197 lines
24 KiB
XML
197 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D824A7A00C575341187BF94577B2E88B">Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ECBA4EE68445637DAFEE66091F56743E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A91B6FA70EED4B8C0BF3822238C46426">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F61FDC282D0FFC05083373C6E09A740D">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="94502CFD31A3E53B739E4A3D18529170">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="1E30E2753406FFB6E455211776328BB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6868187" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197826171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6868187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E30E2753406FFB6E455211776328BB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E30E2753406FFB6E455211776328BB4" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="632" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83406FFB7E455211772F88E57" box="[1378,1457,3358,3396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="962653633406FFB7E455211772F88E57" blockId="32.[1373,2229,3321,3477]" box="[1378,1457,3358,3396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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<figureCitation id="0EA24FE63406FFB7E455211772F88E57" box="[1378,1457,3358,3396]" captionStart="Plate 35: Muridae" captionStartId="28.[101,131,3308,3333]" captionTargetBox="[11,2715,14,3648]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="86. Ammodile (Ammodillus imbellis), 87. Pleasant Gerbil (Gerbillus amoenus), 88. Anderson’s Gerbil (Gerbillus andersoni), 89. Botta’s Gerbil (Gerbillus bottai), 90. North African Gerbil (Gerbillus campestris), 91. Flower’s Gerbil (Gerbillus floweri), 92. Algerian Gerbil (Gerbillus garamantis), 93. Lesser Egyptian Gerbil (Gerbillus gerbillus), 94. Grobben’s Gerbil (Gerbillus grobbeni), 95. Pygmy Gerbil (Gerbillus henleyi), 96. Moroccan Gerbil (Gerbillus hesperinus), 97. Hoogstraal’s Gerbil (Gerbillus hoogstraali), 98. James's Gerbil (Gerbillus jamesi), 99. Lataste’s Gerbil (Gerbillus latastei), 100. Greater Short-tailed Gerbil (Gerbillus maghrebi), 101. Occidental Gerbil (Gerbillus occiduus), 102. Lesser Short-tailed Gerbil (Gerbillus simoni), 103. Sand Gerbil (Gerbullus syrticus), 104. Tarabul Gerbil (Gerbillus tarabuli), 105. Vivacious Gerbil (Gerbillus vivax), 106. Waters’s Gerbil (Gerbillus watersi), 107. Agag Gerbil (Gerbillus agag), 108. Lowe’s Gerbil (Gerbillus lower), 109. Mauritanian Gerbil (Gerbillus mauritaniae), 110. Darfur Gerbil (Gerbillus muriculus), 111. Sudan Gerbil (Gerbillus nancillus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6887348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6887348/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">104.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83406FFB7E4F5211771BB8E57" box="[1474,1778,3358,3396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="962653633406FFB7E4F5211771BB8E57" blockId="32.[1373,2229,3321,3477]" box="[1474,1778,3358,3396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E4F5211771BB8E57" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1474,1778,3358,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Tarabul Gerbil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83406FFB7E60C21177F398E57" box="[1851,2160,3358,3396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="962653633406FFB7E60C21177F398E57" blockId="32.[1373,2229,3321,3477]" box="[1851,2160,3358,3396]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03406FFB7E60C21177F398E57" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1851,2160,3358,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713406FFB7E60C21177F398E57" box="[1851,2160,3358,3396]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">Gerbillus tarabuli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83406FFB7E468215E70F88E87" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="962653633406FFB7E468215E72EE8E7F" blockId="32.[1373,2229,3321,3477]" box="[1375,1447,3415,3436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713406FFB7E468215E72EE8E7F" bold="true" box="[1375,1447,3415,3436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E468215E72EE8E7F" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1375,1447,3415,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">French</vernacularName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="962653633406FFB7E491215E7FFC8E7F" blockId="32.[1373,2229,3321,3477]" box="[1446,2229,3415,3436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713406FFB7E491215E72E38E7F" bold="true" box="[1446,1450,3415,3436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E484215E71108E7F" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1459,1625,3415,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Gerbille de Lybie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713406FFB7E759215E71818E7F" bold="true" box="[1646,1736,3415,3436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E7F9215E70CE8E7F" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1742,1927,3415,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Tarabul-Rennmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713406FFB7E6AC215E70BE8E7F" bold="true" box="[1947,2039,3415,3436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E937215E7FFC8E7F" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[2048,2229,3415,3436]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Gerbillo de Tarabul</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="962653633406FFB7E469217670F88E87" blockId="32.[1373,2229,3321,3477]" box="[1374,1969,3455,3476]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713406FFB7E4692176711C8E87" bold="true" box="[1374,1621,3455,3476]" pageId="32" pageNumber="631">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E768217671A88E87" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1631,1761,3455,3476]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Libyan Gerbil</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="189A234D3406FFB7E7D8217670F88E87" ID-CoL="7V4X8" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1775,1969,3455,3476]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="32" pageNumber="631" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Riggenbach's Gerbil</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E2242D2074A9827E" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E2242D2074A9827E" blockId="33.[785,1380,297,721]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E2242D2074E68255" bold="true" box="[787,943,297,326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E2FA2D207492827E" ID-CoL="7V4X8" authority="Thomas, 1902" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyramidum" subSpecies="tarabuli">Gerbillus pyramidum tarabuli Thomas, 1902</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E2DB2D5D73ED827E" box="[1004,1188,340,365]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E2DB2D5D73ED827E" blockId="33.[785,1380,297,721]" box="[1004,1188,340,365]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
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<materialsCitation id="26F1593E3407FFB6E2DB2D5D73ED827E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864424761" box="[1004,1188,340,365]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Sebha, Libya.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E2202D7D745780A8" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E2202D7D745780A8" blockId="33.[785,1380,297,721]" lastBlockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E2202D7D74BC8285" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[791,1013,372,406]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">Gerbillus tarabuli</taxonomicName>
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was earlier considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E2EB2D9273DC82AE" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[988,1173,411,445]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">G. pyramidum</taxonomicName>
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, with which it shares some morphological characters, but D. M. Lay in 1983 suggested that it merits treatment as a full species on chromosomal and morphological grounds. Further re- visions of various geographical forms in Tibesti (Chad) and desert areas, combined with cytogenetic studies, have supported the present constitution, distribution and speciesstatus of
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E2EB2EDC732C81E4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[988,1125,725,759]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">G. tarabuli</taxonomicName>
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, as outlined by G. G. Musser and M. D. Carleton in 2005. Molecular work by A. Abiadh and colleagues in 2010 found
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E06A2F2176958056" authorityName="Thomas & Trouessart" authorityYear="1903" box="[349,476,808,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latastei">G. latastei</taxonomicName>
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as sister taxon of
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E3D52F2174248056" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[738,877,808,837]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">G. tarabuli</taxonomicName>
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, but those authors did not include
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E1982F42762A807E" box="[175,355,843,877]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyramidum">G. pyramidum</taxonomicName>
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in their analyses. A. Ndiaye and team in 2014 found
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E57C2F42739C807E" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1902" box="[1099,1237,843,877]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarabuli">G. tarabuli</taxonomicName>
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from Morocco to be closer to
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E0FA2F7275158087" authorityName="Lay" authorityYear="1975" box="[461,604,891,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occiduus">G. occiduus</taxonomicName>
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and distant from
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E2642F7274828087" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[851,971,891,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Gerbillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henleyi">G. henleyi</taxonomicName>
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, which was also confirmed by V. Nicolas and colleagues in 2014. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E19C2FCC75208723" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="distribution">
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<caption id="C2E603EB3407FFB6E19C2FCC75208723" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6898666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6898666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6898666/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" startId="33.[171,343,965,994]" targetBox="[171,764,301,717]" targetPageId="33">
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<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E19C2FCC75208723" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E19C2FCC761280F1" bold="true" box="[171,347,965,994]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Sahelian savannas and desert areas from S Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, and
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<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E0A12FE1756A8719" box="[406,547,1000,1034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solanecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegal">N Senegal</taxonomicName>
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E through Algeria, S Tunisia, Mali (N of Niger River), and Niger to C Libya and NW Chad.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E19D2835720B8656" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="description">
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<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E19D2835720B8656" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
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<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E19D283576D3874A" bold="true" box="[170,410,1084,1113]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 84-117 mm, tail 107-155 mm, ear 12-16-5 mm, hindfoot 25-31 mm; weight 19-46 g. Significant sexual dimorphism exists in head-body length and hindfoot length, with females smaller than males. The Tarabul Gerbil is a medium-sized gerbil with sandy to orange-brown dorsal pelage and white venter. Preorbital, supraorbital and post-auricular white spots are visible, and forefeet and hindfeet are white, with hairy soles. Long tail (120-145% of head-body length) ends in marked pencil of dark hairs. Females bear four pairs of mammae. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 40, FNa = 74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E19E2942731E8519" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E19E2942731E8519" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E19E29427651867E" bold="true" box="[169,280,1355,1389]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tarabul Gerbil may live in various types of habitats in Sahelian savannas. In Mali and Nigerit is found in sandy zones with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E25A297E748A8687" box="[877,963,1399,1428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E2C1297E73988687" box="[1014,1233,1399,1428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">Prosopis africana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E402297E764686AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In Mauritania it iscommon in fixed dunes and sandy silt soils with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E5D92993763F86F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Capparaceae" genus="Capparis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Capparaceae">Capparis (Capparaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E32229CF745586F0" box="[533,796,1478,1507]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Poaceae">Panicum (Poaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
bush. It can be found also in any sandy substrate, including those in close proximity to human settlements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E19F2A1976898544" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E19F2A1976898544" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E19F2A1976E48521" bold="true" box="[168,429,1552,1586]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tarabul Gerbil is probably granivorous, but no real study ofits diet has been made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E19F2A56745885DD" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E19F2A56745885DD" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E19F2A5676678592" bold="true" box="[168,302,1631,1665]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Main breeding season of The Tarabul Gerbil in Mauritania was seen to be April-November, during wet season. Pregnant females may have 3-6 embryos in Mauritania and 2-6 in Mali-Niger (average 4-1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E1912ADC7211840C" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E1912ADC7211840C" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E1912ADC76DB85E4" bold="true" box="[166,402,1749,1783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tarabul Gerbil is nocturnal and terrestrial. It digs shallow (15— 25 cm beneath surface) but complex burrows, with openings plugged during daytime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E1902B2D74F084A8" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E1902B2D74F084A8" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E1902B2D742E8455" bold="true" box="[167,871,1828,1862]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Tarabul Gerbil is probably less mobile than other gerbils. Maximum recapture distance in four days varied between 7-5 m and 30 m. Tarabul Gerbils are able to return to burrows even if released at 1000 m or 200 m, respectively, in 69% and 40% ofcases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E1902BC875918B23" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E1902BC875918B23" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E1902BC8755B84F0" bold="true" box="[167,530,1985,2019]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Tarabul Gerbil arrived recently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="519928E03407FFB6E3BB2BE175B38B19" box="[652,762,2024,2058]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solanecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegal">Senegal</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was interpreted as result of increasingly arid climate and Sahara extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE8300E83407FFB6E191244976328BB4" pageId="33" pageNumber="632" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="962653633407FFB6E191244976328BB4" blockId="33.[166,1376,725,2215]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4ED8F713407FFB6E191244976768B4A" bold="true" box="[166,319,2112,2137]" pageId="33" pageNumber="632">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abiadh, Chétoui et al. (2010), Abiadh, Colangelo et al. (2010), Granjon & Dobigny (2003), Granjon & Duplantier (2009), Granjon etal. (1999), Lay (1983), Musser & Carleton (2005), Ndiaye et al. (2014), Nicolas, Ndiaye et al. (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |