185 lines
24 KiB
XML
185 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="78B1A4FD36114466BEDA3B9CF6314977" ID-CLB-Dataset="100954" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E27534D0FF61E45B2DEB71048E60" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rattus villosissimus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="851" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="851" updateTime="1718983125921" updateUser="carolina">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0D7C71D07092C686E257CDC2ADEB06D6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="68AA6085D763B85C596DFF265B583BCB">
|
||
<mods:title id="D8C4D263759953AB798D3EBB77804C02">Muridae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="176DAB2EEC4B45824B63679F0B42EF7E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1A930B340AA94467E35F72CA2DCCBA41">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FDFBDEA194524CC88BA81046435C2740">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="574B2D7AE081E907C2BE3DE38CE04795">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9B0D76B10ABF7BC66A6504884B599C2F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D558682E0424FC42A2AEC09474326D83">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DD11F4D3F26DF5DAB522BCF0B5CF29E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="550320BCF05DE522247173C85616F09A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4225DB53713A3E146D307B0946BC74B7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BADEE5F43F5D803D4470FE10A589D084">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="371F15364C1CBEFF2956A93EC0EBB6DE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="55A032214D8BED45EEE9174EA375ADB7">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7E925FD274DE0D397BC323A11B42A1E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A89731635E681DE95D63FFE22C4431B2" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="A8DB8B1BBA7A41DEF53F8EB2DEF08101">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="E38E012F14A52310F5E2504366E746D4">2017</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="E62EA5A28D2009CB9EA6210EAF7D099F" type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="71461E0C4E55755EA4E4260C763A2CC0">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="BBAE694C06D846B001A4851D3DC686E6">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="4565F481B644B616EB20F3868DCDB65A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="64817DB8A9CD5EFE19B5B7AF26D44D67">
|
||
<mods:title id="D2F2CA399B75A54F180576960B0F3E5A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E7ED655D853C999DC66B088B7F9EA3D4">
|
||
<mods:extent id="D4567455DFBF4A776A069C3373E21F6B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="2D772A56B208228297F6A1F50EAB8DCD">536</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="4DD68FFC0E978C2D0D9E553A7B8EBCE6">884</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="98051FEE57E995130EEF3C29749725C1">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="73A23213ECF1B4753424A1CC6F1D691C" type="CLB-Dataset">100954</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F10A4DD1AC50295CA86BE1C7C48272E8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6887260</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5C56433613509E38BB5C580CAA13B637" type="GBIF-Dataset">a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ACAE59FE9BDBE1224F4DEA344D5BE848" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A90CFCD862F689181ECC6B63F494FEAF" type="Zenodo-Dep">6887260</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="1E30E27534D0FF61E45B2DEB71048E60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6869017" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197825683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6869017" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E27534D0FF61E45B2DEB71048E60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E27534D0FF61E45B2DEB71048E60" lastPageNumber="851" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45B2DEB72F78103" box="[1388,1470,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45B2DEB72F78103" blockId="246.[1386,2476,482,607]" box="[1388,1470,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F34D0FF61E45B2DEB72F78103" box="[1388,1470,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EA24FE634D0FF61E45B2DEB72F78103" box="[1388,1470,482,528]" captionStart="Plate 55: Muridae" captionStartId="236.[110,140,3215,3240]" captionTargetBox="[12,2741,14,3651]" captionTargetPageId="235" captionText="691. Peleng Island Xanthurus Rat (Rattus pelurus), 692. South-eastern Xanthurus Rat (Rattus salocco), 693. North-eastern Xanthurus Rat (Rattus xanthurus), 695. Spiny Seram Island Rat (Rattus feliceus), 697. Halmahara Rat (Rattus morotaiensis), 699. Philippine Forest Rat (Rattus everett), 700. Mindoro Mountain Rat (Rattus mindorensis), 701. Tawitawi Forest Rat (Rattus tawitawiensis), 702. Vogelkop Mountain Rat (Rattus arfakiensis), 703. Western New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus arrogans), 704. Manus Island Spiny Rat (Rattus detentus), 706. Yapen Island Rat (Rattus jobiensis), 708. Eastern New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus niobe), 709. Papua New Guinea Rat (Rattus novaeguineae), 710. Arianus’s New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus omichlodes), 711. Pocock’s New Guinea Highland Rat (Rattus pococki), 712. Large New Guinea Spiny Rat (Rattus praetor), 713. Richardson’s New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus richardsoni), 714. Stein’s New Guinea Rat (Rattus steini), 715. Van Deusen’s New Guinea Mountain Rat (Rattus vandeuseni), 716. New Guinea Slender Rat (Rattus verecundus), 717. Australian Dusky Rat (Rattus colletti), 719. Cape York Rat (Rattus leucopus), 720. Australian Swamp Rat (Rattus lutreola), 721. Canefield Rat (Rattus sordidus), 722. Australian Pale Field Rat (Rattus tunneyi), 723. Australian Long-haired Rat (Rattus villosissimus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888419/files/figure.png" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">723.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E4FB2DEB7F4C8103" box="[1484,2053,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E4FB2DEB7F4C8103" blockId="246.[1386,2476,482,607]" box="[1484,2053,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F34D0FF61E4FB2DEB7F4C8103" box="[1484,2053,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34D0FF61E4FB2DEB7F4C8103" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1484,2053,482,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Australian Long-haired Rat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E90F2DEB7EE58103" box="[2104,2476,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E90F2DEB7EE58103" blockId="246.[1386,2476,482,607]" box="[2104,2476,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F34D0FF61E90F2DEB7EE58103" box="[2104,2476,482,528]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E90F2DEB7EE58103" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2104,2476,482,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E90F2DEB7EE58103" box="[2104,2476,482,528]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Rattus villosissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C2E2B70C8814C" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C2E2B7EEB8124" blockId="246.[1386,2476,482,607]" box="[1387,2466,546,567]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F34D0FF61E45C2E2B7EEB8124" box="[1387,2466,546,567]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C2E2B72FE8124" bold="true" box="[1387,1463,546,567]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34D0FF61E4F72E2B71058124" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1472,1612,546,567]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Rat a poil long</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E7562E2B71F28124" bold="true" box="[1633,1723,546,567]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34D0FF61E7F12E2B70B08124" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1734,2041,546,567]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Langhaarige Australische Ratte</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E9392E2B7F208124" bold="true" box="[2062,2153,546,567]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34D0FF61E9442E2B7EEB8124" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2163,2466,546,567]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Rata de pelo largo de Australia</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45D2E4370C8814C" blockId="246.[1386,2476,482,607]" box="[1386,1921,586,607]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F34D0FF61E45D2E4370C8814C" box="[1386,1921,586,607]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45D2E437128814C" bold="true" box="[1386,1633,586,607]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34D0FF61E75B2E437040814C" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1644,1801,586,607]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Long-haired Rat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D34D0FF61E6202E4370C8814C" ID-CoL="4RM7W" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1815,1921,586,607]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Plague Rat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E6F92E9D7D5481BE" box="[1998,2589,660,685]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E6F92E9D7D5481BE" blockId="246.[1997,2591,660,1079]" box="[1998,2589,660,685]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E6F92E9D7F2381BE" bold="true" box="[1998,2154,660,685]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E94C2E9D7D5181BE" authority="Waite, 1898" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1898" box="[2171,2584,660,685]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Mus villosissimus Waite, 1898</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E6E72EBA7E448062" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E6E72EBA7FA381C6" blockId="246.[1997,2591,660,1079]" box="[2000,2282,691,725]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="26F1593E34D0FF61E6E72EBA7FA381C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424722" box="[2000,2282,691,725]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">“Central Australia.”</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E8342EBA7E448062" blockId="246.[1997,2591,660,1079]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Identified by J. A. Mahoney and B. J. Richardson in 1988 as “probably the vicinity of Goonhag-hooheeny Billabong, Cooper Creek,” Queensland, Australia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E6E72F757FC38795" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E6E72F757FC38795" blockId="246.[1997,2591,660,1079]" lastBlockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E6E72F757F85808A" baseAuthorityName="Waite" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[2000,2252,892,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Rattus villosissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E8672F757EA8808A" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[2384,2529,892,921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sordidus">R. sordidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, which clusters with the other Australian species groups. All Australian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E9522FE77FF08703" box="[2149,2233,1006,1040]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rattus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister to a cladecontaining the New Guinea endemic species, although not all species have been sampled and more research is needed to fully resolve relationships within this clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E6BE286D70978795" box="[1929,2014,1124,1158]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rattus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C28857FB887EF" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="C2E603EB34D0FF61E45C28857FB887EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6888461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6888461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6888461/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" startId="246.[1387,1559,1164,1198]" targetBox="[1384,1975,664,1078]" targetPageId="246">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C28857FB887EF" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C2885715387BD" bold="true" box="[1387,1562,1164,1198]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N &C Australia in two central core areas (Barkly Lake system of the Barkly Tableland, Northern Territory, and Channel Country in SW Queensland and NE South Australia), and Southwest I, Sir Edward Pellew Group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C290B7E9385BD" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C290B7E9385BD" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C290B71178637" bold="true" box="[1387,1630,1282,1316]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 130-225 mm,tail 120-180 mm, ear 16-22 mm, hindfoot 30-40 mm; weight 60-280 g. The Australian Long-haired Rat is mediumto large-sized and similar to the Canefield Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E676295C70948661" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1857,2013,1365,1394]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sordidus">R. sordidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
)and the Australian Dusky Rat (R. collettr), but it is lighter gray, with longer pelage. Body and organ weights vary seasonally, being heavier in wet season and lighter in dry season. Pelage is long and shaggy, with long black guard hairs. Dorsum is light buff to rufous, heavily grizzled with dark gray and extending onto base of tail. Some individuals have white flash on forehead. Venter is cream or pale gray. Top offeet are same color as dorsum, becoming lighter and browner on digits. Ears are blackish brown; vibrissae are fairly short. Tail is ¢.89% of head-body length, dark blackish brown, and covered in short hair. There are six pairs of mammae: three axillary and three inguinal. Diploid number is 2n = 50 (the largest for the genus), FN = 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C2ABA7FBD845F" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C2ABA7FBD845F" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C2ABA729385C6" bold="true" box="[1387,1498,1715,1749]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Highly restricted to refuges in arid landscape where food and water are always available. About every 20 years, populations of Australian Long-haired Rats explode into a “plague” of rats. They spread throughout a much larger area than their typical refuges because these areas are saturated with water at that time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C2B5870F084D1" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C2B5870F084D1" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C2B58713C8460" bold="true" box="[1387,1653,1873,1907]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Australian Long-haired Rat is mainly herbivorous but somewhat omnivorous. During population explosions, they can consume all available food resources and end up starving themselves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C2BCE7EAD8B02" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C2BCE7EAD8B02" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C2BCE72B884FA" bold="true" box="[1387,1521,1991,2025]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Australian Long-haired Rats reproduce year-round, and they have very high reproductive potential, similar to the Australian Dusky Rat and the Canefield Rat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45E241F7D468A36" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45E241F7D468A36" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45E241F711A8B2B" bold="true" box="[1385,1619,2070,2104]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Australian Long-haired Rats are normally nocturnal, moving andforaging at night and resting in burrows during the day. During plague years, starvation causes individuals to forage during the day. Temporal activity is regulated by moonlight, and on brighter nights, individuals stay in their burrows longer than normal. A study in a sand dune habitat found that during activity, individuals stayed near burrows or on sides of dunes. Itis terrestrial and nests in burrows. Nests are built on the ground, generally with multiple entrances and a central nest cavity filled with shredded grass.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45C252371A38861" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45C252371A38861" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45C25237F098A5F" bold="true" box="[1387,2112,2346,2380]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Australian Long-haired Rats are highly gregarious, and multiple individuals use in a single burrow system. Populations are extremely variable and can go from being extremely rare to being a plague ofrats during times withlots of rain and plant growth. During the rat’s plagues, distribution of the species across northern and central Australia expands into areas other than refugia that sustain their normal populations. After the population has boomed, predation, starvation, dehydration, cannibalism, and disease generally cause a massive die off. Various predators of the Australian Long-haired Rat increase in numbers during plague years. During normal, non-plague years, they will regularly immigrate between burrow systems and can move between them in association with food availability. Aggressive behavior is extremely common, and many sounds are associated with it. Five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E45B26EA72F489EF" authorityName="Hatt" authorityYear="1934" box="[1388,1469,2787,2812]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Thamnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
sounds are used for communication: squeals, squeaks, tooth chattering, hissing, and coughing. Aggressive behavior seems to be when most of these sounds are used, especially the more threatening sounds like hissing and tooth chattering and a single ultrasonic sound at 64 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45B27757D548FC7" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45B27757D548FC7" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45B27757188888A" bold="true" box="[1388,1729,2940,2969]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Australian Long-haired Rat is widespread and common;it is found in some protected areas. Destruction ofits refuge habitats due to cattle grazing might be a threat, although it has actually benefited from some human activity, especially irrigation that can act as an artificial refugia. Plagues of Australian L.ong-haired Rats caused by seasonal rains can make them
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034D0FF61E48B2034716D8F4C" authorityName="Hatt" authorityYear="1934" box="[1468,1572,3133,3167]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Thamnomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="246" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">a major</taxonomicName>
|
||
pest because they will inevitably consume many resources and enter buildings and camps seeking food. Plagues have occurred in 1860-1861, 1869-1870, 1887, 1916-1918, 1930-1932, 1940-1942, 1948, 1950-1952, 1956, 1966-1969, 1972, and variously to the present when conditions are favorable for extreme increases in populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834D0FF61E45B20ED71048E60" pageId="246" pageNumber="851" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334D0FF61E45B20ED71048E60" blockId="246.[1385,2592,1085,3443]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134D0FF61E45B20ED714C8FEE" bold="true" box="[1388,1541,3300,3325]" pageId="246" pageNumber="851">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Begg (1975, 1976), Begg & Nelson (1977), Breed (1978), Carstairs (1974, 1976, 1980), Greenville et al. (2013), Mahoney & Richardson (1988), Menkhorst & Knight (2010), Murray et al. (1999), Musser & Carleton (2005), Predavec & Dickman (1994), Rowe etal. (2011), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Woinarski & Aplin (2016), Yosida (1979).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |