210 lines
32 KiB
XML
210 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E8204E09D2B35E584D2C91369BA20C43">Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E9FCADCB58618409FF7F62F700EA430">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="49C31D6AB1A45867CAC23455A4932754">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="010644CF84B9927DA7880C89845F1F6D">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:placeTerm id="DB52923FEC1D4DA74721B3454B67D82D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="E3D131069526F2F1DF007BE33536A27E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="1E30E2753476FFC6E49D245F7FBD82CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6868370" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826360" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6868370" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E2753476FFC6E49D245F7FBD82CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E2753476FFC6E49D245F7FBD82CE" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="681" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC7E49D245F72B58B93" box="[1450,1532,2134,2176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E49D245F72B58B93" blockId="80.[1448,2509,2131,2255]" box="[1450,1532,2134,2176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F3476FFC7E49D245F72B58B93" box="[1450,1532,2134,2176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<figureCitation id="0EA24FE63476FFC7E49D245F72B58B93" box="[1450,1532,2134,2176]" captionStart="Plate 40: Muridae" captionStartId="75.[90,119,3225,3250]" captionTargetBox="[1365,1954,2566,2975]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="214. Mount Banahaw Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys banahao), 215. Mount Isarog Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys isarogensis), 216. Mount Data Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys soricoides), 217. Mount Tapulao Shrew Rat (Rhynchomys tapulao), 218. Kalinga Shrew Mouse (Soricomys kalinga), 219. Leonardo Shrew Mouse (Soricomys leonardocor), 220. Mountain Shrew Mouse (Soricomys montanus), 221. Sierra Madre Shrew Mouse (Soricomys musseri), 222. Sundaic Ranee Mouse (Haeromys pusillus), 223. Margaret's Ranee Mouse (Haeromys margaretlae), 224. Lowland Sulawesi Ranee Mouse (Haeromys minahassae), 225. Papuan Highland Brush Mouse (Abeomelomys sevia), 226. Uneven-toothed Rat (Anisomys imitator), 228. Shaw Mayer’s Water Rat (Baiyankamys shawmayeri), 229. White-toothed Mouse (Brassomys albidens), 230. Forbes’s Tree Mouse (Charuromys forbesi), 231. Broad-headed Tree Mouse (Chiruromys lama), 232. Lesser Tree Mouse (Chiruromys vates), 233. Tawny Brush Mouse (Coccymys kirrhos), 234. Rimmler’s Brush Mouse (Coccymys ruemmleri), 235. Central Cordillera Brush Mouse (Coccymys shawmayer), 236. Earless New Guinea Water Rat (Crossomys moncktoni), 237. Common Water Rat (Hydromys chrysogaster), 238. Husson’s Water Rat (Hydromys hussoni), 239. New Britain Water Rat (Hydromys neobritannicus), 240. Ziegler’s Water Rat (Hydromys ziegleri), 241. Western White-eared Giant Rat (Hyomys dammerman), 242. Eastern White-eared Giant Rat (Hyomys goliath), 243. Arfak Water Rat (Leptomys arfakensts), 244. Elegant Water Rat (Leptomys elegans), 245. Ernst Mayr’sWater Rat (Leptomys ernstmayri), 246. Small Water Rat (Leptomys paulus), 247. Fly River Water Rat (Leptomys signatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887434/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">230.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC7E73B245F70FE8B93" box="[1548,1975,2134,2176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E73B245F70FE8B93" blockId="80.[1448,2509,2131,2255]" box="[1548,1975,2134,2176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F3476FFC7E73B245F70FE8B93" box="[1548,1975,2134,2176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3476FFC7E73B245F70FE8B93" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1548,1975,2134,2176]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">Forbes’s Tree Mouse</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC7E6C7245A7E0C8B92" box="[2032,2373,2131,2177]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E6C7245A7E0C8B92" blockId="80.[1448,2509,2131,2255]" box="[2032,2373,2131,2177]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F3476FFC7E6C7245A7E0C8B92" box="[2032,2373,2131,2177]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E6C7245A7E0C8B92" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2032,2373,2131,2177]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713476FFC7E6C7245A7E0C8B92" box="[2032,2373,2131,2177]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">Chiruromys forbesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC7E49E249B7F0E8BDC" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E49E249B7E848BB4" blockId="80.[1448,2509,2131,2255]" box="[1449,2509,2194,2215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F3476FFC7E49E249B7E848BB4" box="[1449,2509,2194,2215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713476FFC7E49E249B72BC8BB4" bold="true" box="[1449,1525,2194,2215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3476FFC7E4CA249B71F88BB4" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1533,1713,2194,2215]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">Grand Chiruromys</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713476FFC7E7F1249B70698BB4" bold="true" box="[1734,1824,2194,2215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3476FFC7E61C249B7F018BB4" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1835,2120,2194,2215]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">Forbes-Breitkopf-Baummaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713476FFC7E96A249B7FF18BB4" bold="true" box="[2141,2232,2194,2215]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3476FFC7E9F4249B7E848BB4" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2243,2509,2194,2215]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">Raton arboricola de Forbes</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E49F24B37F0E8BDC" blockId="80.[1448,2509,2131,2255]" box="[1448,2119,2234,2255]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<heading id="CD6EE40F3476FFC7E49F24B37F0E8BDC" box="[1448,2119,2234,2255]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713476FFC7E49F24B371D68BDC" bold="true" box="[1448,1695,2234,2255]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3476FFC7E79E24B3703C8BDC" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1705,1909,2234,2255]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">Forbes’s Chiruromys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3476FFC7E6B524B37F0E8BDC" ID-CoL="69TW8" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1922,2119,2234,2255]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbesi">Greater Tree Mouse</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC7E93B25097F1F8A56" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E93B25097F1F8A56" blockId="80.[2059,2653,2304,2727]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713476FFC7E93B25097FEE8A0E" bold="true" box="[2060,2215,2304,2333]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E9FC25097F188A56" authority="Thomas, 1888" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forbest">Chiruromys forbest Thomas, 1888</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC7E95325217F848AA8" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="962653633476FFC7E95325217F848AA8" blockId="80.[2059,2653,2304,2727]" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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<materialsCitation id="26F1593E3476FFC7E95325217F808AA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864425075" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">“Sogere, S. E. New Guinea; altitude 1750 feet [= 533 m]” (= Sogeri Plateau, Astrolabe Range, Central Province, Papua New Guinea)</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83476FFC6E93C25C8742382A8" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="681" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="962653633476FFC6E93C25C8742382A8" blockId="80.[2059,2653,2304,2727]" lastBlockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="681" pageId="80" pageNumber="680">
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Although
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E9AF25C87FA08AF0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2200,2281,2497,2531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Charuromys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forbesi">forbesi</taxonomicName>
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was
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E80625C87EFA8AF0" authority="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, 2017" authorityName="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher" authorityYear="2017" box="[2353,2483,2497,2531]" form="Proposed" pageId="80" pageNumber="725" rank="form" status="form N.">proposed</taxonomicName>
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in the new genus
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E95D25E17FBE8919" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2154,2295,2536,2570]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
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, since 1896 it and related forms had been accommodated within
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7EB0126197F3F894B" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pogonomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pogonomys</taxonomicName>
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on account of general external similarities and conformity of molar patterns. G. H. H.Tate, H. Rummler, and E. Laurie and |]. E. Hill, however, all recognized subgenera within
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E9E726A47E1189DC" box="[2256,2392,2733,2767]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pogonomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pogonomys</taxonomicName>
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, albeit with somewhat variable composition. E. Dennis and J. I. Menzies documented morphological and chromosomal features that identifiedtwo phyletic clusters within thebroadly defined
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E49F272A71798856" box="[1448,1584,2851,2885]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pogonomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pogonomys</taxonomicName>
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and which supported reinstatement of
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E967272A7F948856" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2128,2269,2851,2885]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E838272A7E298856" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[2319,2400,2851,2885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Charuromys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forbesi">forbesi</taxonomicName>
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and related forms (
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E483274372B7887F" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1460,1534,2890,2924]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">lamia</taxonomicName>
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, kagi, and
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E7A22743719E887F" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1685,1751,2890,2924]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vates">vates</taxonomicName>
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). This action was subsequently supported by immunological and molecular-sequencing results showing deep divergence of the two genera, and no clear evidence of a special relationship between them. Riimmler considered all of the variation to be due to effects of preservation and fading. Tate and subsequent authors interpreted it as diversification among insular populations. Most recently, G. G.Musser and M. D. Carleton reported on unpublished morphometric studies that showed the Goodenough Island population to average larger in cranial dimensions than the other two, with the three insular samples as a group, averaging larger than those from the southeastern Papuan Peninsula in both cranial and dental dimensions. A notable feature of the variation is the shorter hindfoot of all Southeast Papuan specimens (30-32-7 mm in adults) compared with those from the islands (over 35 mm in adults), despite overall similar body sizes. There is no difference in basic chromosomal arrangement between the Fergusson and Goodenough populations. C. forbes: is probably sympatric with
|
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E8CA212E7D128E57" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[2557,2651,3367,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vates">C. vates</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Astrolabe Range. A population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E6FA21477F108E78" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1997,2137,3406,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Sudest Island, in the more remote Louisiade Islands, was referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03476FFC7E6B6217C70B98E81" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1921,2032,3445,3474]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Charuromys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="80" pageNumber="680" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="forbesi">C. forbesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Menzies and Dennis. This record was dismissed by T. F. Flannery in 1995 but substantiated in 2005 by Musser and Carleton, who mentioned American Museum of Natural History (New York) specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03477FFC6E54A2D4072438278" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1149,1290,329,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sudest Island, representing a distinctive but as yet unnamed species. Currently regarded as monotypic but in need of further assessment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E1632DB6731F8123" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="C2E603EB3477FFC6E1632DB6731F8123" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6898925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6898925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6898925/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" startId="81.[84,256,447,481]" targetBox="[1446,2036,2311,2723]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E1632DB6731F8123" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E1632DB6764D82F2" bold="true" box="[84,260,447,481]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
New Guinea, including the Papuan Peninsula (Owen Stanley, Astrolabe, and Maneau ranges) and an outlying record at Markham River Valley, Morobe Province, and D’Entrecasteaux Is (Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E1622E3C73CB85DD" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E1622E3C73CB85DD" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E1622E3C760F8144" bold="true" box="[85,326,565,599]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
For populations on south-eastern Papuan Peninsula: head-body 137-150 mm, tail 211-235 mm, ear 12-17 mm, hindfoot 30-37 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. For populations in the D’Entrecasteaux Islands: head-body 134-161 mm, tail 210-222 mm, ear 17-22-2 mm, hindfoot 30-32-7 mm; weight 100-122 g. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03477FFC6E07C2EDA769F81E6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[331,470,723,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small to medium-sized arboreal mice with short, broad head,soft dense fur; eyes relatively large, more forward-facing than typical for Murinae; long, coarsely scaled tail has terminal, upward-facing prehensile pad; and molars with complex crown patterns, retaining many primitive murine features. Forbes’s Tree Mouse is the largest member of genus. Fur on upperparts is soft but somewhat shaggy, body hairs measuring 12-15 mm,always dark brown at bases but, in different populations, variably tipped with pale gray-brown, cinnamon or brighter reddish hues, guard hairs pale and inconspicuous, projecting 2-3 mm; fur on flanks and outer surfaces of limbs paler; fur of underparts distinctly lighter and contrasting with flanks, in different populations pale buff, creamy white, or white to hair bases, sometimes with reddish wash; coloration of underparts extends onto throat, chin, and cheek. Head strikingly patterned in most populations, usually with dark patch on each vibrissal pad and dark mask around each eye, sometimes a pale spot between eye and ear, or behind ear; vibrissae dark and very long, extending back to shoulders; ears relatively short and rounded, pale but with dark outer rim, thinly furred; foreand hindfeet unpigmented, hairs white or pale buff, claws short, pale, and with strongly curved tips, plantar pads broad; forefeet with claws on four digits, flat nail on inner digit; hindfeet relatively elongate in insular populations, shorter in peninsular populations, claws present on all digits. Tail very elongate (140-160% of head-body length), uniformly brown,scales relatively large (6-9 rows per cm), hexagonal to diamond-shaped, strongly overlapping, some populations with distinct longitudinal keels; each scale with three hairs equal in length to two scales, overall appearance slightly hairy; tail tip with prehensile pad 20-30 mm long on upper surface. Cranium has very short rostrum,strongly flaring zygomatic arches, molarsrelatively unreduced (compared with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03477FFC6E1D92A5476C9856C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[238,384,1629,1663]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Mammae three on each side, one axillary and two inguinal. Karyotype is 2n = 44, with two pairs of large submetacentric autosomes and the remainder telocentric, and a large submetacentric X chromosome; Y chromosome unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E16E2AD173D08B22" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E16E2AD173D08B22" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E16E2AD1778F85E6" bold="true" box="[89,198,1752,1781]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Most records are from primary evergreen tropical rainforest habitat; T. Flannery reported one exception—a group “taken from a hole in a coconut palm in a plantation near disturbed forest.” On the Southeast Papuan Peninsula, Forbes’s Tree Mouse is restricted to hill forest mainly to ¢.700 m, and appears to be replaced above c.1000 m by its smaller congener, the Broad-headed Tree Mouse (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03477FFC6E2082B7374FA8480" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[831,947,1914,1939]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamia">C. lamia</taxonomicName>
|
||
). On D’Entrecasteaux Islands, where it is the only recorded member of its genus, it extends to higher elevations, at least to 1300 m in lower montane rainforest on Goodenough Island (which peaks at 2531 m but remainsunsampled at high elevations). On Southeast Papuan Peninsula,it may be sympatric with the Lesser Tree Mouse (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03477FFC6E3E82406740A8B22" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[735,835,2063,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vates">C. vates</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the Astrolabe Range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E16C243F72458B4B" box="[91,1292,2102,2136]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E16C243F72458B4B" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" box="[91,1292,2102,2136]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E16C243F761B8B4B" bold="true" box="[91,338,2102,2136]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Dental morphology suggests a general dietary focus on fruits and leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E16C246F749689E5" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E16C246F749689E5" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E16C246F77968B6C" bold="true" box="[91,223,2150,2175]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Forbes’s Tree Mouse occupies nests in tree hollows, and information on breeding comesfrom field observations on groups and dissection of females taken from these contexts. In lower montane forest on Fergusson Island, Flannery observed the nest to be “high up the trunk ofstraight, tall trees, around 30-60 cm in diameter... the entrance consisted of a small natural hollow that had been enlarged (on the inside only) by chewing. A tunnel led downwardsinside the trunk to a nesting chamber 30-40 cm from the entrance. The small nesting chamber was filled with rotting leaves, which was very wet. According to local informants who regularly encounter this animal, the nesting chamberis always wet.” Dennis and Menzies reported two observations on breeding activity in December—a pregnant female with three embryos, and a group of four adults and a single newborn young. The young are said to be quite small and totally hairless and thus less precocial than in many other groups of Murinae. Flannery’s observations on the sex and age composition of six groups suggested the possibility that they often comprise an adult female and male together with young from one or two consecutive litters, each litter with one or two surviving young. If this inference is correct, the species displays an unusually high level of parental care (and tolerance) of the young, with young remaining in the parentalterritory and nest almost until sexual maturity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E16B26F276908887" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E16B26F276908887" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E16B26F2760D880E" bold="true" box="[92,324,2811,2845]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Although this species can be locally common,it is rarely trapped on the ground, and is more commonly taken from nests situated in natural or modified tree hollows. These can be 10 m above ground, and it is possible that activity is more or less confined to the canopy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E169279172478FB5" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E169279172478FB5" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E1692791744788A9" bold="true" box="[94,782,2968,3002]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Like other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03477FFC6E5702791739B88A9" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1095,1234,2968,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species nests communally. Menzies and Dennis reported two groups, one with two males and two females (one pregnant), and the other with four adults and one newborn young. Flannery reported on six groups observed on Fergusson Island in August 1992: group size was 2-5, always including asingle adult female, usually a single adult male, and up to four immature individuals, often of contrastingsizes and probably derived from consecutive litters. Flannery also commented on the docile nature of newly captured individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E15720A5719A8274" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E15720A5719A8274" blockId="81.[83,1306,257,3482]" lastBlockId="81.[1360,2567,284,477]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E15720A576898FDD" bold="true" box="[96,448,3244,3278]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. This species was being heavily exploited on Fergusson Island as a wild food resource at the time of Flannery’s visit in August 1992, but he remarked that “As yet, this does not seem to have affected the species adversely.” Perhaps a greater concern is that its elevational range on the Southeast Papuan Peninsula corresponds with peak forestry activity and the growth of plantations, especially of oil palm. Similar developments are also affecting the lower-elevation habitats of Forbes’s Tree Mouse on each of the larger islands of the D’Entrecasteaux group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83477FFC6E4662D707FBD82CE" pageId="81" pageNumber="681" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633477FFC6E4662D707FBD82CE" blockId="81.[1360,2567,284,477]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713477FFC6E4662D7072A0829D" bold="true" box="[1361,1513,377,398]" pageId="81" pageNumber="681">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Dennis & Menzies (1979), Ellerman (1941), Flannery (1995a, 1995b),Laurie (1952), Laurie & Hill (1954), Menzies & Dennis (1979), Musser & Carleton (1993, 2005), Rowe et al. (2008), Rimmler (1938), Tate (1951), Tate & Archbold (1935b), Thomas (1888b, 1895d), Watts & Baverstock (1994a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |