treatments-xml/data/91/BA/7A/91BA7A9E991D15744508F2821A542A3C.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8bb2551-5642-42ba-8db9-2124a2cbaf2f" ID-PMC="PMC6215024" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-110-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D2749B32DE0747413209FF8A2A67FF98" ID-PubMed="30402035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1477148" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-110-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 110" ModsDocTitle="Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia" checkinTime="1555330615872" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gateble, Gildas &amp; Munzinger, Jerome" docDate="2018" docId="91BA7A9E991D15744508F2821A542A3C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 110: 1-8" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 110" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599" docTitle="Acropogon horarius Gateble &amp; Munzinger 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="D2749B32DE0747413209FF8A2A67FF98" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="D2749B32DE0747413209FF8A2A67FF98" masterDocTitle="Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668139056080" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gateble, Gildas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Munzinger, Jerome</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>110</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>8</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-110-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D2749B32DE0747413209FF8A2A67FF98</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1477148</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201320" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91BA7A9E991D15744508F2821A542A3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91BA7A9E991D15744508F2821A542A3C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName LSID="442FCA2B-153B-5B87-835B-8CF9517CBAFC" authority="Gâteblé &amp; Munzinger" authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius" status="sp. nov.">
Acropogon horarius 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
&amp; Munzinger
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Acropogon horarius Gateble &amp; Munzinger sp. nov. A flowering branch B inflorescence and a zoom on stellate trichomes of the flower tube C female flower D male flower E infructescence F detail of erect stellate trichomes on the follicle's surface G detail of an open follicle H close-up of the abaxial leaf reticulum. Drawings by Laurence Ramon (A-H Gateble et al. 806)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/238262" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Acropogon horarius Gateble &amp; Munzinger sp. nov. A overview of a single mature shrub in habitat B juvenile plant C leaf D flowering branch E inflorescence F male flower G female flower H follicles. Photographs by G. Gateble (A Gateble et al. 803 B Gateble et al. 804 C-H Gateble et al. 806)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/238263" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">, 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
&amp; Munzinger differs from all other members of the genus by the combination of its long and thin petioles, hastate and cordate leaves and minute sessile tubular whitish-yellowish flowers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
New Caledonia. Province Sud: Thio, Col de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petchécara">Petchecara</normalizedToken>
, route 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
horaire, 200 m alt., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.01" value="-21.57806">21°34'41.01&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="22.41" value="166.1229">166°07'22.41&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 25 Aug 2016, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ounémoa">Ounemoa</normalizedToken>
, M. Moenteapo &amp; E. Poitchili 806
</emphasis>
(holotype: P00722668; isotypes: K, MPU311373, NOU088956, P00722670).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1477178" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/238262" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
&amp; Munzinger sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
inflorescence and a zoom on stellate trichomes of the flower tube 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
female flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
male flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
infructescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">F</emphasis>
detail of erect stellate trichomes on the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="follicle’s">follicle's</normalizedToken>
surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G</emphasis>
detail of an open follicle 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H</emphasis>
close-up of the abaxial leaf reticulum. Drawings by Laurence Ramon (
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. 806
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Monoecious shrub to small tree up to 6 m tall, sparsely branched with usually a main trunk less than 7 cm in d.b.h.; bark brown, with conspicuous scars left by the caducous cataphylls and sometimes petioles of upper leaves subtending the terminal bud. Leaves clustered at the apex of branches on adult plants, branches 4-5 mm in diameter; petioles light green to yellow (greyish to orange in herbarium material), strongly different in colour than the branch, glabrous, (6.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)9.0–12.0(–">-)9.0-12.0(-</normalizedToken>
15.5) cm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, elliptical in cross section (in vivo), slightly striate (in herbarium material), enlarged (3-4 mm) proximally and distally, the pulvini slightly pruinose (in vivo); blades simple, coriaceous, flat, slightly discolorous, glabrous on both surfaces, unlobed to slightly hastate on juvenile plants (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. 804
</emphasis>
), rarely unlobed to strongly trilobed or 
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">hastate</pageBreakToken>
on adult plants, (10.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)12.5–15.0(–">-)12.5-15.0(-</normalizedToken>
16.0) cm long, (6.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)11.5–18.0(–">-)11.5-18.0(-</normalizedToken>
23.5) mm wide, base cordate (rarely truncate), apex of the lobes broadly acute to rounded; generally with 3 strong primary palmate veins, primary and secondary veins prominent abaxially, conspicuously different in colour (yellow-orange in herbarium material and light green to yellowish in vivo) than the blade, reticulum visible abaxially (and adaxially in herb.), secondary veins 2-5 pair; tertiary and quaternary veins finely reticulate with scattered crateriform glands 25-35 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Inflorescence a reduced spike-like raceme, axillary within, above or just below the terminal cluster of leaves, up to 3.5 cm long, 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter, axes greenish-yellowish, covered with a dense rust-brown indumentum composed of minute stellate trichomes ca. 90 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
x 90 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, bracts covered with rust-brown tomentum adaxially. Pedicels minute. Male and female flowers seemingly randomly distributed within the inflorescence, solitary, of the same size. Calyx tubular, 4-5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm in diameter, yellowish and with scattered rust-brown stellate trichomes outside, whitish and glabrous inside, lobes 5, triangular, 1-1.5 mm long, ending in an apical appendage 0.5-1 mm long, interior margins of the lobes and appendages covered with papillose glandular trichomes 35-55 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long, 15-20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter. Male flowers: androecium ca. 4 mm long; androphore tubular, ca. 2 mm long, 0.7-1 mm in diameter, with a few scattered glands; stamens 6-8, ca. 1.7 mm long, inserted at apex of androphore; anther dehiscence longitudinal, extrorse. Female flowers: gynophore ovoid, ca. 1 mm in diameter, with a few scattered glands; staminodes 5-7, composed of sessile, sterile anthers, ca. 1.3 mm long, inserted at the base of the gynophore; ovary ovoid, 1.5-2 mm in diameter, with 3-4 carpels, covered by a dense indumentum of stellate trichomes; style ca. 1 mm long, with scattered stellate trichomes; stigmas 3 or 4 ovoid, 0.4-0.5 mm long. Infructescence 7-12 cm wide, borne on a peduncle 0.5-3 cm long, 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter. Fruit comprising 1-4 follicle(s), each borne on a pedicel 0.5-0.8 cm long, 0.2-0.3 cm in diameter at maturity, green and turning greenish-yellow towards maturity, covered by sparse, erect, stellate trichomes, each follicle ellipsoid to ovoid, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, with a woody pericarp ca. 0.2 cm thick in dry material (ca. 0.3 cm in alcohol), apex apiculate. Seeds 4-6 per locule, ellipsoid, white when immature, light brown to black at maturity, 10-12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-6 mm in diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The new species is only known from the south-eastern part of the Grande-Terre, at the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petchécara">Petchecara</normalizedToken>
Pass between Thio and Canala (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution of Acropogon horarius Gateble &amp; Munzinger sp. nov. mapped on the geological (A) and soil (B) GIS layers of the Petchecara Pass. Insert A, geology from Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (2018): Λ 1, serpentinites; Δ, amphibolites; B 1, undifferentiated poly-metamorphic substrate; βP 1, undifferentiated basalts and dolerites; Fyz, recent and extant alluvial; Li, listwanites. Insert B, soils from Fritsch (2012): 3 d, haplic cambisol combined with lithic leptosol on peridotites; 3 e, ferralic cambisol combined with haplic ferralsol on volcano-sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; 5 b, posic ferralsol on peridotites." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/238261" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</figureCitation>
), where it grows on slopes in rainforest on a soil of complex geological origin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="cultivation note">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cultivation note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Young plantlets of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are fairly easy to grow in nursery conditions. Shrubs have been grown in a private nursery (Eriaxis nursery) and at the research station of Institut Agronomique 
<normalizedToken originalValue="néo-Calédonien">neo-Caledonien</normalizedToken>
located in Saint-Louis, Mont-Dore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The plant is named after the last of New 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caledonia’s">Caledonia's</normalizedToken>
scheduled roads or &quot;route 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
horaire&quot; along which it grows.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1477180" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/238263" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
&amp; Munzinger sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
overview of a single mature shrub in habitat 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B</emphasis>
juvenile plant 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C</emphasis>
leaf 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D</emphasis>
flowering branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E</emphasis>
inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F</emphasis>
male flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G</emphasis>
female flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H</emphasis>
follicles. Photographs by G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. 803
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. 804
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C-H</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. 806
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
With its hastate and cordate leaves and its long and thin petioles, its minute sessile tubular whitish-yellowish flowers, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be confused with any other member of this endemic genus. In fact, the morphological characters of its inflorescence [reduced spike-like raceme of solitary (sub)sessile flowers versus true racemes and panicles in other species] and flowers (tubular versus 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">cup</pageBreakToken>
shaped in the other taxa) appear to be unique in the genus. A phylogenetic study would be worthwhile to determine whether 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. horarius" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a distinct clade within the genus. The very slow development of the inflorescence axis (or brachy 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">blast</pageBreakToken>
), which takes several months, is also unusual as it appears to produce flowers sequentially throughout its growth, perhaps until there is a successful fruit set or until the axis becomes too long (3.5 cm) to produce more flowers, as opposed to the 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">much</pageBreakToken>
more nearly synchronous flowering in all other species. The combination of a prolonged duration of flowering and the unusual morphology of the minute tubular flowers suggests that the breeding mechanism in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. horarius" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be different from that of other members of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IRD-Congres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie, Marseille-Noumea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" publicationUrl="http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red LIst Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red LIst Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from only two very small subpopulations on both sides of the road from Thio to Canala and distant from each other by less than 300 m. In the upper subpopulation, about 10 mature individuals were seen whereas only 5 were recorded in the lower subpopulation. During fieldwork, invasive deer (
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Rusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusa timorensis" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rusa timorensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were observed in the area and regeneration on the dry forest floor of the upper population is very poor. Deer do not seem to graze the leaves of this 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acropogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the habitat is threatened by erosion and reduced regeneration. The lower subpopulation does not seem to be as badly impacted by deer as regeneration is better there, erosion is lower and the forest floor is more moist. However, in the lower subpopulation some rat predation of immature fruits and seeds was observed directly on the trees (see predation marks on fruits of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
et al. 805
</emphasis>
) and black rat (
<taxonomicName authority="rattus" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rattus rattus" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rattus rattus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) predation of fruits was recently reported to be a threat for most 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acropogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.2" author="Munzinger, J" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="183 - 190" refId="B11" refString="Munzinger, J, Gateble, G, 2017. Novitates neocaledonicae VI: Acropogon mesophilus (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), a rare and threatened new species from the mesic forest of New Caledonia. Phytotaxa 307 (3): 183 - 190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.2" title="Novitates neocaledonicae VI: Acropogon mesophilus (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), a rare and threatened new species from the mesic forest of New Caledonia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.2" volume="307" year="2017">
Munzinger and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Inasmuch as the two subpopulations are so close to each other, they can be considered as a single location with respect to the main threat (deer). With an EOO and AOO respectively much smaller than 100 km2 and 10 km2 and with a projected decline in habitat quality, number of subpopulations and mature trees, the species qualifies as Critically Endangered for the IUCN criterion B. Additionally, given that fewer than 50 mature individuals are known, this 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acropogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also qualifies as CR under criterion C and also under criterion D when combined with a predicted decline in the number of mature individuals. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gateble &amp; Munzinger" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Acropogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acropogon horarius" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horarius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Acropogon horarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore assigned a preliminary status of Critically Endangered, CR B1ab(iii,iv,v)+2ab(iii,iv,v), C1+2a(i), D, based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IRD-Congres de la Nouvelle-Caledonie, Marseille-Noumea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" publicationUrl="http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B5" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red LIst Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red LIst Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucn.org/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
NEW CALEDONIA. Province Sud: Thio, Col de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petchécara">Petchecara</normalizedToken>
, route 
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
horaire, 200 m alt., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.01" value="-21.57806">21°34'41.01&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="22.41" value="166.1229">166°07'22.41&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 25 Aug 2016, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ounémoa">Ounemoa</normalizedToken>
, M. Moenteapo &amp; E. Poitchili 805
</emphasis>
(MPU311374, NOU088958, P00722669), Ibid., 270 m alt., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-21.576668">21°34'36&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="166.12445">166°07'28&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 25 Aug 2016, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ounémoa">Ounemoa</normalizedToken>
, M. Moenteapo &amp; E. Poitchili 804
</emphasis>
(NOU088959, P00722672), Ibid., 25 Aug 2016, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
, J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ounémoa">Ounemoa</normalizedToken>
, M. Moenteapo &amp; E. Poitchili 803
</emphasis>
(K, MEL, MPU311375, NOU088960, P00722671), Ibid., 200 m alt., 
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.01" value="-21.57806">21°34'41.01&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="166" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="22.41" value="166.1229">166°07'22.41&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Aug2017, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gâteblé">Gateble</normalizedToken>
&amp; J. Taramoin 981
</emphasis>
(MO, MPU311376, NOU088957, P00722674).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>