174 lines
18 KiB
XML
174 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="29F765F4927DC3A187C4D4BEF984A476" ID-CLB-Dataset="100954" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E27534AFFF1EE1852711719785E6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Millardia meltada" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="738" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="738" updateTime="1718983125921" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:titleInfo id="28425D733915460E3A7B984C69DC2C29">
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<mods:title id="0712AB309B8027C12E0C82089BEBC8C3">Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DEE4F7590D501C52A1ABDD2493F25D77">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBD56B1200DB4FAF4AD21B93D4597EEC">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF7AEA08DAA43D58E881DF9BDF12D304">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A9507741A6793B0768C9027F9962EC4B">2017</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="726EDD2680FBC0A921888327E5DD955A" type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="3289A1E340D85E8B271B2DEDCC530AB9">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="E56A42E5727D0487509874EC14FF7978">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="57E18E1FCDD1B6AE36617CAD40865700">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="1E30E27534AFFF1EE1852711719785E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6868588" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6868588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E27534AFFF1EE1852711719785E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E27534AFFF1EE1852711719785E6" lastPageNumber="738" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE1852711764D8851" box="[178,260,2840,2882]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE1852711764D8851" blockId="137.[176,1192,2840,2961]" box="[178,260,2840,2882]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">378.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE022271174568851" box="[277,799,2840,2882]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE022271174568851" blockId="137.[176,1192,2840,2961]" box="[277,799,2840,2882]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE022271174568851" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[277,799,2840,2882]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Common Soft-furred Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE254271173E18851" box="[867,1192,2840,2882]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE254271173E18851" blockId="137.[176,1192,2840,2961]" box="[867,1192,2840,2882]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE254271173E18851" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[867,1192,2840,2882]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE254271173E18851" box="[867,1192,2840,2882]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Millardia meltada</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE186275D73C48882" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE186275D7324887A" blockId="137.[176,1192,2840,2961]" box="[177,1133,2900,2921]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE186275D77B5887A" bold="true" box="[177,252,2900,2921]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE031275D7630887A" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[262,377,2900,2921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Rat de Gray</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE0B9275D76A0887A" bold="true" box="[398,489,2900,2921]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE0C5275D7593887A" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[498,730,2900,2921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Gemeine Weichfellratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE3D8275D7403887A" bold="true" box="[751,842,2900,2921]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE262275D7324887A" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[853,1133,2900,2921]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Rata de pelaje suave comun</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE187277573C48882" blockId="137.[176,1192,2840,2961]" box="[176,1165,2940,2961]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE187277576EE8882" bold="true" box="[176,423,2940,2961]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE0872775751C8882" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[432,597,2940,2961]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Common Metad</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE354277574648882" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[611,813,2940,2961]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Soft-furred Field Rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE20C277574A78882" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[827,1006,2940,2961]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Soft-furred Metad</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D34AFFF1EE2CB277573C48882" ID-CoL="43CY2" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1020,1165,2940,2961]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Soft-furred Rat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE19827CB759F88CC" box="[175,726,3010,3039]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE19827CB759F88CC" blockId="137.[175,971,3010,3039]" box="[175,726,3010,3039]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE19827CB760388CC" bold="true" box="[175,330,3010,3039]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE06E27CB759888CC" authority="Gray, 1837" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[345,721,3010,3039]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Golunda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meltada">Golunda meltada Gray, 1837</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE3D627CB748288CC" box="[737,971,3010,3039]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE3D627CB748288CC" blockId="137.[175,971,3010,3039]" box="[737,971,3010,3039]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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||
<materialsCitation id="26F1593E34AFFF1EE3D627CB748E88CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424500" box="[737,967,3010,3039]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">“Bombay,” India</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE92E2D2A7E488119" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE92E2D2A7E488119" blockId="137.[2070,2678,291,719]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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Previously placed in
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE8742D2A7E378256" box="[2371,2430,291,325]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
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. Two subspecies were recognized byJ. R. Ellerman in 1961, but they were merged by V. C. Agrawal in 2000. No genetic information is available on this taxon apart from chromosomal data. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE9202E1D7FAB814A" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C2E603EB34AFFF1EE9202E1D7FAB814A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887704" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887704/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" startId="137.[2071,2243,532,561]" targetBox="[1456,2047,302,716]" targetPageId="137">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE9202E1D7FAB814A" blockId="137.[2070,2678,291,719]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE9202E1D7F8E8122" bold="true" box="[2071,2247,532,561]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E Pakistan, India, S Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE9212E5771B28079" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE9212E5771B28079" blockId="137.[2070,2678,291,719]" lastBlockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE9212E577E678193" bold="true" box="[2070,2350,606,640]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 107- 154 mm, tail 92-136 mm, ear 18-24 mm, hindfoot 21-29 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. This soft-furred medium-sized rat has a tail that is shorter than head and body length and is bicolored. The gray-brown dorsal pelage contrasts with the grayish-white ventral zone. Females bear four pairs of mammae. Chromosomes 2n = 50, FN = 57.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE4862F787E368080" box="[1457,2431,881,915]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE4862F787E368080" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" box="[1457,2431,881,915]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE4862F7871688080" bold="true" box="[1457,1569,881,915]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Cultivated fields, grassland, riverbanks, and irrigation canals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE4862F9071BB8723" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE4862F9071BB8723" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE4862F9071F280A8" bold="true" box="[1457,1723,921,955]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Details of the diet in India were published by M. A. Beg and colleagues in 1994. Stomach contents showed it to be herbivorous, recorded items including alfalfa,
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE7B82FF9704D871A" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1922" box="[1679,1796,1008,1033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Trifolium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE6212FF9708D871A" box="[1814,1988,1008,1033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chenopodium</taxonomicName>
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, and canes, as well as leaves, stems, and seeds of other cultivated plants.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE486283F7E33867F" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE486283F7E33867F" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE486283F717E874B" bold="true" box="[1457,1591,1078,1112]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In the Punjab region, reproduction is busiest at the times of the rice and wheat harvests, with 83% of females found pregnant during the rice harvest in October and 100% during the wheat harvest in April. Litter size reached six on average. Compared to two other rodents living in the same cultivated fields,
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<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE84028A47EB887DC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[2423,2545,1197,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Millardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Millardia</taxonomicName>
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females seem to make a greater investment to produce a high number of offspring per year (76-3 young per female per year) during a short life span (0-9 months). In Rajasthan, the species breeds during the whole year, with a peak from March to September;litter size varies from four to ten (average 5-0). Gestation period is 21 days.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE499297F70DC851B" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE499297F70DC851B" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE499297F71D48680" bold="true" box="[1454,1693,1398,1427]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Common Soft-furred Rats are nocturnal, terrestrial, and fossorial. They spend the day in their very simply built burrows, or in rock crevices, or in natural cracks in the soil. Burrows rarely exceed 50 cm in depth, are simple, and their entrance is never plugged with earth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE4982A1A7E75854B" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE4982A1A7E75854B" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE4982A1A7F3C8523" bold="true" box="[1455,2165,1555,1584]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Common Soft-furred Rats are not colonial but 2-3 individuals may coexist in neighboring burrows.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE4982A577FBA85B4" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE4982A577FBA85B4" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE4982A5770448593" bold="true" box="[1455,1805,1630,1664]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Soft-furred Rat is considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E034AFFF1EE6A22A8C70B685B4" authorityName="Rummler" authorityYear="1935" box="[1941,2047,1669,1703]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Macruromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="137" pageNumber="848" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">a major</taxonomicName>
|
||
agricultural pest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E834AFFF1EE4872ABF719785E6" pageId="137" pageNumber="738" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="9626536334AFFF1EE4872ABF719785E6" blockId="137.[1454,2665,724,1781]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F7134AFFF1EE4872ABF710185DC" bold="true" box="[1456,1608,1718,1743]" pageId="137" pageNumber="738">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Agrawal (2000), Beg et al. (1994), Ellerman (1961), Lathiya et al. (2003), Prakash & Singh (1997 1999), Roberts (1977, 1997).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |