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<document ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-algologie2022v43a10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cfd2fae7-72ba-4fef-9a8e-64d1203a7793" ID-ISSN="1776-0992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7819378" checkinTime="1681242958830" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jüttner, Ingrid, Hamilton, Paul B., Wetzel, Carlos E., De, Bart Van, Vijver, King, Lydia, Kelly, Martyn G., Williams, David M. &amp; Ector, Luc" docDate="2022" docId="3B1887D1FF9CFFEEFCEC87DBFB93FAD8" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieAlgologie.43.10.147-176.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (10)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308:CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308" docStyleName="CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docTitle="Achnanthidium caledonicum Lange-Bert. (Lange-Bertalot 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="C721FFA9FF9BFFE6FFAE8328FFCAFFF5" masterDocTitle="A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1681243577061" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title>A study of the morphology and distribution of four Achnanthidium Kütz. species (Bacillariophyta), implications for ecological status assessment, and description of two new European species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jüttner, Ingrid</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Amgueddfa Cymru - Museum Wales, Department of Natural Sciences, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF 10 3 NP (United Kingdom) ingrid. juettner @ museumwales. ac. uk (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hamilton, Paul B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Canadian Museum of Nature, Research Division, Ottawa, ON, K 1 P 6 P 4 (Canada) phamilton @ nature. ca</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">phamilton@nature.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux (Luxembourg) carlos. wetzel @ list. lu</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wetzel@list.lu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>De, Bart Van</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Research Department, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise and University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk bart. vandevijver @ plantentuinmeise</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vijver</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Belgium) ECOSPHERE, (Belgium). be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>King, Lydia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Limnologie-Phykologie-Diatomologie, Basler Landstr. 54, 79111 Freiburg (Germany) brachysira @ live. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">brachysira@live.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kelly, Martyn G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Bowburn Consultancy, 11 Monteigne Drive, Bowburn, Durham, DH 6 5 QB (United Kingdom) and School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG 7 2 RD (United Kingdom) mgkelly @ bowburn-consultancy. co. uk</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Williams, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, SW 7 5 BD (United Kingdom) d. m. williams @ nhm. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">williams@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux (Luxembourg) In memory of our friend and colleague Luc Ector (1962 - 2022)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Cryptogamie, Bryologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-10-04</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7819382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7819382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B1887D1FF9CFFEEFCEC87DBFB93FAD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B1887D1FF9CFFEEFCEC87DBFB93FAD8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[834,1435,1267,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="7.[834,1435,1267,1294]" box="[834,1435,1267,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
<heading box="[834,1435,1267,1294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" reason="4">
<taxonomicName authority="(Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert." authorityName="Lange-Bert. (Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Lange-Bert." box="[834,1435,1267,1294]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="caledonicum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[834,1148,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthidium caledonicum</emphasis>
(Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="7.[1081,1187,1299,1326]" box="[1081,1187,1299,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
<heading box="[1081,1187,1299,1326]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" reason="3">
(
<figureCitation box="[1088,1178,1299,1326]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[132,143,1134,1152]" captionStartId-1="9.[132,143,1599,1617]" captionStartId-2="10.[132,143,1086,1104]" captionTargetBox-0="[131,1457,214,1090]" captionTargetBox-1="[132,1455,215,1554]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,1041]" captionTargetId-0="figure-387@8.[698,1267,214,740]" captionTargetId-1="figure-192@9.[698,1267,787,1363]" captionTargetId-2="figure-422@10.[698,1267,213,765]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIG. 2. — A-H, Achnanthes microcephala f. scotica J.R.Carter,type from Ardislaigh Lochan,Scotland;I-AN, Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.; I-S, specimens from Lochan na Ba Ruaidhe, West Sutherland, Scotland; T-Y, specimens from Vilsalpsee, Austria; Z-AG, specimens from Brunnsee, Germany; AH-AN, specimens from Plansee, Austria; A-F, K-X, AA-AN, LM views of valves; G-J, Y, Z, LM views of frustules in girdle view. Scale bar: 10 µm." captionText-1="FIG. 3. — Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.:A-B, specimens from Brunnsee,Germany; C-F, specimens from Scotland,2012,44sto;A, SEM external view of whole raphe valve and rapheless valve; B, SEM external view of whole raphe valve, mantle and girdle bands at pole; C, SEM external view of valve centre of raphe valve; D, SEM external view of valve centre of rapheless valve; E, SEM external view of pole of raphe valve; F, SEM external view of pole of rapheless valve. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, 5 µm; C-F, 3 µm." captionText-2="FIG. 4. — Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.:A, C, specimens from Brunnsee,Germany;B, D, specimens from Scotland,2012,44sto; A, SEM external view of frustule in girdle view and valve face of rapheless valve; B, SEM external view of pole in girdle view and valve mantle; C, SEM internal view of whole raphe valve; D, SEM internal view of valve centre of raphe valve. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, D, 3 µm; C, 5 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7819384" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7819386" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7819390" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7819384/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7819386/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7819390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Figs 2-4</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[810,1456,1356,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis box="[835,1092,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Iconographia Diatomologica</emphasis>
6: 270-283 (Lange-Bertalot 1999). — 
<taxonomicName authority="J. R. Carter" authorityName="J. R. Carter (Carter &amp; Bailey-Watts" authorityYear="1981" box="[813,1251,1383,1407]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" form="scotica" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="form" species="microcephala">
<emphasis box="[813,1051,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthes microcephala</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis box="[1083,1143,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">scotica</emphasis>
J.R.Carter
</taxonomicName>
in Carter &amp; Bailey- Watts, 
<emphasis box="[879,1025,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Nova Hedwigia</emphasis>
33: 534, pl. 1, fig. 31 (Carter &amp; Bailey-Watts 1981). — 
<taxonomicName authority="(J. R. Carter)" baseAuthorityName="J. R. Carter" box="[919,1381,1436,1460]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="minutissima" variety="scotica">
<emphasis box="[919,1148,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthes minutissima</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis box="[1197,1257,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">scotica</emphasis>
(J.R.Carter)
</taxonomicName>
Lange- Bert.in Lange-Bertalot &amp; Krammer, 
<emphasis box="[1144,1373,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Bibliotheca Diatomologica</emphasis>
18: 106, pl. 55, figs 4-12, pl. 57, fig. 11, pl. 67, figs 35-56 (Lange-Bertalot &amp; Krammer 1989). — 
<taxonomicName authority="(J. R. Carter) Lange-Bert., Bibliotheca Diatomologica" authorityName="Lange-Bert., Bibliotheca Diatomologica" baseAuthorityName="J. R. Carter" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="scotica">
<emphasis box="[1024,1200,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthes scotica</emphasis>
(J.R.Carter) Lange-Bert., 
<emphasis box="[814,1061,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Bibliotheca Diatomologica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
27: 8 (Lange-Bertalot 1993), 
<emphasis box="[1351,1450,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">nom. illeg.</emphasis>
, non 
<taxonomicName authority="Flower &amp; V. J. Jones, Diatom" authorityName="Flower &amp; V. J. Jones, Diatom" box="[861,1339,1568,1592]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="scotica">
<emphasis box="[861,1042,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthes scotica</emphasis>
Flower &amp; V.J.Jones, 
<emphasis box="[1264,1339,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Diatom</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1348,1429,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Research</emphasis>
4: 228, figs 1-7, 42-53 (
<bibRefCitation author="FLOWER R. J. &amp; JONES V. J." box="[1032,1248,1594,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" pagination="227 - 239" refId="ref16021" refString="FLOWER R. J. &amp; JONES V. J. 1989. - Taxonomic descriptions and occurrences of new Achnanthes taxa in acid lakes in the U. K. Diatom Research 4 (2): 227 - 239 https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269 249 X. 1989.9705072" type="journal article" year="1989">Flower &amp; Jones 1989</bibRefCitation>
). — 
<taxonomicName authority="(J. R. Carter) H. Cremer" authorityName="H. Cremer" baseAuthorityName="J. R. Carter" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="minutissimum" variety="scoticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthidium minutissimum</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis box="[1001,1081,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">scoticum</emphasis>
(J.R.Carter) H.Cremer
</taxonomicName>
in Cremer &amp; Wagner, 
<emphasis box="[906,1039,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Polar Biology</emphasis>
26: 108 (
<bibRefCitation author="CREMER H. &amp; WAGNER B." box="[1148,1405,1648,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref15692" refString="CREMER H. &amp; WAGNER B. 2003. - The diatom flora in the ultraoligotrophic Lake El'gygytgyn, Chukotka. Polar Biology 26: 105 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 002 - 0445 - 0" type="journal article" year="2003">Cremer &amp; Wagner 2003</bibRefCitation>
). — Basionym: 
<taxonomicName authority="Lange-Bert." authorityName="Lange-Bert." box="[922,1253,1674,1698]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="caledonica">
<emphasis box="[922,1131,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Achnanthes caledonica</emphasis>
Lange-Bert.
</taxonomicName>
in Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser, 
<emphasis box="[885,1132,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Bibliotheca Diatomologica</emphasis>
29: 95 (Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser 1994).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[813,957,1810,1836]" box="[813,957,1810,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
<heading box="[813,957,1810,1836]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" reason="5">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[811,1457,1842,2028]" box="[813,1001,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
<heading box="[813,1001,1842,1868]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="152" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[813,1001,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">
LM (
<figureCitation box="[868,929,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1134,1152]" captionTargetBox="[131,1457,214,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-387@8.[698,1267,214,740]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-H, Achnanthes microcephala f. scotica J.R.Carter,type from Ardislaigh Lochan,Scotland;I-AN, Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.; I-S, specimens from Lochan na Ba Ruaidhe, West Sutherland, Scotland; T-Y, specimens from Vilsalpsee, Austria; Z-AG, specimens from Brunnsee, Germany; AH-AN, specimens from Plansee, Austria; A-F, K-X, AA-AN, LM views of valves; G-J, Y, Z, LM views of frustules in girdle view. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7819384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7819384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-AN)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[811,1457,1842,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="152">Frustules moderately arched, with convex rapheless valves, concave raphe valves, and recurved poles. Valves linear with large, subcapitate to capitate poles, the latter sometimes wider than the maximum valve width at valve centre. Valve margins tapering slightly towards a small constriction before poles. At</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[132,1457,1133,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">
FIG. 2. — 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[209,243,1134,1152]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">A -H</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="J. R. Carter" authorityName="J. R. Carter (Carter &amp; Bailey-Watts" authorityYear="1981" box="[252,631,1133,1152]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthaceae" form="scotica" genus="Achnanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="153" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="form" species="microcephala">
<emphasis box="[252,464,1134,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">Achnanthes microcephala</emphasis>
f. 
<emphasis box="[482,541,1134,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">scotica</emphasis>
J.R.Carter
</taxonomicName>
,type from Ardislaigh Lochan,Scotland; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[955,994,1134,1152]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">I -AN</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert." authorityName="Lange-Bert. (Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Lange-Bert." box="[1003,1455,1134,1152]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="8" pageNumber="153" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="caledonicum">
<emphasis box="[1003,1237,1134,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">Achnanthidium caledonicum</emphasis>
(Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,157,1156,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">I -S</emphasis>
, specimens from Lochan na Ba Ruaidhe, West Sutherland, Scotland; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[743,773,1156,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">T -Y</emphasis>
, specimens from Vilsalpsee, Austria; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1087,1133,1156,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">Z -AG</emphasis>
, specimens from Brunnsee, Germany; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,193,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">AH -AN</emphasis>
, specimens from Plansee, Austria; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[487,518,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">A -F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[528,561,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">K -X</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[572,632,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">AA -AN</emphasis>
, LM views of valves; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[810,841,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">G -J</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[852,864,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">Y</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[875,887,1179,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">Z</emphasis>
, LM views of frustules in girdle view. Scale bar: 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1267,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">
valve centre, margins slightly inflated, sometimes unilaterally, or straight. Valve dimensions (n = 20): length 17.5-37.5 µm, width at valve centre: 3.0-3.5 µm. On raphe valve (RV), shape of central area variable, either a small transverse fascia, or oval to round, bordered by one or several slightly shortened striae. Raphe filiform, straight, central pores hardly widened, distantly placed at margin of central area. Central area on rapheless valve (RL) narrow lanceolate. Axial area narrow linear on both valves. Striae radiate throughout on both valves, more distantly placed in valve centre, 
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10 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[132,387,1618,1645]" box="[132,387,1618,1645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">
<heading box="[132,387,1618,1645]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="153" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,387,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">
SEM (
<figureCitation box="[200,263,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1599,1617]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-192@9.[698,1267,787,1363]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 3. — Achnanthidium caledonicum (Lange-Bert.) Lange-Bert.:A-B, specimens from Brunnsee,Germany; C-F, specimens from Scotland,2012,44sto;A, SEM external view of whole raphe valve and rapheless valve; B, SEM external view of whole raphe valve, mantle and girdle bands at pole; C, SEM external view of valve centre of raphe valve; D, SEM external view of valve centre of rapheless valve; E, SEM external view of pole of raphe valve; F, SEM external view of pole of rapheless valve. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, 5 µm; C-F, 3 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7819386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7819386/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A-F; 4A-D)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1650,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">
Raphe located on slightly raised sternum, terminal fissures straight terminating at valve/mantle junction. Internally, central raphe endings shortly deflected to opposite sides, terminal raphe endings 
<taxonomicName box="[287,402,1746,1772]" form="small" pageId="8" pageNumber="153" rank="form">form small</taxonomicName>
helictoglossae. Striae composed of 2-4 (RV) and 2-5 (RL) areolae. Areolae round or oval, areolae adjacent to valve margin slit-like. Row of transapically elongated areolae on mantle separated from areolae on valve face by hyaline area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[130,777,1650,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">
On the 
<typeStatus box="[241,287,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
slide (lecto-, BM[BM 94890], ex 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">J.R. Carter 3665</emphasis>
), the species is common, but many specimens are positioned in girdle view. The central area is often a fascia, as mentioned by Carter (Carter &amp; Bailey-Watts 1981), but
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[814,1457,1267,1325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="153">sometimes less conspicuous, irregular, and formed by more widely spaced central striae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>