223 lines
29 KiB
XML
223 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BBCE8BA407E11D8B86BB3A9602DB3193">Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCA888632B578488249B5ED8F2652648">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50CFFAF3CC97ED3E5EB8872B9E2322C6">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5102B347408B37A558F4F6427A358D14">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CE84854311ED91CA3DB65963A7956F07">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="1E30E27534DBFF6AE18328A971F7807E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197825614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E27534DBFF6AE18328A971F7807E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E27534DBFF6AE18328A971F7807E" lastPageNumber="858" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE18328A9764C87DD" box="[180,261,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE18328A9764C87DD" blockId="253.[177,1196,1184,1308]" box="[180,261,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34DBFF6AE18328A9764C87DD" box="[180,261,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<figureCitation id="0EA24FE634DBFF6AE18328A9764C87DD" box="[180,261,1184,1230]" captionStart="Plate 56: Muridae" captionStartId="248.[116,147,3133,3158]" captionTargetBox="[14,2745,12,3649]" captionTargetPageId="247" captionText="724. Burmese Tree Rat (Chiromyscus chiropus), 725. Langbian Tree Rat (Chiromyscus langbianis), 726. Thomas's Tree Rat (Chiromyscus thomasi), 727. Millet’s Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys milleti), 728. Edwards’s Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys edwardsi), 729. Indomalayan Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys sabanus), 730. Herbert's Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys herberti), 731. Neill’s Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys neilli), 733. Diwangkara’s Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys diwangkarai), 734. Mentawai Archipelago Long-tailed Giant Rat (Leopoldamys siporanus), 735. Paulina’s Limestone Rat (Saxatilomys paulinae), 736. Daovantien’s Limestone Rat (Tonkinomys daovantieni), 737. Javan Bamboo Rat (Kadarsanomys sodyi), 739. Indomalayan Spiny Rat (Maxomys surifer), 740. Indochinese Mountain Spiny Rat (Maxomys moi), 741. Bornean Mountain Spiny Rat (Maxomys alticola), 742. Small Bornean Spiny Rat (Maxomys baeodon), 743. Bartels’s Javan Spiny Rat (Maxomys bartelsii), 744. Sumatran Mountain Spiny Rat (Maxomys hylomyoides), 745. Malayan Mountain Spiny Rat (Maxomys inas), 746. Broad-nosed Sumatran Spiny Rat (Maxomys inflatus), 747. Ochraceous-bellied Bornean Spiny Rat (Maxomys ochracerventer), 748. Mentawai Archipelago Spiny Rat (Maxomys pagensis), 749. Palawan Spiny Rat (Maxomys panglima), 750. Rajah Sundaic Spiny Rat (Maxomys rajah), 751. Whitehead’s Sundaic Spiny Rat (Maxomys whiteheadi), 752. Dollman’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Maxomys dollmani), 753. Hellwald’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat (Maxomys hellwaldii), 755. Tajuddin’s Spiny Rat (Maxomys tajuddinii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888489/files/figure.png" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">739.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE02128A975B587DD" box="[278,764,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE02128A975B587DD" blockId="253.[177,1196,1184,1308]" box="[278,764,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34DBFF6AE02128A975B587DD" box="[278,764,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE02128A975B587DD" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[278,764,1184,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Indomalayan Spiny Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE21928A9732E87DD" box="[814,1127,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE21928A9732E87DD" blockId="253.[177,1196,1184,1308]" box="[814,1127,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34DBFF6AE21928A9732E87DD" box="[814,1127,1184,1230]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE21928A9732E87DD" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[814,1127,1184,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE21928A9732E87DD" box="[814,1127,1184,1230]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Maxomys surifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE18528E973E5860F" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE18528E9731587E6" blockId="253.[177,1196,1184,1308]" box="[178,1116,1248,1269]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34DBFF6AE18528E9731587E6" box="[178,1116,1248,1269]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE18528E977B787E6" bold="true" box="[178,254,1248,1269]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE03028E976D387E6" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[263,410,1248,1269]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Maxomys roux</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE09828E9754087E6" bold="true" box="[431,521,1248,1269]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE32328E975F087E6" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[532,697,1248,1269]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Rote Rajah-Ratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE3F928E9746087E6" bold="true" box="[718,809,1248,1269]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE20328E9731587E6" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[820,1116,1248,1269]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Rata espinosa de Indomalasia</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE186290E73E5860F" blockId="253.[177,1196,1184,1308]" box="[177,1196,1287,1308]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34DBFF6AE186290E73E5860F" box="[177,1196,1287,1308]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE186290E76E1860F" bold="true" box="[177,424,1287,1308]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE084290E75D0860F" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[435,665,1287,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Indomalayan Maxomys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE39F290E747D860F" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[680,820,1287,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Red Spiny Rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE274290E749B860F" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[835,978,1287,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Red Maxomys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34DBFF6AE2D6290E73E5860F" ID-CoL="3YH3J" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[993,1196,1287,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Red Spiny Maxomys</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE2222947722A8678" box="[789,1379,1358,1387]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE2222947722A8678" blockId="253.[789,1383,1358,1782]" box="[789,1379,1358,1387]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE222294774F88678" bold="true" box="[789,945,1358,1387]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE2F6294772178678" ID-CoL="5JS69" authority="G. S. Miller, 1900" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[961,1374,1358,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Mus surifer G. S. Miller, 1900</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE2202973730F86F1" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE2202973730F86F1" blockId="253.[789,1383,1358,1782]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<materialsCitation id="26F1593E34DBFF6AE2202973730F86F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864425074" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">“mounatin of Trong, Lower Siam [= Peninsular Thailand], at an altitude of about 3,000 feet [=914 m].”</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE22029E176BD8481" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE22029E176BD8481" blockId="253.[789,1383,1358,1782]" lastBlockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE22029E174D88519" box="[791,913,1512,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Maxomys</taxonomicName>
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is sister to all other
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE5F929E172658519" box="[1230,1324,1512,1546]" pageId="253" pageNumber="883" rank="tribe" tribe="Rattini">Rattini</taxonomicName>
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ex- cept
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE25D2A1D74A28522" box="[874,1003,1556,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Crunomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crunomys</taxonomicName>
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, which is nested within
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE2202A3E74D8854A" box="[791,913,1591,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Maxomys</taxonomicName>
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phylogenetically, making the genus paraphyletic.
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE52D2A6B73BD856C" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1050,1268,1634,1663]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Maxomys surifer</taxonomicName>
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is sister to
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE2772A8F749385BB" baseAuthorityName="Jentink" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[832,986,1670,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bartelsii">M. bartelsii</taxonomicName>
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, and this clade is sister to all other
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE2942AB8735485DD" box="[931,1053,1713,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Maxomys</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE5AD2AB873B785DD" baseAuthorityName="Robinson & Kloss" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[1178,1278,1713,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moi">M. moi</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE4232AB874E085E5" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surifer">Maxomys surifer</taxonomicName>
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almost certainly represents a species complex, with considerable genetic and morphological variation throughout its distribution. It has been included as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE5332B2B73338457" box="[1028,1146,1826,1860]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajah">M. rajah</taxonomicName>
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in the past, but morphological and genetic data support its recognition as a distinct species. Seven subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE1872B9E75D48A79" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C2E603EB34DBFF6AE1872B9E75D48A79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6888495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888495/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" startId="253.[176,330,1943,1977]" targetBox="[174,765,1365,1778]" targetPageId="253">
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE1872B9E750984AA" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" box="[176,576,1943,1977]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE1872B9E750984AA" bold="true" box="[176,576,1943,1977]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE1862BC176008B14" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE1862BC176008B14" authority="G. S. Miller, 1900" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="surifer">M.s.suriferG.S.Miller,1900—SThailandandPeninsularMalaysia,aswellasmanyoffshoreIs.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE1872406765E8B46" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE1872406765E8B46" authority="G. S. Miller, 1906" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="carimatae">M.s.carimataeG.S.Miller,1906—BorneoaswellasmanyoffshoreIs(includingNatunaI).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE187246F76008BB6" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE187246F76008BB6" authority="Kloss, 1916" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="finus">M.s.finusKloss,1916—EThailand,SLaos,C&SVietnam,Cambodia,andmanyoffshoreIs.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE18724BD724E8BDE" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" box="[176,1287,2228,2253]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE18724BD724E8BDE" authority="H. C. Robinson & Kloss, 1916" authorityName="H. C. Robinson & Kloss" authorityYear="1916" box="[176,1287,2228,2253]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="ravus">M.s.ravusH.C.Robinson&Kloss,1916—Sumatra,Java,andmanyoffshoreIs.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE18724D274AF8BE7" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" box="[176,998,2267,2292]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE18724D274AF8BE7" authority="Kloss, 1919" authorityName="Kloss" authorityYear="1919" box="[176,998,2267,2292]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="siarma">M.s.siarmaKloss,1919—N&WThailandandSMyanmar.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE187250A76748A51" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE187250A76748A51" authority="Balakirev, 2017" authorityName="Balakirev" authorityYear="2017" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="tonkinensis">M.s.tonkinensisBalakirev,2017—NVietnamandNLaos;probablyextremeSChina(Yunnan).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE187255875D48A79" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" box="[176,669,2385,2410]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE187255876A58A79" authority="Lyon, 1911" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1911" box="[176,492,2385,2410]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="surifer" subSpecies="ubecus">M. s. ubecus Lyon, 1911</taxonomicName>
|
||
— E Borneo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE199257C74808F3C" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE199257C74808F3C" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE199257C76E38A81" bold="true" box="[174,426,2421,2450]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head—body 155-226 mm, tail 146-227 mm, ear 20-28 mm, hindfoot 32-47 mm; weight 90-285 g. The Indomalayan Spiny Rat is a large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE19825C976608AF1" box="[175,297,2496,2530]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Maxomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sundaic populations are generally smaller than mainland South-east Asian populations. Pelage is short and very spiny, with dark stiff spines dorsally, soft white spines ventrally, and black guard hairs. Dorsum varies from orangish to reddish brown, being lighter on sides and distinctly darker along back. Dorsal pelage also extends to around ankles unlike on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE32226547438896C" authority="Sundaic Spiny Rat" authorityName="Sundaic Spiny Rat" box="[533,881,2653,2687]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajah">Rajah Sundaic Spiny Rat</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE2BE2654734D896C" box="[905,1028,2653,2687]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Maxomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rajah">M. rajah</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Venteris white, usually with reddish brown or orangishbrown collar around lower neck that ends in line leading up neck, although this can be partially or fully visible. Juveniles are very dark blackish brown, fading through gray to white ventrally, and they are not identifiable to the species level within the genus. Feet are white, long, and narrow. Ears are long and brown;vibrissae are long and dark. Tail is 95-100% of head-body length and distinctly bicolored, dark brownish black dorsally and white ventrally. Skull has relatively short and wide incisive foramina. Various species of mites (Laelaps), ticks (Ixodes), fleas (Xenopsylla), pseudoscorpion (Chelifer cancroides), and blood parasites (Microfilaria, Trypanosoma, Anaplasma, and Grahamella) have been recorded from the Indomalayan Spiny Rat. There are four pairs of mammae: one pectoral, one post-axillary, and two inguinal. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 52, FN = 66.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE19B203F75008FB6" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE19B203F75008FB6" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE19B203F76528F4B" bold="true" box="[172,283,3126,3160]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
[Lowland primary forest, forest edge, and gardens from sea level to elevations of 1680 m. Indomalayan Spiny Rats can be found in secondary or disturbed habitats, although this is less common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE19C20A5743E8FE7" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE19C20A5743E8FE7" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE19C20A576F08FDD" bold="true" box="[171,441,3244,3278]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Indomalayan Spiny Rat eats roots, fruit, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates. It scatter-hoards nuts in Malaysia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE19C20F773398E08" box="[171,1136,3326,3355]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE19C20F773398E08" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" box="[171,1136,3326,3355]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE19C20F776788E08" bold="true" box="[171,305,3326,3355]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Litters have 2-5 young (average 4-8 in southern Vietnam).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE19D212B743E8E82" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE19D212B743E8E82" blockId="253.[170,1381,1787,3473]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE19D212B76D08E57" bold="true" box="[170,409,3362,3396]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
This Indomalayan Spiny Rat is nocturnal and terrestrial. It builds nests in burrows (c¢.2 m deep ending in nesting chamber) and rarely in cavities in logs or roots, with 1-2 entrances covered with leaf litter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE4872D2D70488119" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE4872D2D70488119" blockId="253.[1456,2664,292,877]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE4872D2D7F3B8255" bold="true" box="[1456,2162,292,326]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Populations fluctuate between wet and dry seasons, increasing in abundance at beginning of wet season, leveling off through wet season, and peaking just after wet season in southern Vietnam. Indomalayan Spiny Rats are sensitive to flooding and extreme weather such as droughts, which can decrease abundance. In central Thailand, home range, biomass, and density were highest in rainy seasons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE4872E1C706781BB" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE4872E1C706781BB" blockId="253.[1456,2664,292,877]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE4872E1C705A8121" bold="true" box="[1456,1811,533,562]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Indomalayan Spiny Rat has a very extensive distribution—widest for the genus—and occurs in many protected areas. It faces
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034DBFF6AE6DB2E6D7F248192" authorityName="Hatt" authorityYear="1934" box="[2028,2157,612,641]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Thamnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="253" pageNumber="733" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">no major</taxonomicName>
|
||
threats and is considered common throughout its distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834DBFF6AE4872EB171F7807E" pageId="253" pageNumber="858" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334DBFF6AE4872EB171F7807E" blockId="253.[1456,2664,292,877]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134DBFF6AE4872EB1710181C2" bold="true" box="[1456,1608,696,721]" pageId="253" pageNumber="858">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Achmadi et al. (2013), Aplin (2016v), Balakirev et al. (2017), Corbet & Hill (1992), Francis (2008), Gorog et al. (2004), Kuznetsov & Filatova (2007), Musser & Carleton (2005), Musser et al. (1979), Nor (2001), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Rickart & Musser (1993), Smith & Yan Xie (2008), Steppan & Schenk (2017), Thanee et al. (2009), Walker & Rabinowitz (1992), Wells, Lakim & Pfeiffer (2006), Wells, Pfeiffer et al. (2004), Wu Delin et al. (1996), Yong (1972).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |