194 lines
23 KiB
XML
194 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E551C6092ADB26C1AF3428F09224C465">Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E80F8EF186F37A3B70E79F69E9FAE00">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3B879B5F31080F37C340145A5F8AB2D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3320B11AC88E7DC0780F75C76C1A71F">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="1E30E27534D5FF64E1832E2C73AD895C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869005" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197825736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E27534D5FF64E1832E2C73AD895C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E27534D5FF64E1832E2C73AD895C" lastPageNumber="848" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E1832E2C764F815C" box="[180,262,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E1832E2C764F815C" blockId="243.[179,1193,549,669]" box="[180,262,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34D5FF64E1832E2C764F815C" box="[180,262,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<figureCitation id="0EA24FE634D5FF64E1832E2C764F815C" box="[180,262,549,591]" captionStart="Plate 55: Muridae" captionStartId="236.[110,140,3215,3240]" captionTargetBox="[12,2741,14,3651]" captionTargetPageId="235" captionText="691. Peleng Island Xanthurus Rat (Rattus pelurus), 692. South-eastern Xanthurus Rat (Rattus salocco), 693. North-eastern Xanthurus Rat (Rattus xanthurus), 695. Spiny Seram Island Rat (Rattus feliceus), 697. Halmahara Rat (Rattus morotaiensis), 699. Philippine Forest Rat (Rattus everett), 700. Mindoro Mountain Rat (Rattus mindorensis), 701. Tawitawi Forest Rat (Rattus tawitawiensis), 702. Vogelkop Mountain Rat (Rattus arfakiensis), 703. Western New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus arrogans), 704. Manus Island Spiny Rat (Rattus detentus), 706. Yapen Island Rat (Rattus jobiensis), 708. Eastern New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus niobe), 709. Papua New Guinea Rat (Rattus novaeguineae), 710. Arianus’s New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus omichlodes), 711. Pocock’s New Guinea Highland Rat (Rattus pococki), 712. Large New Guinea Spiny Rat (Rattus praetor), 713. Richardson’s New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus richardsoni), 714. Stein’s New Guinea Rat (Rattus steini), 715. Van Deusen’s New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus vandeuseni), 716. New Guinea Slender Rat (Rattus verecundus), 717. Australian Dusky Rat (Rattus colletti), 719. Cape York Rat (Rattus leucopus), 720. Australian Swamp Rat (Rattus lutreola), 721. Canefield Rat (Rattus sordidus), 722. Australian Pale Field Rat (Rattus tunneyi), 723. Australian Long-haired Rat (Rattus villosissimus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888419/files/figure.png" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">716.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E0212E2C7452815C" box="[278,795,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E0212E2C7452815C" blockId="243.[179,1193,549,669]" box="[278,795,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34D5FF64E0212E2C7452815C" box="[278,795,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34D5FF64E0212E2C7452815C" ID-CoL="6X4WK" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[278,795,549,591]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">New Guinea Slender Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E27A2E2C73E0815C" box="[845,1193,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E27A2E2C73E0815C" blockId="243.[179,1193,549,669]" box="[845,1193,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34D5FF64E27A2E2C73E0815C" box="[845,1193,549,591]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E27A2E2C73E0815C" ID-CoL="6X4WK" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[845,1193,549,591]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E27A2E2C73E0815C" box="[845,1193,549,591]" italics="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Rattus verecundus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E1842E68756E818E" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E1842E6873D08165" blockId="243.[179,1193,549,669]" box="[179,1177,609,630]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34D5FF64E1842E6873D08165" box="[179,1177,609,630]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E1842E6877B78165" bold="true" box="[179,254,609,630]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34D5FF64E03F2E68763B8165" ID-CoL="6X4WK" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[264,370,609,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Rat discret</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E0B02E6876AB8165" bold="true" box="[391,482,609,630]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34D5FF64E0DD2E6875B98165" ID-CoL="6X4WK" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[490,752,609,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Schlanke Neuguinea-Ratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E2312E6874288165" bold="true" box="[774,865,609,630]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34D5FF64E25C2E6873D08165" ID-CoL="6X4WK" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[875,1177,609,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Rata de Nueva Guinea esbelta</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E1842E81756E818E" blockId="243.[179,1193,549,669]" box="[179,551,648,669]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F34D5FF64E1842E81756E818E" box="[179,551,648,669]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E1842E8176E0818E" bold="true" box="[179,425,648,669]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34D5FF64E0842E81756E818E" ID-CoL="6X4WK" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[435,551,648,669]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Slender Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E22F2EC2722C81FE" box="[792,1381,715,749]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E22F2EC2722C81FE" blockId="243.[792,1383,682,1181]" box="[792,1381,715,749]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E22F2EC274FA81FE" bold="true" box="[792,947,715,749]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E2F72EC2722981FE" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[960,1376,715,749]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Mus verecundus Thomas, 1904</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E22E2EFE74108071" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="materials_examined">
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||
<materialsCitation id="26F1593E34D5FF64E22E2EFE74108071" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424695" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E22E2EFE722F802F" blockId="243.[792,1383,682,1181]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">“Avera, Aroa River [Central Province], British New Guinea [= Papua New Guin-</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E22F2F4C74108071" blockId="243.[792,1383,682,1181]" box="[792,857,837,866]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">eal.”</paragraph>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E22E2F60746F878E" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E22E2F60722E8098" blockId="243.[792,1383,682,1181]" box="[793,1383,873,907]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E22E2F60734C8098" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[793,1029,873,907]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">Rattus verecundus</taxonomicName>
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is part of a clade includ-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E22F2F99722C80A1" blockId="243.[792,1383,682,1181]" box="[792,1381,912,946]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">ing the other Recent New Guinea native</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E22F2FBE746F878E" blockId="243.[792,1383,682,1181]" lastBlockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E28E2FBE734780CA" box="[953,1038,951,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rattus</taxonomicName>
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. It previously included
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E22E2FD674988712" baseAuthorityName="Taylor & Calaby" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[793,977,991,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vandeuseni">R. vandeuseni</taxonomicName>
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, but it is recognized as a distinct species here until further research is conducted. It probably represents a complex of three distinct species as it is currently defined. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E18628AB74758629" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C2E603EB34D5FF64E18628AB74758629" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6888447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888447/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" startId="243.[177,331,1186,1220]" targetBox="[177,768,727,1142]" targetPageId="243">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E18628AB750B87D7" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[177,578,1186,1220]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E18628AB750B87D7" bold="true" box="[177,578,1186,1220]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E18528C3741C87FF" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[178,853,1226,1260]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E18528C3741C87FF" authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[178,853,1226,1260]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="verecundus" subSpecies="verecundus">R.v.verecundusThomas,1904—SENewGuinea.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E18528F8741D8600" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[178,852,1265,1299]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E18528F8741D8600" authority="Rummler, 1935" authorityName="Rummler" authorityYear="1935" box="[178,852,1265,1299]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="verecundus" subSpecies="mollis">R.v.mollisRummler,1935—C&ENewGuinea.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E185292874758629" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[178,828,1313,1338]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E185292875098629" authority="Rimmler, 1935" authorityName="Rimmler" authorityYear="1935" box="[178,576,1313,1338]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="verecundus" subSpecies="unicolor" variety="unicolor">R. v. unicolor Rimmler, 1935</taxonomicName>
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— W New Guinea.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E186294C74A884EC" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E186294C74A884EC" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
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||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E186294C76E28671" bold="true" box="[177,427,1349,1378]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 123-168 mm (males) and 146-165 mm (females), tail 143-170 mm (males) and 143-171 mm (females), ear 14-6-19-5 mm (males) and 18:1-20-4 mm (females), hindfoot 31:2-33-5 mm (males) and 30-6-34-5 mm (females); weight 88-118 g (males) 100-133 g (females). The New Guinea Slender Ratis small and unique, with relatively long, shiny, smooth, and soft pelage, typically without any spines; nominal subspecies usually has fine small spines throughout dorsal pelage. Dorsum is medium to dark brown, even up to blackish brown. Juveniles have darker and less rufous dorsal pelage and grayer ventral pelage without spines. Venteris light to dark gray, tinged with rust or yellow and is not sharply demarcated from dorsal pelage. White pectoral marking is common. Feet are long and narrow, being white or white mixed with brown hair dorsally and mid-dorsally, respectively. Ears are relatively inconspicuous and dark brown; vibrissae are relatively short. Tail is equal to or longer than head-body length (c.105 mm on average) and dark brown, usually with white tip varying in size, although this is not present in all individuals. Skull is smooth in contour and has large cranium in proportion to size of rostrum. Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E5472B6173F18499" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1136,1208,1896,1930]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mollis">mollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the smallest,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E1DD2B86763E84A2" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[234,375,1935,1969]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verecundus">verecundus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has spines, and unicolor is the largest. The mite genus Echinolaelaps has been recorded on the New Guinea Slender Rat. There are three pairs of mammae: one pectoral and two inguinal. Diploid number is 2n = 32.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E187240C75FD8B65" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E187240C75FD8B65" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E187240C76568B34" bold="true" box="[176,287,2053,2087]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wide variety of habitats from primary tropical moist forest to rural gardens with dense coverat elevations of 150-2700 m. The New Guinea Slender Rat also occurs in limestone caves at high elevations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E187248973D18B8E" box="[176,1176,2176,2205]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E187248973D18B8E" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[176,1176,2176,2205]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E187248976FC8B8E" bold="true" box="[176,437,2176,2205]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The New Guinea Slender Rat eats insects and seeds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E18724AA73CE8A07" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E18724AA73CE8A07" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E18724AA767F8BD6" bold="true" box="[176,310,2211,2245]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding starts in late October and ends by late May on Mount Erimbari, but births have been recorded in March-April, May-June, and September—-December in other places. Litters have 1-3 young, with two being most common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E199251475C18A29" box="[174,648,2333,2362]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E199251475C18A29" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[174,648,2333,2362]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E199251476D08A29" bold="true" box="[174,409,2333,2362]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E187254D73128A72" box="[176,1115,2372,2401]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E187254D73128A72" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" box="[176,1115,2372,2401]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E187254D74258A72" bold="true" box="[176,876,2372,2401]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E1872565731D8913" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E1872565731D8913" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E187256575468A9A" bold="true" box="[176,527,2412,2441]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The New Guinea Slender Rat has a wide distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, although its survival rate is low compared to other rodents (e.g. Common Lowland Mosaic-tailed Rat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D5FF64E30325D7740E8913" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[564,839,2526,2560]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Paramelomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyops">Paramelomys platyops</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in its distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D5FF64E187260773AD895C" pageId="243" pageNumber="848" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D5FF64E187260773AD895C" blockId="243.[174,1382,1147,2639]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D5FF64E187260776008934" bold="true" box="[176,329,2574,2599]" pageId="243" pageNumber="848">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Dennis & Menzies (1978), Dwyer (1978), Flannery (1995b), Kale etal. (2012), Musser & Carleton (2005), Robins et al. (2014), Strandtmann & Mitchell (1963), Taylor et al. (1982), Wright et al. (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |