587 lines
73 KiB
XML
587 lines
73 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E4FA62BA89104CB5CE229CF8C9A2606A">New generic synomyms in the Chloropidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae), with additional taxonomic notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4E30A1175DA2E2CC1000D04491CD24A">Nartshuk, Emilia P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DEDEE004AA83498B04609F083315472E">Tschirnhaus, Michael Von</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E7310298A86B057DCB854C98B7336035">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="23D0DE754CA36909EDF15054E2400FF3">2012</mods:date>
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<key id="0A363768FF8CFFD684C3FBC82A5DFBA5" box="[151,802,1085,1111]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD684C3FBC82A5DFBA5" bold="true" box="[151,802,1085,1111]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD684C3FBC8280FFBA5" bold="true" box="[151,368,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD684E8FBC8280FFBA5" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[188,368,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmemorpha</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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Dufour and
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD68644FBC82A5DFBA5" ID-CoL="632QV" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[528,802,1085,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD68644FBC82BE1FBA5" bold="true" box="[528,670,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera</emphasis>
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Macquart
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</key>
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</keyStep>
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</keyLead>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E186059FF8CFFD684C3FB882856FA9F" blockId="0.[151,1437,1149,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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Dufour in 1833 described a brachypterous fly in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD68762FB882AA3FB67" box="[822,988,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD68762FB882AA3FB67" box="[822,988,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a species
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD680D8FB882C6AFB67" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[1164,1301,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD680D8FB882C6AFB67" box="[1164,1301,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">brachyptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="06B020C9FF8CFFD68108FB882CE3FB67" box="[1372,1436,1149,1173]" name="Spain" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Spain</collectingCountry>
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and included it within the family “athéricères” and tribe “muscides de Latreille”. The descriptions of the genus and species are rather short and are illustrated by the poor drawing of an antenna. The description of the antenna (composed from three segments) occupies three-quarters of the whole generic description. Dufour wrote that the insect looks like an ant or a small wingless ‘ichneumon’, but examination through a magnifying glass had assured him that the insect was a species of
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD685AAFAC42B29FABB" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[510,598,1329,1353]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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. Dufour placed the new genus not far from
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6801DFAC42DD6FABB" ID-CoL="63CM2" box="[1097,1193,1329,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Mosillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6801DFAC42DD6FABB" box="[1097,1193,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Mosillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6809BFAC42C43FABB" ID-CoL="CZP" box="[1231,1340,1329,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
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[now in
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD684C3FAA02860FA9F" ID-CoL="623ZD" box="[151,287,1365,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E186059FF8CFFD68493FA8F2A1BFA47" blockId="0.[151,1437,1149,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68493FA8F28FAFA63" author="Macquart" box="[199,389,1401,1425]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Macquart, P. J. M. [Pierre Justin Marie, as M. = Monsieur)] (1835) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome deuxieme. In: Nouvelles suites a Buffon, formant, avec les oeuvres de cet auteur, un cours complet d'histoire naturelle. Collection accompagnee de Planches. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, iii + 710 pp., pls. 13 - 24 + 8 pp., 2 pp. Errata." type="book chapter" year="1835">Macquart (1835)</bibRefCitation>
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considered the genera
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD686DAFA8C2A4BFA63" box="[654,820,1401,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD686DAFA8C2A4BFA63" box="[654,820,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6873AFA8C2A8DFA63" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[878,1010,1401,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6873AFA8C2A8DFA63" box="[878,1010,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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separately, each containing a species with reduced wings, he placed
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD685A6FA6B2BE7FA44" box="[498,664,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD685A6FA6B2BE7FA44" box="[498,664,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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after
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6868DFA6B2A22FA44" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[729,861,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6868DFA6B2A22FA44" box="[729,861,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E186059FF8CFFD68493FA342C15F97F" blockId="0.[151,1437,1149,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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Afterwards
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<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68504FA342889FA2B" author="Schiner" box="[336,502,1473,1497]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1862) Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der " Fauna austriaca ", mit einer naheren Begrundung der in derselben aufgenommenen neuen Dipteren-Gattungen. V [part]. Wiener entomologishe Monatsschriften, 6, 428 - 436." type="journal article" year="1862">Schiner (1862</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68652FA342B40FA2B" author="Schiner" box="[518,575,1473,1497]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1864) Fauna austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Mit der Characteristik sammtlicher europaischer Gattungen, der Beschreibung aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Arten und der Aufzahlung aller bisher beschriebenen europaischen Arten. II Theil [= 2], 4 + xxxii + 658 pp. Wien." type="book" year="1864">1864</bibRefCitation>
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) discussed the affinity of
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6872CFA342DCCFA2B" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[888,1203,1473,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6872CFA342DCCFA2B" box="[888,1203,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and concluded that
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD684C3FA1328B1FA0C" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[151,462,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD684C3FA1328B1FA0C" box="[151,462,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a fly known to him as
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD686A6FA132D21FA0F" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[754,1118,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD686A6FA132D7EFA0C" box="[754,1025,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
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Meigen
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</taxonomicName>
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and synonymized them. He assumed that Dufour had not seen the first segment of the antenna and wrongly had taken the arista as the third antennal segment. He repeated the generic synonymy in 1868 as well, using the corrected name
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6808FF9DB2997F99B" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmecomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6808FF9DB2CE3F9B4" box="[1243,1436,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmecomorpha</emphasis>
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Dufour
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</taxonomicName>
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(an unjustified emendation created by
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<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD686E2F9A42A08F99B" author="Blanchard" box="[694,887,1617,1641]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Blanchard, C. E. (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres, nevropteres, hemipteres, hymenopteres, lepidopteres et dipteres. Vol. III. In: de Laporte, F. L., Castelnau's Histoire naturelle des animaux articules. Annelides, crustaces, arachnides, myriapodes et insectes, Dumenil, Paris, 672 pp., 155 plates." type="book" year="1840">Blanchard, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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). Further unjustified and identical emendations were used by many later authors, mentioning the taxon wrongly also with Dufour, Agassiz or Corti as authors.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E186059FF8CFFD68493F96C2BFAF8EF" blockId="0.[151,1437,1149,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68493F96C2834F943" author="Lioy" box="[199,331,1689,1713]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Lioy, P. (1864) I ditteri distribuiti secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale (continuazione). Atti dell imperiale Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (Serie terza [= 3]) 9, 499 - 518, 569 - 604, 719 - 771, 879 - 910, 989 - 1027, 1087 - 1126, 1311 - 1352. Venezia." type="journal article" year="1864">Lioy (1864</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1317–8) did not repeat the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD68763F96C2D47F943" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[823,1080,1689,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD68763F96C2AA2F943" box="[823,989,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
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Dufour
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD68020F96C2C11F943" ID-CoL="632QV" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[1140,1390,1689,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD68020F96C2D87F943" box="[1140,1272,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera</emphasis>
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Macquart
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</taxonomicName>
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but included both separately in his family Heteromyziti, in which his subfamily Elachipterini is characterized by rudimentary wings. Lioy later (1895: 293) kept up this classification in his altered family-group taxon Elachipteri, subordered to his retained family Heteromyziti.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E186059FF8CFFD68493F8DC2AB3F897" blockId="0.[151,1437,1149,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68493F8DC2821F8B3" author="Bezzi" box="[199,350,1833,1857]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Bezzi, M. (1900) Sulla presenza del genere Chionea Dalman in Italia, e la riduzione delle ali nei ditteri Rendiconti Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Ser. 2, 33, 511 - 526. Milano." type="journal article" year="1900">Bezzi (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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in his review on the phenomenon of wing reduction in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD68052F8DC2D25F8B3" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[1030,1114,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD684C3F8BB2B5AF897" ID-CoL="8CYC7" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[151,549,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD684C3F8BB28B2F894" box="[151,461,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Myrmemorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6860FF8BB2AB3F897" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen." authorityName="Meigen." box="[603,972,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6860FF8BB2A17F894" box="[603,872,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8CFFD68493F8842BD6F807" blockId="0.[151,1437,1149,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The genus and species of Dufour were listed in the Palaearctic catalogue in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD68081F8842868F85F" ID-CoL="632QV" authority="Macquart, 1835" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD68081F8842C26F87B" box="[1237,1369,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68135F8872868F85F" author="Macquart" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Macquart, P. J. M. [Pierre Justin Marie, as M. = Monsieur)] (1835) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome deuxieme. In: Nouvelles suites a Buffon, formant, avec les oeuvres de cet auteur, un cours complet d'histoire naturelle. Collection accompagnee de Planches. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, iii + 710 pp., pls. 13 - 24 + 8 pp., 2 pp. Errata." type="book chapter" year="1835">Macquart, 1835</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8CFFD6851AF8622BD7F85F" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen, 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[334,680,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8CFFD6851AF8622890F85F" box="[334,495,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="44">E. brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD685AAF8602BDFF85F" author="Meigen" box="[510,672,1941,1965]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1830) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Sechster Theil. Schulzische Buchhandlung, Hamm, xi + 401 + [3] pp." type="journal article" year="1830">Meigen, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, correspondingly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD6872DF8602D2CF85F" author="Becker" box="[889,1107,1941,1965]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Becker, P. (1905) Cyclorrhapha Schizophora: Holometopa. In: Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Kertesz, K. & Stein, P.: Katalog der palaarktischen Dipteren. Vol. 4. Budapest, iii + 330 pp." type="book" year="1905">Becker et al., 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This catalogue repeated the synonymy which was already published (and later repeated) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68726F84C2D6AF823" author="Schiner" box="[882,1045,1977,2001]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1862) Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der " Fauna austriaca ", mit einer naheren Begrundung der in derselben aufgenommenen neuen Dipteren-Gattungen. V [part]. Wiener entomologishe Monatsschriften, 6, 428 - 436." type="journal article" year="1862">Schiner (1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 431; 1864: 231),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD680BCF84C287BF807" author="Neuhaus" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Neuhaus, G. H. (1886) Diptera marchica. Systematisches Verzeichnis der Zweiflugler (Mucken und Fliegen) der Mark Brandenburg mit kurzer Beschreibung und analytischen Bestimmungs-Tabellen. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 4 + xvi + 371 pp., Tafeln I - VI + 3 Holzschnitte." type="book" year="1886">Neuhaus (1886: 295, 304)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68544F82828A5F807" author="Gobert" box="[272,474,2013,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Gobert, E. (1887) Catalogue des Dipteres de France. Revue de Entomologie, 6, i + 88 pp. Caen." type="book" year="1887">Gobert (1887: 43)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8CFFD68644F8282BDAF807" author="Bezzi" box="[528,677,2013,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="44" refString="Bezzi, M. (1900) Sulla presenza del genere Chionea Dalman in Italia, e la riduzione delle ali nei ditteri Rendiconti Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, Ser. 2, 33, 511 - 526. Milano." type="journal article" year="1900">Bezzi (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8DFFD78493FF622AC6FE96" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD78493FF6228BAFF5D" author="Corti" box="[199,453,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Corti, E. (1909) Contributo alla conoscenza del gruppo della Crassisete in Italia (Ditteri). Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana, 40 (1908), 121 - 162. Firenze." type="journal article" year="1909">Corti (1909: 141, 145)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD786C1FF6D2A66FF42" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[661,793,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD786C1FF6D2A66FF42" box="[661,793,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7871DFF6D2AC0FF5D" box="[841,959,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Crassiseta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7871DFF6D2AC0FF5D" box="[841,959,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Crassiseta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
von Roser) and related genera considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784C3FF4928A2FF26" authority="Dufour, 1833" authorityName="Dufour" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,477,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD784C3FF492842FF26" box="[151,317,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD78511FF4928A2FF26" author="Dufour" box="[325,477,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Dufour, L. (1833) Description de quelques Insectes dipteres des genres Astomella, Xestomyza, Ploas, Anthrax, Bombilius, Dasypogon, Laphria, Sepedon et Myrmemorpha, observes en Espagne. Annales des Sciences naturelles 30, 209 - 221, pl. 12. Paris." type="journal article" year="1833">Dufour, 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7865AFF492B97FF26" box="[526,744,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmecomorpha—</emphasis>
|
||
following the emendation of Scudder’s “Nomenclator”) as a valid genus and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7851BFF152B4FFF05" ID-CoL="8CYC7" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[335,560,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7851BFF1528A7FF0A" box="[335,472,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD786A3FF152D0FFF05" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen. Corti (1910)" authorityName="Meigen. Corti" authorityYear="1910" box="[759,1136,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD786A3FF152A07FF0A" box="[759,888,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD787B0FF2A2D0FFF05" author="Corti" box="[996,1136,223,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Corti, E. (1910) Contributo alla conoscenza del gruppe delle " Crassisete " in Italia (Ditt.). 2 a nota. Lavori dell' Istituto di Zoologia della Reale Universita di Pavia, 1, 1 - 10, Tav. 1." type="journal article" year="1910">Corti (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a long and detailed discussion cited personal opinions of Enderlein and Kieffer that structures of the antenna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78091FEF02C07FEEE" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[1221,1400,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78091FEF02C07FEEE" box="[1221,1400,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">M. brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by Dufour are not similar to any species of Hymenoptera. Both his correspondents tended towards the considered synonymy of Dufour’s and Meigen’s brachypterous species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8DFFD78493FE852A28FD3E" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD78558FE9A28C4FE75" author="Becker" box="[268,443,367,391]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Becker, T. (1909 a) Myrmecomorpha Dufour (1833) und Elachiptera Macq. (1835). Wiener entomologische Zeitung, 28, 91 - 95." type="journal article" year="1909" yearSuffix="a">Becker (1909a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
devoted a special paper to the affinity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787F7FE852D36FE7A" box="[931,1097,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD787F7FE852D36FE7A" box="[931,1097,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD780D1FE852C76FE7A" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[1157,1289,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD780D1FE852C76FE7A" box="[1157,1289,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after Corti’s publication. His conclusion was that Schiner’s opinion on the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787A9FE612C14FE5E" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[1021,1387,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD787A9FE612C74FE5E" box="[1021,1291,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784C3FE4D2B3AFE3D" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[151,581,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmecomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD784C3FE4D2895FE22" box="[151,490,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmecomorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was wrong, and Dufour’s insect probably was a species of Hymenoptera. Neither Schiner nor Becker had seen Dufour’s specimen(s). Becker’s opinion does not agree with Dufour’s words “Je le pris au premier coup d’oel pour une fourmi ou un petit ichneumon aptère … la loupe vint éclaircir tous me doutes et m’apprendre qu’il appartenait à l’ordre des diptères”. Nonetheless Becker accepted the similarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784C3FDBD28B2FD92" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[151,461,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD784C3FDBD28B2FD92" box="[151,461,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78650FDBD2A6EFD92" ID-CoL="38WK9" box="[516,785,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78650FDBD2A6EFD92" box="[516,785,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concerning colour and size. Later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD780C1FDB22C49FDAD" author="Becker" box="[1173,1334,583,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Becker, T. (1910) Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. I. Teil. Palaarktische Region. Archivum zoologicum, 1 (10), 33 - 174, Tab. II - III. Budapest." type="journal article" year="1910">Becker (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
repeated his opinion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78500FD992B2AFD76" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[340,597,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78500FD992885FD76" box="[340,506,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not even belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787F0FD992A83FD76" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[932,1020,620,644]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD7805DFD992DB4FD76" author="Enderlein" box="[1033,1227,620,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Enderlein, G. (1911) Klassifikation der Oscinosominen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1911 (4), 185 - 244." type="journal article" year="1911">Enderlein (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD7808DFD992C15FD76" author="Duda" box="[1241,1386,620,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Duda, O. (1932) 61. Chloropidae [part] In: Lindner, E. (Ed). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, Lieferung 64, 6 (1). Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 48 pp." type="book" year="1932">Duda (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD784C3FD7A2850FD55" author="Seguy" box="[151,303,655,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Seguy, E. (1934) Dipteres (Brachyceres), Muscidae acalypterae et Scatophagidae. Faune de France 28, iii + 832 pp., plates i - xxvii. Paris." type="book" year="1934">Séguy (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD785D2FD652B53FD5A" box="[390,556,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD785D2FD652B53FD5A" box="[390,556,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7860FFD652A21FD55" authority="Corti" authorityName="Corti" box="[603,862,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmecomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7860FFD652A63FD5A" box="[603,796,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmecomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Corti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7806BFD652C47FD55" ID-CoL="632QV" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[1087,1336,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7806BFD652DBCFD5A" box="[1087,1219,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
Macquart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as Corti included in his genus only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78606FD402A28FD3E" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen." authorityName="Meigen." box="[594,855,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78606FD402B8DFD3E" box="[594,754,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">E. brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8DFFD78493FD2228DDFC56" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD78493FD2228FEFD1D" author="Sabrosky" box="[199,385,727,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1941) An annotated list of genotypes of the Chloropidae of the world (Diptera). Annals of the entomological Society of America, 34, 735 - 765." type="journal article" year="1941">Sabrosky (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD785A5FD2D2B8FFD1D" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[497,752,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD785A5FD2D2BE8FD02" box="[497,663,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his “An annotated list of genotypes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD780A7FD222C02FD1D" ID-CoL="864" box="[1267,1405,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the world …” as a doubtful genus citing the opinion of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD78759FD092ACDFCE6" author="Becker" box="[781,946,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Becker, T. (1910) Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. I. Teil. Palaarktische Region. Archivum zoologicum, 1 (10), 33 - 174, Tab. II - III. Budapest." type="journal article" year="1910">Becker (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD787E9FD092DCFFCE6" box="[957,1200,764,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Narchuk, E. P., Smirnov, E. S. & Fedoseeva, L. I. (1970). Chloropidae. In: Bey-Bienko, G. Ya. (Ed.), Opredelitel' nasekomykh Evrope i sko i chasti SSSR, 5 (2), 399 - 439 [in 1 - 800]. Nauka, Leningrad. (English translation 1989: 30. Order Diptera. 99. Family Chloropidae. In: Bei-Bienko, G. Ya. & G. Steyskal (Eds.), Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Vol. V, Diptera and Siphonaptera, Part II, pp. 667 - 731 [in xxii + 1505 pp.]). Amerind Publishing, New Delhi & E. J. Brill, Leiden and Kinderhook, NY." type="book chapter">Narchuk et al. (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD780A8FD08287DFCC5" authority="Corti" authorityName="Corti" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmecomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD780A8FD0829BEFCCA" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmecomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Corti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7858EFCD52AD8FCC5" ID-CoL="632QV" authority="Macquart. Andersson (1977)" authorityName="Macquart. Andersson" authorityYear="1977" box="[474,935,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7858EFCD52B21FCCA" box="[474,606,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
Macquart.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD7868AFCEA2AD8FCC5" author="Andersson" box="[734,935,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Andersson, H. (1977) Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chloropidae (Diptera) with special reference to Old World genera. Entomologica scandinavica Supplement, 8, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1977">Andersson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787A6FCD52C45FCC5" authority="Corti, 1909" authorityName="Corti" authorityYear="1909" box="[1010,1338,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmecomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD787A6FCD52DCCFCCA" box="[1010,1203,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmecomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD780EEFCEA2C45FCC5" author="Corti" box="[1210,1338,799,823]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Corti, E. (1909) Contributo alla conoscenza del gruppo della Crassisete in Italia (Ditteri). Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana, 40 (1908), 121 - 162. Firenze." type="journal article" year="1909">Corti, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784A6FCB128ABFCAE" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[242,468,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD784A6FCB1280BFCAE" box="[242,372,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD786F8FCB12A48FCAE" box="[684,823,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD786F8FCB12A4BFCAE" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[684,820,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elachiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In the Palaearctic catalogue
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD780D8FCB12C37FCAE" author="Nartshuk" box="[1164,1352,836,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Nartshuk, E. P. (1984) Family Chloropidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol. 10. Clusiidae - Chloropidae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 222 - 298." type="book" year="1984">Nartshuk (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784C3FC9D28E9FC8D" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[151,406,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD784C3FC9D2842FC72" box="[151,317,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in doubtful names.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD7862CFC922A4CFC8D" author="Sabrosky" box="[632,819,871,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Sabrosky, C. W. (1999) Family-group names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. Myia, 10, vii + 360 pp." type="book" year="1999">Sabrosky (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787DFFC9D2DF5FC8D" authority="Dufour" authorityName="Dufour" box="[907,1162,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD787DFFC9D2D4EFC72" box="[907,1073,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Dufour
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a questionable genus dubium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78544FC7928E1FC56" ID-CoL="864" box="[272,414,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8DFFD78493FC5A2827FA16" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The first author failed to find Dufour’s specimen(s) in Paris in the collection of Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. She asked Dr J. Roháček and Dr R.H.L. Disney on their opinion if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787AEFC212C4FFC1E" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[1018,1328,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD787AEFC212C4FFC1E" box="[1018,1328,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a wingless species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD785D4FC022B5AFBFD" ID-CoL="6H8" box="[384,549,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78604FC022BCBFBFD" ID-CoL="625YV" box="[592,692,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and received negative answers. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD780FBFC022C36FBFD" ID-CoL="G26" box="[1199,1353,1015,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scenopinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were mentioned by Dufour have another colour, usually black and white. By the way, Dufour distinctly wrote that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784C3FBB52842FBAA" box="[151,317,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD784C3FBB52842FBAA" box="[151,317,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD785E9FBB52B3CFBAA" box="[445,579,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">“muscides”</emphasis>
|
||
not far from the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78712FBB52AD2FBAA" box="[838,941,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78712FBB52AD6FBAA" ID-CoL="63CM2" box="[838,937,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Mosillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mosillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7878AFBB52D22FBA5" ID-CoL="643C7" box="[990,1117,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7878AFBB52D22FBA5" box="[990,1117,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Scenopinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to “tanystomes”. It is necessary to take in account that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7861EFB912BD5FB8E" ID-CoL="63CM2" box="[586,682,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Mosillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7861EFB912BD5FB8E" box="[586,682,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Mosillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787B8FB912D08FB8E" ID-CoL="864" box="[1004,1143,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD780F0FB912C38FB8E" author="Schiner" box="[1188,1351,1124,1148]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1864) Fauna austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Mit der Characteristik sammtlicher europaischer Gattungen, der Beschreibung aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Arten und der Aufzahlung aller bisher beschriebenen europaischen Arten. II Theil [= 2], 4 + xxxii + 658 pp. Wien." type="book" year="1864">Schiner (1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8DFFD78100FB912CEFFB8E" author="Schiner" box="[1364,1424,1124,1148]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1868) 1. Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band, 1. Abtheilung, B. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei (In Commission bei Karl Gerolds's Sohn), Wien, vi + 388 pp., 4 plates." type="book" year="1868">1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There exist only few European brachypterous fly species, size about 1 old French “ligne” (=
|
||
<quantity id="B95FCDBCFF8DFFD780BDFB722C1FFB6D" box="[1257,1376,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.256" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="2256.0">2.256 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and coloured like described by Dufour, firstly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7862DFB592A99FB36" ID-CoL="38WK9" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[633,998,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7862DFB592AF7FB36" box="[633,904,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78074FB5929A5FB15" ID-CoL="52RTH" authority="Haliday, 1837" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyzidae" genus="Stiphrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78074FB592C53FB36" box="[1056,1324,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Stiphrosoma sabulosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Haliday, 1837)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD784B2FB3A28F0FB15" ID-CoL="6H8" box="[230,399,1231,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The antennae of the latter species bear long distinct pubescence excluding this species from attempt at an interpretation. A further tiny brachypterous European chloropid (for example occurring abundantly on very dry SE Austrian hills, coll. von Tschirnhaus),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78746FAED2D81FADD" authority="Thalhammer, 1913" authorityName="Thalhammer" authorityYear="1913" box="[786,1278,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78746FAED2D76FAC2" box="[786,1033,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Tricimba brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
(Thalhammer, 1913)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and included until
|
||
<quantity id="B95FCDBCFF8DFFD78487FAC92856FAA6" box="[211,297,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
|
||
the synonymous genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78668FAC92A3FFAA6" ID-CoL="62NBL" authority="Sabrosky" authorityName="Sabrosky" box="[572,832,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Crassivenula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78668FAC92BAFFAA6" box="[572,720,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Crassivenula</emphasis>
|
||
Sabrosky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a certain colour variation: Light specimens in addition to their predominantly yellowish head and legs possess a lightened scutum with dark stripes. Also the partly swollen abdomen with its small dark or infuscated tergites within yellowish membranes appears predominantly light in such specimens. The species must be mentioned here to complete the possible range of species with a similar habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8DFFD48493FA1A2BC0FE96" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,1436]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The brachypterous polymorphic and tiny species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD787CDFA052C78F9F5" ID-CoL="7NQ5" authority="Loew, 1859" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1859" box="[921,1287,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD787CDFA052A98F9FA" box="[921,999,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
Loew, 1859 (Hybotidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be discussed, of which 11 species occur in Europe and two,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78756F9E02D44F9DE" ID-CoL="8F6GR" authority="Fallen, 1815" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1815" box="[770,1083,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78756F9E02AEDF9DE" box="[770,914,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">S. graminum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fallén, 1815)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78020F9E02CE7F9DE" ID-CoL="8F6GS" authority="Walker, 1851" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1851" box="[1140,1432,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78020F9E02D9BF9DE" box="[1140,1252,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">S. lunatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker, 1851)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are recorded from the mainland of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06B020C9FF8DFFD78678F9C22B13F9BD" box="[556,620,1591,1615]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Carles-Tolrá, 2002), where Briviesca (Castil), the locus typicus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78129F9CC285FF986" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Tricimba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78129F9CC285FF986" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">M. brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is located. The reason is that their antenna nearly exactly corresponds to figure 8 on the plate accompanying Dufour’s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7865CF9752BD1F96A" box="[520,686,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD7865CF9752BD1F96A" box="[520,686,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78689F9752A54F96A" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[733,811,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78689F9752A54F96A" box="[733,811,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. the first article is so short and hidden that it could not have been detected by Dufour through his magnifying lens. Thus, all former discussions in the literature on the so-called three-segmented antenna including the arista were superfluous. The second article (pedicel) is nearly ball like and bigger than the third one (1st flagellomere). It surrounds cap-like the basis of the 1st flagellomere. The arista inserts only slightly above the tip (supraapical) of the flagellomere and it is directed, alife, forwards and oblique outwards and slightly downwards (in Dufour’s fig. 8 it inserts at the very tip). All these details have never been discussed in the long disputes of the authors and correspondents mentioned above. Dufour correctly figured another antenna of a typical member of the Acalyptratae, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78778F8892D6CF866" ID-CoL="6YGBC" box="[812,1043,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" genus="Sepedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8DFFD78778F8892D6CF866" box="[812,1043,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Sepedon ferrugineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD7807BF8892DB9F866" ID-CoL="G45" box="[1071,1222,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Sciomyzidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciomyzidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which shows that he was experienced in recognizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78674F8552B07F84A" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[544,632,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He says that the use of his lens dispelled all his doubts if it was a member of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8DFFD78518F83128DBF82E" ID-CoL="D2P" box="[332,420,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. His funny report on his insect collecting during his dangerous military service focused on the “singularité” of this antenna, he knew “no genus in the long series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD4879BFF622D41FF5D" ID-CoL="CZP" box="[975,1086,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” [translated from French] with such a configuration. A further interesting detail never was discussed: Dufour characterized the fly as “il courait avec assez d’agilité et sautillait parfois” (it ran very agil and sometimes it jumped). Just this behaviour “moving running or jumping” (“… bewegten sich laufend oder hüpfend”) was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8EFFD4803EFEF02D86FEEE" author="Joost" box="[1130,1273,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Joost, W. (1991) Fund von Stilpon graminum (Fallen, 1815) (Diptera, Empididae) im NSG Serrahn (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 35 (2), 137. Dresden." type="journal article" year="1991">Joost (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and was also observed by the second author in a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48615FEDD2AC7FECD" ID-CoL="8F6GR" authority="Fallen, 1815" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1815" box="[577,952,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48615FEDD2A73FEB2" box="[577,780,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon graminum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fallén, 1815)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
population feeding on Collembola on the ground of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD4854BFEB8281CFE96" ID-CoL="8VRHY" box="[287,355,333,356]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD4854BFEB8281CFE96" box="[287,355,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Carex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
swamp in Bielefeld,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06B020C9FF8EFFD48605FEB92BC4FE96" box="[593,699,332,356]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8EFFD48493FE9A2CEAFDCE" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Contradicting details in Dufour’s description are [as translated]: 1) “Head plane like
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD480E5FE852CE3FE7A" box="[1201,1436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD480E5FE852CF1FE7A" box="[1201,1422,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planifrons">Oscinis planifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
”;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD484C3FE602B70FE5E" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,527,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD484C3FE602825FE5E" box="[151,346,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Musca planifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1798
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48701FE612D4AFE5E" ID-CoL="87JYC" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[853,1077,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Platycephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48701FE612A96FE5E" box="[853,1001,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Platycephala</emphasis>
|
||
Fallén
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the year 1820 and it is one of the largest European species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48656FE422BF2FE3D" ID-CoL="864" box="[514,653,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a punctured and completely different frons than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD480A3FE4D2C3AFE22" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[1271,1349,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD480A3FE4D2C3AFE22" box="[1271,1349,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD484C3FE2928DCFE06" ID-CoL="38WK9" box="[151,419,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD484C3FE2928DCFE06" box="[151,419,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Contrary, the frons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD486F3FE292B8AFE06" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[679,757,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD486F3FE292B8AFE06" box="[679,757,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. are narrow, slightly dusted but still shining; because the head is ovoid the frons is not outspread in a peculiar plain. 2) Length “
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD487F2FDF52D77FDEA" box="[934,1032,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">1 lig[ne]</emphasis>
|
||
” =
|
||
<quantity id="B95FCDBCFF8EFFD48065FE0A2DDAFDE5" box="[1073,1189,511,535]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.256" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2256.0">2.256 mm</quantity>
|
||
, contrary,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD4814DFDF52C18FDEA" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[1305,1383,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD4814DFDF52C18FDEA" box="[1305,1383,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. measure only 0.8 up to 1.6 mm, but Dufour’s measuring during military service could have been only an estimate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8EFFD48493FDB22DC1FC8D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Dufour’s description
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD485EFFDBD2CE3FD92" box="[443,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">“Rufa, nitida, scutello abdomineque nigrescentibus; alis abdomine triplo brevioribus”</emphasis>
|
||
corresponds well with the shining red-brown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD486C1FD982A48FD76" ID-CoL="38WK9" box="[661,823,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD486C1FD982A48FD76" box="[661,823,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">E. brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its darker hind parts (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="E69C7CDCFF8EFFD48092FD992C75FD76" box="[1222,1290,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[259,1328,195,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[259,1328,195,1555]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9 — Elachiptera brevipennis (Meigen), alife photographed; above: 23. ix. 2007, Arnschwang (Germany, Bavaria) by Ingrid Altmann (Furth im Wald, Germany); below: 1. v. 2008, Dwarsgracht (The Netherlands) by Joke van Erkelens (Giethoorn, The Netherlands)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208513/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
, this article). Dufour’s figure of the antenna corresponds relatively well with a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD487DCFD652AA9FD5A" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[904,982,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD487DCFD652AA9FD5A" box="[904,982,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Both species occur together in one habitat (caught together by the second author). Dufour said that [translated] “the tussocks were populated by myriads of small insects”. We must assume that the author mixed up both species for his description. The appropriate Latin description is here accepted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD4862DFD082A62FCE6" ID-CoL="38WK9" box="[633,797,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD4862DFD082A62FCE6" box="[633,797,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">E. brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the more or less correct figure for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48082FD092C5BFCE6" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[1238,1316,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48082FD092C5BFCE6" box="[1238,1316,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is neglected here, as well the jumping behaviour. In the nature the first author observed small jumps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD480A1FCD42CEAFCCA" ID-CoL="38WK9" box="[1269,1429,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD480A1FCD42CEAFCCA" box="[1269,1429,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">E. brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, too.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06B020C9FF8EFFD4849CFCB12998FCAE" box="[200,231,836,860]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48576FCB1280EFCAE" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[290,369,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48576FCB1280EFCAE" box="[290,369,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. are jumping we have a cast iron proof that Dufour’s observed insects could belong as well to the chloropid as to the hybotid species. These results clarify all published doubts of the past.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8EFFD48493FC792BF9FBC6" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The puzzling last sentences of Dufour, comparing his new genus with the dissimilar genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48148FC782842FC35" ID-CoL="643C7" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48148FC782CE3FC56" box="[1308,1436,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Scenopinus</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille, 1802
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can now be intepreted better, presuming that also a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD487D9FC452AA4FC3A" ID-CoL="7NQ5" box="[909,987,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stilpon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD487D9FC452AA4FC3A" box="[909,987,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Stilpon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species must have been included in his material. He correctly placed one of his mixed up fly species in a group of more basic "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD480D6FC212D8AFC1E" ID-CoL="CZP" box="[1154,1269,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
", nearer to the more plesiomorphic genus
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48591FC0D2B33FBFD" box="[453,588,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48591FC0D2B37FBFD" ID-CoL="643C7" box="[453,584,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Scenopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scenopinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This genus also possesses slightly shortened wings and a rudimentary arista arising from the tip of the first flagellomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8EFFD48493FBB528E2FB36" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06B020C9FF8EFFD48493FBB52999FBAA" box="[199,230,1088,1112]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
the older name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD485CFFBB52B3EFBAA" box="[411,577,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD485CFFBB52B3EFBAA" box="[411,577,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Myrmemorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its emendations had not been used (except in catalogues and lists) since
|
||
<quantity id="B95FCDBCFF8EFFD484C3FB912993FB8E" box="[151,236,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82346" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="in" value="1899.0">1899 in</quantity>
|
||
at least 25 works published by at least 10 authors in the last 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years this case is excluded by the ICZN, articles 23.9.1, 23.9.2, and 23.9.3, from involving the Commission. It is not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E186059FF8EFFD48493FB252861FA6E" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
We compare the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD48663FB252A0EFB1A" ID-CoL="8CYC7" box="[567,881,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Myrmemorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD48663FB252A0EFB1A" box="[567,881,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Myrmemorpha brachyptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD4800CFB252C16FB1A" ID-CoL="38WK9" box="[1112,1385,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD4800CFB252C16FB1A" box="[1112,1385,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Elachiptera brevipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and agree with Schiner that Dufour wrongly interpreted the arista as the third segment of the antenna. Therefore we consider these species as being synonyms. We add all other synonyms and their misspellings and emendations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD484C3FAC92864FAA6" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[151,283,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD484C3FAC92864FAA6" box="[151,283,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, too. The six generic synonyms in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A361DA8FF8EFFD486E5FAC92A22FAA6" author="Cherian" box="[689,861,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Cherian, P. T. (1975) Indian species of Elachiptera (Diptera: Chloropidae). Oriental Insects, 9 (1), 9 - 21. New Delhi." type="journal article" year="1975">Cherian (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are repeated opinions or errors from the literature and they are not discussed and partly not accepted here. A formal listing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A71BDAFF8EFFD487ADFA952D02FA8A" ID-CoL="632QV" box="[1017,1149,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4CD3BC4BFF8EFFD487ADFA952D02FA8A" box="[1017,1149,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Elachiptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its synonyms is presented here:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |