249 lines
33 KiB
XML
249 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="7457E9F040BE6F05C5BEA46435A043BC" ID-CLB-Dataset="100954" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6887260" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887260" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1656696812616" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="1E30E275340AFFBAE4622AA2722D8462" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Muridae_0536.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Meriones libycus Lichtenstein 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="644" masterDocId="E2099A0D3426FF97E1372C0977498313" masterDocTitle="Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="884" masterPageNumber="536" pageNumber="643" updateTime="1718983125921" updateUser="carolina">
|
||
<mods:mods id="EED8DC914B1E2C9F08F1DA4ABE9400E2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="30F03C221A8B2955FD93C9FA5003B51F">
|
||
<mods:title id="826F9917FBC2945E56485D8179B4E94D">Muridae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8099CF31372688B6BFED84D90173F78D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4D59E0AC1840777620DAA8DF7220DB90">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="13579CDDAF6BD3AADD4BF4AA930C5AFE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7165D8E0D265D241285FDA569666A844">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7BF5880AF6DB09EE099CF3C9080AEF33" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6786313C201BA01A26F94301C7DFF037">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9B4115543F7B793D93C5E0EEA597EC1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DF33DA50153B9433DCFD5CEB858FA784">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="95D1B5DED5D451734BE96A5151013ACA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="74CBE17A9607E836E000FCC755EFB7AB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FD44994BC621B4F3D17D9F3725546C0A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="07FD065CD3425DBE8625A49B7098ADCE">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="160E3BF35B980270C217CCFDE153A972">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="BB31DF0B40EBCFA686B51C6568CEA1F5" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="62C426494AD955008203EC930EDE6E22">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="E4FC9FEAF8A5F02828F6B5B0D9FAC473">2017</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="DDF292769885778B97A3A56B04B51405" type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="7C8EDC46B8B910D31A47DF1A56FA3E51">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="8B69ED268CF2C884D2892ADB23A282AF">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="CA2FD498F0C011514480ECD41D6051D5">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="4A21668A460ECB02B75978F9F0038CCE">
|
||
<mods:title id="64B727848CF3D20A3D9A3B134D90E822">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0F8E0892B8556222E973B5DEE8BEC92E">
|
||
<mods:extent id="C50FFA88711CC78C29920F75A8C5F8DD" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F58A07503000F3C58B5DBC6F3C97F44B">536</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F8B4EF62D42C8BD8279DDE5B15F478F5">884</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C3B540A0A343EF9BCEEF1588BEE62786">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3C3F7B29ED768A76A38FD9356E9BBD75" type="CLB-Dataset">100954</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DD5F1FF066C2778C2E47E4A8BCB472DF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6887260</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="86F17414A48C2464249AEAC3546E7F71" type="GBIF-Dataset">a016af63-6437-427b-80b7-22bc9a002e20</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BCF85B50151B266906818D0C9341A648" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5040EB0234C0E8D6723F864D10E9EE03" type="Zenodo-Dep">6887260</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="1E30E275340AFFBAE4622AA2722D8462" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6827166" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6827166" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E275340AFFBAE4622AA2722D8462" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E275340AFFBAE4622AA2722D8462" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="644" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE4622AA272ED85CA" box="[1365,1444,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE4622AA272ED85CA" blockId="44.[1361,2189,1707,1832]" box="[1365,1444,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F340AFFBBE4622AA272ED85CA" box="[1365,1444,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<figureCitation id="0EA24FE6340AFFBBE4622AA272ED85CA" box="[1365,1444,1707,1753]" captionStart="Plate 37: Muridae" captionStartId="44.[87,117,3346,3367]" captionTargetBox="[12,2716,14,3648]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="138. Sundevall’s Jird (Meriones crassus), 139. Moroccan Jird (Meriones grandis), 140. Libyan Jird (Meriones libycus), 141. Shaw's Jird (Meriones shaw), 142. Tristram’s Jird (Meriones tristrami), 143. Dahl's Jird (Meriones dahl), 144. Vinogradov’s Jird (Meriones vinogradoui), 145. Buxton’s Jird (Meriones sacramenti), 146. King Jird (Meriones rex), 147. Arabian Jird (Meriones arimalius), 148. Persian Jird (Meriones persicus), 149. Zarudny’s Jird (Meriones zarudnyi), 150. Indian Desert Jird (Meriones hurrianae), 151. Cheng’s Jird (Meriones chengi), 152. Midday Jird (Meriones meridianus), 153. Tamarisk Jird (Meriones tamariscinus), 154. Mongolian Jird (Meriones unguiculatus), 155. Przewalski’s Jird (Brachiones przewalskii), 156. Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus), 157. Lesser Sand Rat (Psammomys vexillaris), 158. Great Gerbil (Rhombomys oprmus), 159. Buttner’s African Forest Mouse (Leimacomys buettneri), 160. Maned Rat (Lophiomys imhausi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887374/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">140.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE4822AA271D385CA" box="[1461,1690,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE4822AA271D385CA" blockId="44.[1361,2189,1707,1832]" box="[1461,1690,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F340AFFBBE4822AA271D385CA" box="[1461,1690,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D340AFFBBE4822AA271D385CA" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1461,1690,1707,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">Libyan Jird</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE7D62AA270B685CA" box="[1761,2047,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE7D62AA270B685CA" blockId="44.[1361,2189,1707,1832]" box="[1761,2047,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F340AFFBBE7D62AA270B685CA" box="[1761,2047,1707,1753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE7D62AA270B685CA" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1761,2047,1707,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE7D62AA270B685CA" box="[1761,2047,1707,1753]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Meriones libycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE4662AE2701C843B" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE4662AE27FC48413" blockId="44.[1361,2189,1707,1832]" box="[1361,2189,1771,1792]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F340AFFBBE4662AE27FC48413" box="[1361,2189,1771,1792]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE4662AE272D48413" bold="true" box="[1361,1437,1771,1792]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D340AFFBBE4902AE2711A8413" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1447,1619,1771,1792]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">Mérione de Lybie</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE75F2AE2718B8413" bold="true" box="[1640,1730,1771,1792]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D340AFFBBE7FA2AE2703C8413" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1741,1909,1771,1792]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">Libyen-Rennratte</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE6BE2AE270AC8413" bold="true" box="[1929,2021,1771,1792]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D340AFFBBE6D92AE27FC48413" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[2030,2189,1771,1792]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">Gerbillo de Libia</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE4662B1A701C843B" blockId="44.[1361,2189,1707,1832]" box="[1361,1877,1811,1832]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<heading id="CD6EE40F340AFFBBE4662B1A701C843B" box="[1361,1877,1811,1832]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE4662B1A7101843B" bold="true" box="[1361,1608,1811,1832]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="189A234D340AFFBBE7672B1A701C843B" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1616,1877,1811,1832]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">Asiatic Hairy-footed Gerbil</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE6822B5070B7848E" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE6822B5070B7848E" blockId="44.[1973,2567,1881,2304]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE6822B507F198465" bold="true" box="[1973,2128,1881,1910]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE9512B5070B3848E" ID-CoL="7VTBN" authority="Lichtenstein, 1823" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">Meriones libycus Lichtenstein, 1823</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE93D2B897EAC848E" box="[2058,2533,1920,1949]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE93D2B897EAC848E" blockId="44.[1973,2567,1881,2304]" box="[2058,2533,1920,1949]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="26F1593E340AFFBBE93D2B897EAC848E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424605" box="[2058,2533,1920,1949]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">“deserto libyco [= Libian desert].”</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE6812BAA71228A3B" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE6812BAA71228A3B" blockId="44.[1973,2567,1881,2304]" lastBlockId="44.[1361,2565,2310,3248]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
F. Petter in 1961 did not recognize any subspecies in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE94C2BC37FB784FF" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[2171,2302,1994,2028]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">M. libycus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with single excep- tion of giant Mesopotamian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE8572BFF7EB68B00" box="[2400,2559,2038,2067]" form="syrius" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" rank="form">form syrius</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species was revised by G. B. Corbet in 1978 and by I. Ya. Pavlinov and colleagues in 1990. Molecular analysis by M. Ito and colleagues in 2010 found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE81B24997EF98BA1" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[2348,2480,2192,2226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libycus">M. libycus</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be sister species to clade constituted by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE88324BE7D4E8BCA" authorityName="Yerbury & Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[2484,2567,2231,2265]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">M. rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE6CE24D77FCF8A13" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1842" box="[2041,2182,2270,2304]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassus">M. crassus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE466253C71D98907" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="C2E603EB340AFFBBE466253C71D98907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6898730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6898730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6898730/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" startId="44.[1361,1533,2357,2382]" targetBox="[1359,1950,1884,2294]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE466253C71D98907" blockId="44.[1361,2565,2310,3248]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE466253C71488A5D" bold="true" box="[1361,1537,2357,2382]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N Africa from Morocco, Western Sahara, and extreme N Mauritania E through Algeria (High Plains and Hoggar and Tassili Mts), S Tunisia, and N Libya to Egypt (W of Nile River), Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Arabian Peninsula, Transcaucasia, Iran (except Elburz Mts and Caspian coastal plain), and from S Kazakhstan and NW China (Xinjiang) S to Afghanistan and Pakistan (S Waziristan and Balochistan); it may occur in Turkey (S Anatolia).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBBE46626107ECD8834" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE46626107ECD8834" blockId="44.[1361,2565,2310,3248]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE466261071058928" bold="true" box="[1361,1612,2585,2619]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 123-170 mm, tail 115-190 mm, ear 15-22 mm, hindfoot 32-41 mm; weight 60-140 g. Females bear eight mammae. A medium-sized jird, the Libyan Jird has tawny-gray dorsum and white venter. Soles of hindfeet are partially hairy, and claws black. Tail is of about the same length as combined head-body length (c.100%) and terminates in conspicuous black tuft. Tympanic bullae are inflated and represent 33-39% of maximum length of skull. Asiatic individuals are presumably larger than those in Africa. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44, FN = 74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340AFFBAE466273876AF8263" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="644" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE46627387D4B8FA3" blockId="44.[1361,2565,2310,3248]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340AFFBBE466273872F6885D" bold="true" box="[1361,1471,2865,2894]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Libyan Jirds prefer low-lying areas in arid and semiarid areas (steppes, semideserts, deserts) with compact and hard soil. They avoid mountain slopes and rocky regions. They require sparse and bushy vegetation, such as tamarisk (7amarix,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE8AE278972FA88D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Tamaricaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), palm, or acacia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE78127AA704688D6" box="[1718,1807,2979,3013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE62827AA70E988D6" box="[1823,1952,2979,3013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) groves. They may be found also in “wadis” (ephemeral riverbeds) and “dayas” (seasonally flooded basins), and have been recorded as thriving in sandy soils in Jordan and Algeria; in Syria they were captured in semiarid places with dense vegetation and dominance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE91E20107EB78F28" box="[2089,2558,3097,3131]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Anabasis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="syriaca">Anabasis syriaca (Amaranthaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In upland regions of Pakistan, the Libyan Jird lives in valleys and low-lying areas and avoids slopes or rockyelevations, which are preferred by the Persian Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE86A20617EBC8F99" box="[2397,2549,3176,3210]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">M. persicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In these lowland areas of Balochistan, the Libyan Jird is associated with tamarisk in
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C2E603EB340AFFBBE160211B7FF38E8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6887374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887374/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" startId="44.[87,117,3346,3367]" targetBox="[12,2716,14,3648]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340AFFBBE160211B7FF38E8E" blockId="44.[85,2504,3325,3488]" pageId="44" pageNumber="643">
|
||
On following pages: 141. Shaw's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE0CF211B75168E34" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[504,607,3346,3367]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Meriones</taxonomicName>
|
||
shawii); 142. Tristram's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE2AB211B732F8E34" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[924,1126,3346,3367]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristrami">Meriones tristrami</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 143. Dahl's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE406211B72D18E34" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[1329,1432,3346,3367]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Meriones</taxonomicName>
|
||
dahl); 144. Vinogradov's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE7D2211B709B8E34" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1931" box="[1765,2002,3346,3367]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vinogradovi">Meriones vinogradovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 145. Buxton's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE98E211B7E698E34" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[2233,2336,3346,3367]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Meriones</taxonomicName>
|
||
sacrament); 146. King Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE1CC213376C58E5C" authorityName="Yerbury & Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[251,396,3386,3407]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">Meriones rex</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 147. Arabian Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE356213374788E5C" authorityName="Cheesman & Hinton" authorityYear="1924" box="[609,817,3386,3407]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arimalius">Meriones arimalius</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 148. Persian Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE53C2133739F8E5C" box="[1035,1238,3386,3407]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persicus">Meriones persicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 149. Zarudny's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE4F0213371D98E5C" authorityName="Heptner" authorityYear="1937" box="[1479,1680,3386,3407]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zarudnyi">Meriones zarudnyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 150. Indian Desert Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE69B21337FCB8E5C" authorityName="Jordon" authorityYear="1867" box="[1964,2178,3386,3407]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hurrianae">Meriones hurrianae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 151. Cheng'’s Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE868213371718E65" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Meriones" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">Meriones cheng); 152. Midday Jird (Meriones meridianus); 153. Tamarisk Jird (Meriones tamariscinus); 154. Mongolian Jird (Meriones unguiculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 155. Przewalski's Jird (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE67121687F778E65" baseAuthorityName="Buchner" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1862,2110,3425,3446]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Brachiones" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="przewalskii">Brachiones przewalskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 156. Fat Sand Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE8132168714D8E8E" authority="Forest Mouse" authorityName="Forest Mouse" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Psammomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psammomys obesus); 157. Lesser Sand Rat (Psammomys vexillaris), 158. Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus); 159. Bittner's African Forest Mouse</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE723218D70418E8E" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1893" box="[1556,1800,3460,3485]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Leimacomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buettneri">Leimacomys buettneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 160. Maned Rat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340AFFBBE6EC218D7FE68E8E" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" box="[2011,2223,3460,3485]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Lophiomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="44" pageNumber="643" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imhausi">Lophiomys imhausi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE1862D2276AF8263" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">sandy floodplains or edges of cultures in broader valleys. The species may be found at up to 2300 m altitude.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340BFFBAE1862D73740581C0" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE1862D73740581C0" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340BFFBAE1862D7376F28284" bold="true" box="[177,443,378,407]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Libyan Jirds are granivorous and herbivorous. Seeds and grasses, cereals, fruit seeds, rhizomes, bulbs, and succulent plants are favored, and these are stored in burrows. In Pakistan, this jird has been seen to eat seeds of grasses such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE1832DE5761D811D" authorityName="Röder" authorityYear="1881" box="[180,340,492,526]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chrysopogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrysopogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, young shoots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE3642DE575FA811D" box="[595,691,492,526]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bromus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE22F2DE574D9811D" box="[792,912,492,526]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and green parts of leguminous shrubs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE0132E1A76AA8126" box="[292,483,531,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Sophora mollis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE0C32E1A753E8126" box="[500,631,531,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE3FD2E1A74608126" box="[714,809,531,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lycium</taxonomicName>
|
||
barbarum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE2F52E1A732D8126" box="[962,1124,531,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE4392E1A76EE814F" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amaryllidaceae">Allium (Amaryllidaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE0882E3675A4814F" box="[447,749,575,604]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Scilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Asparagaceae">Scilla (Asparagaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE27B2E36730B814F" box="[844,1090,575,604]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Liliaceae">Tulipa (Liliaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
bulbs. Libyan Jirds require very limited amounts of water. They bring to their burrows various other vegetable matter, as well as seeds and grain; a single cache weighing as much as 30 kg was found stored in nest chamber in Turkmenistan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340BFFBAE1862ED1740F8062" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE1862ED1740F8062" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340BFFBAE1862ED1767181E9" bold="true" box="[177,312,728,762]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Libyan Jirds breed throughout year. Females may bear 3-13 embryos, gestation period is 24 days, and each litter contains 2-7 offspring (average 2-8). Young are born naked and blind, hairs appear after four days, eyes open between day 12 and day 17. Sexual maturity is reached at three months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340BFFBAE1872F7F741987C0" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE1872F7F741987C0" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340BFFBAE1872F7F76E9808B" bold="true" box="[176,416,886,920]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Although generally nocturnal, the Libyan Jird may be diurnal in north-western China. Itis terrestrial, digging burrows in ephemeral riverbeds (“wadis”) and in “sebkas” (shallow depressions) where small bushes are present. In Pakistan it feeds during dayand signals danger with foot-drumming. Burrows are established at base of small bushes and on small hills, generally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE243281A725A8726" authority="jujuba" authorityName="Jujuba" box="[884,1299,1043,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
bush being selected for burrow location. Burrows have large diameter of c¢.10 m, and have 2-8 entrances with tunnels leading to at least one food-storage room of ¢.30 cm diameter situated 1-5 m below surface. There may be two systems of sinuous galleries connected by a single tunnel with 25% declivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340BFFBAE18628D4763C8525" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE18628D4763C8525" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340BFFBAE18628D474CB87E9" bold="true" box="[177,898,1245,1274]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Libyan Jirds live in small groups but not sharing same burrows. In China, they may occupy same habitat and burrows as Great Gerbil (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E0340BFFBAE0AB292E75D0865A" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[412,665,1319,1353]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rhombomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opimus">Rhombomys opimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and may live in large groups of 25-30 individuals during winter. In captivity, individuals are not aggressive. The species is mobile and changes burrow frequently or migrates when environmental conditions deteriorate. In Hazarganji-Chiltan National Park (Pakistan), males shown to have larger home range diameters than females (44-9 m vs. 39-9 m). In Turkmenistan these ranges may be larger, up to 120 m. In regions with colder climate, the animals are able to enter torpor during winter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340BFFBAE1852A36727585E9" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE1852A36727585E9" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340BFFBAE1852A367545854F" bold="true" box="[178,524,1599,1628]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Libyan Jird is relatively abundant. In Iran, dense populations are present close to agricultural areas. In Balochistan and Arabia, the species can do considerable damage to crops (lucerne, tomato, potato). In cerealfields of Central Asia, too, these rodents are pests: it has been calculated that they can remove up to 20% of vegetation from pastures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E8340BFFBAE1842B04722D8462" pageId="45" pageNumber="644" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="96265363340BFFBAE1842B04722D8462" blockId="45.[172,1383,299,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F71340BFFBAE1842B0476028431" bold="true" box="[179,331,1805,1826]" pageId="45" pageNumber="644">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Amr (2000), Atallah(1978), Aulagnier & Thévenot (1986), Bray et al. (2014), Corbet (1978), Ito et al. (2010), Krystufek & Vohralik (2009), Lay (1967), Osborn & Helmy (1980), Pavlinov et al. (1990), Qumsiyeh (1996), Qumsiyeh et al. (1986), Petter (1961c), Roberts (1977), Scott & Dunstone (2000), Smith & Yan Xie (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |