BD299F53C2AB16352" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="279611F2153C27D5DA0357B1F8DBF1E9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="542AC671A2DCE9290A910C6040AB4B8B" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2CFF8B411D965627D057A012A7049468" pageNumber="49">Figures 1, 2</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50CF7A16B4396955613BA575D804B1D8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="595EED1433E79230DA885E61DDA1DBF8" pageNumber="49">
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Holotype gyne. MEXICO: Apazapan, Veracruz,
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<geoCoordinate id="CEEF09196930FD681D8A8C60929615C0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="19.327223">19°19'38"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="2953A1AD54149E0958479D55EEA31089" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-96.7225">96°43'21"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ix.1999, D. Fresneau col. [INEC]. Paratypes. same data as holotype (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="6B834BB98BCA1CA46749A96D292A4009" collectionName="Brazil, Bahia, Itabuna, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau">CPDC</collectionCode>
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]; (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="26DBB3DC6F62115D7D79F730EF1523C2" collectionName="Colombia, Bogota, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Insituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional">UNCB</collectionCode>
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]; (1 gyne) [INEC]; vii.2000, D. Fresneau & R. Hora cols. (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="F2DD8D89003D2DF7BF14FAD629160AE4" collectionName="USA, California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History">LACM</collectionCode>
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]; (2 gynes) [
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<collectionCode id="A68DAFCA834F3CD3BCAF05C70F3BD7A8" collectionName="Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo">MZSP</collectionCode>
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]; (1 gyne) [
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<collectionCode id="E06334BD464319DEFB521B5086D28717" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]">USNM</collectionCode>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9CEB0C525680A7AF6A49F8E07A8824A" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="434BD66EAF7819544A2FD58F8594FE23" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis. Size relatively small (WL approximately 3.80 mm); clypeus and frontal area without sculpture; antennal scapes longer than the maximum head width (SI> 108); petiole relatively thick in lateral view.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66111C07042C5B32EEB461A11B5CEE6B" type="description">
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<paragraph id="885237EACAAF41B6B89544D873EB5175" pageNumber="49">Gyne description. Holotype (paratypes): HL 2.10 (2.06-2.16); HW 1.85 (1.73-1.88); SL 2.04 (1.92- 2.06); EL 0.51 (0.50-0.58); PW 1.69 (1.62-1.77); WL 3.88 (3.65-4.04); PTL 0.79 (0.78-0.88); PTW 0.92 (0.92-1.07); CI 88.07 (84.11-88.89); SI 110.42 (108.57-113.04); OI 27.50 (27.50-31.25); PTI 85 (82.14- 85.71). Color yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, including appendages. Mandibles finely and densely striate, with sparse piligerous punctures; clypeus, genae, and frontal area predominantly smooth, but opaque; dorsal surface of head densely and coarsely reticulated, except for the areas of antennal articulations, which are finely punctate; ventral surface of head with sparse longitudinal striae; antennal scapes finely and longitudinally striate. Mesosoma with variously oriented costulae, from sparse and transverse on dorsum of pronotum and propodeum to dense and subconcentric on the dorsum of scutum and scutellum; forecoxae with dense, fine, regular transverse striation; legs mostly smooth and shining. Lateral and posterior faces of petiolar node with sparse, short, longitudinal costulae; sculpture of gaster consisting of arched, transverse costulae, becoming gradually finer from first to terminal segment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F10D8882DCDB6114845506CC2EDCD929" pageNumber="49">Pilosity cream-colored. Body covered by relatively sparse, long, suberect hairs; antennal scapes and legs with short, suberect hairs; antennal funiculi and tarsi covered by fine apressed pubescence.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A877BCFB84504DB6BE270285BD57368A" pageNumber="49">Head subrectangular, with weakly convex lateral borders and vertexal margin straight; masticatory margins of mandibles multidenticulate and with a large apical tooth; clypeus strongly convex anteriorly; frontal lobes reduced; scapes in repose fairly surpassing the posterolateral margins of vertex; funicular segments gradually thickened distally; compound eyes placed near the posterolateral portions of head; ocelli present and reduced in size.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="91F753AB665A76DF31960B9B744A8CAB" pageNumber="49">Pronotum with a distinct median eminence directed forward and a conspicuous pair of dorsolateral (humeral) projections; scutum large and rounded; notauli almost indistinct among sculpturation; parapsidial lines feebly visible and subparallel; scutoscutellar sulcus deeply impressed; scutellum relatively narrow and strongly convex, in lateral view; dorsal face of propodeum meeting the declivous face in a pair of reduced, blunt teeth; propodeal spiracle elliptical. Wing venation fully developed. Forewing with a weakly colored stigma; longitudinal veins Sc+R, SR, M, Cu, and A present; SR extending distally beyond stigma, forming 1R and 2R cells; cross vein 1r vestigial, not forming the 2R cell; M and Cu also extend distally as tubular veins for most of their length; A not extending beyond the junction with Cu; C, R, Cu, 1M, 1Cu, and SR cells closed. Hind wing with Sc+R extending beyond point where they connect to M, which continues as a tubular vein as much as Sc+R and then extends as spectral vein to wing distal border; basally M+Cu extending as a tubular vein beyond junction with Anal vein, which continues shortly beyond this point; seven submedian hamuli present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3CB6C3307BB1233B4E3CE091D0E6D01C" pageNumber="49">Petiole ventrally carinate; in lateral view, petiolar node thick and subtriangular; anterior slope nearly concave and posterior slope slightly convex. Sternite of first gastral segment with a distinct anterior projection. Worker. Unknown (but see comments bellow). Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="37C1633FB106F4614E931F5B2C8317C8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="F6C26A290D6E9652EDD6B1215CCA244B" pageNumber="49">Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to the parasitic nature of this species.</paragraph>
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<caption id="A6D4F24A2B46C3E943806396E57D464A">
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<paragraph id="2E53F3F7A2D635C3CD0A38CE8E8B9E85" pageNumber="50">
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<pageStartToken id="0A6E244557E859FEE945D858CAEC2669" pageNumber="50">FIGURE</pageStartToken>
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1. Paratype gyne of
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<taxonomicName id="5E971901BB8386C83E82D446834EEE33" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">Ectatomma parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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: A, head in full face view; B, lateral view; C, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2878E2BA20B7516BC8FCC7A26B8AADCF" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2A1DB0FBAEC1401A29C8C56CAB047A79" lastPageNumber="51" pageNumber="50">
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Comments. Gynes of the socially parasitic
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<taxonomicName id="22BD7A6FEED825F5E459A0A44A622F63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">Ectatomma parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the gynes of its host species,
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<taxonomicName id="798AAD57693AD7E9AB42625E537839F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="941" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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, by the following features: sparser sculpture on the body; smaller size (Fig. 2), with WL approximately 3.80 mm (around 5.40 mm in
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<taxonomicName id="92A1D2356391C278652968C6C491D6E6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="908" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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); clypeus and frontal area devoid of any sculpture (usually longitudinally striate in
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<taxonomicName id="2E0BA339E973A3A736DF6495696FD380" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="890" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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); antennal scapes longer than the maximum head width, with SI> 108 (<99 in
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<taxonomicName id="2F2B04398E4DD395D7820A73AB2A52DC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="868" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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); propodeal spines reduced to minute teeth; and petiole
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<pageStartToken id="B52ABCEAC31DB26092B4BA392A213A5E" pageNumber="51">thicker</pageStartToken>
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in lateral view (flattened anteroposteriorly in
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<taxonomicName id="78D413D01E4DDE3392627B359337BE03" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="830" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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). The reduced size and widener petiole of
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<taxonomicName id="D42607C7CB312AF549BDA057AC56B535" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="408" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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are also characteristic of the inquiline syndrome in other ant species (Wilson 1984; Radchenko& Elmes 2003).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EDD316B27788B6808BCDE17CB777518" pageNumber="51">
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Males produced by parasitized colonies were of a uniform morphology and indistinguishable from males of
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<taxonomicName id="6FEB55510638CE66336EF40DFDB127C8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="779" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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. Thus it remains unknown if males of
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<taxonomicName id="7AF35B9C1C87E026137BCB2C8734EA9A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="400" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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are lacking, present but not yet observed, or observed but indistinguishable from
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<taxonomicName id="3EDEDA61AFBDF497B3E82A6027554C53" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="751" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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. According to Hora et al. (2005), one of the 10 colonies of
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<taxonomicName id="4A0C41C49E903AA970E90F5FBDF1FECE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="363" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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reared in laboratory produced four small "workers." However, these workers presented a developed spermatheca and six to 10 ovarioles, in contrast to typical workers of
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<taxonomicName id="A1107EBC21FD3D9468D220B24F238116" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="698" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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which lack the spermatheca and possess only one to four ovarioles (Feneron & Billen 1996; Hora et al. 2001). The presence of developed reproductive structures in these specimens suggests that they are possibly intermediate(intercaste?) reproductive forms of
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<taxonomicName id="9506299CE30E59063B0CEDEEA251C6F7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="281" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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and not true workers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="16779542426AE556C22DF31FF98B2300" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D1DB5400EEBF0097B61C94709E3AF7FE" pageNumber="51">
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Up to now, the occurrence of this species is restricted to Apazapan, state of Veracruz, Mexico. However, its host,
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<taxonomicName id="A2A4073A270119B2634B86FE402CF6E0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="616" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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, is widely distributed in the Neotropics, from Mexico to northern Argentina. We expect that the excavation and detailed examination of
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<taxonomicName id="29E28EB54578A264E4055BE563EAEE1E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="590" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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colonies in different localities could reveal new populations of
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<taxonomicName id="957DEC9C70A88D3F88CE22785D6A6F87" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="210" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E50273388F077C8F5CDC56BA9411D18D" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="38FC115BDA89C743F39D91040D0950FA" pageNumber="51">
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A detailed behavioral and genetic study on the interaction between
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<taxonomicName id="F9F1D283B104B8BCEC58ABDA78ED5826" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="564" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E3E2E7AC7E65B09AD8DE54FE41C83096" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="192" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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(so far undescribed and treated as "microgynes") was conducted by Hora et al. (2005). Gynes and workers of
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|
<taxonomicName id="436CCDDBDDB4077B744F3EB05664A415" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="531" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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and gynes of
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|
<taxonomicName id="F17567564DF6DDA556F56626AFF8523E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="157" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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|
were sequenced for the cyt b region and the results showed two haplotypes. The haplotypes differed in seven variable sites, with a nucleotide sequence difference of 0.93%. They clearly discriminate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DA721C9817DB38B4942F2437CF1CBF7C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="120" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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from the group composed of workers and gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E3B59F54144152DEF78FD33AD1B6280" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="476" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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|
. According to the findings of Hora et al. (op. cit.),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="157CFEF0AB9B510F95786500DE953523" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="88" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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|
is a genetically distinct social parasite producing of almost exclusively sexual offspring. The co-occurrence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9B1944ABA0194528630EC57E4778DC6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="69" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">E. parasiticum</taxonomicName>
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and
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|
<taxonomicName id="ACBA5DC01C4D9C5F1D358C42E846461D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="433" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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|
in the field (nine mixed colonies found) suggests that the parasite usurps established colonies of the host, but does not kill the resident gynes. Agonistic interactions were also observed, exclusively from workers and gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9D059C819BE38F75650904CA60B97479" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="390" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
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|
against the parasites.
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</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="3BB5892ABFD32C8B0BFAA4CD67F4636C">
|
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<paragraph id="83499756075B3D0B227883DB5BB43C77" pageNumber="51">
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|
FIGURE 2. Morphometric scatterplot of head width by scape length, differentiating gynes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="16D43D7D99FD701FC51709576A877C31" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:233834" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasiticum">Ectatomma parasiticum</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9572793B7C16B87BA9D13D636D8E5ADC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28941" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="365" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">E. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Measurements are in mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="60D4A9AE8737704DF2BCB44DE020B35E" pageNumber="52">
|
|
<pageStartToken id="C81297AEA9159B80543DF415E74E9D07" pageNumber="52">Microgynes</pageStartToken>
|
|
are also found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C81063C5B477EF6318F22E970FDA770" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28939" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma ruidum (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidum">Ectatomma ruidum</taxonomicName>
|
|
; however, this is a truly gyne-polymorphic species, and the offspring of both microgynes and normal gynes consist of workers, males, and both microgynes and normal gynes. It was therefore suggested that the two gyne morphs in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="458AF3F9538EFCB41335E557D55F0F3C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28939" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" genus.bestMatchDistance="16" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma ruidum (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidum">E. ruidum</taxonomicName>
|
|
represent alternative phenotypes adapted to different ways of dispersal and colony founding.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="990540081125E1D4B698E29E59198995" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28939" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ectatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ectatomma ruidum (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruidum">Ectatomma ruidum</taxonomicName>
|
|
microgynes are thought to disperse and to found new colonies solitarily, while the macrogynes are a stationary morph (Lachaud et al. 1999).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="838CC547F346C0C3ED75AEC9123D9C65" pageNumber="52">The study of Hora et al. (2005) and the present paper raise the possibility of the occurrence of similar undescribed social parasites within other basal ant lineages.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |