treatments-xml/data/35/CF/22/35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew &amp; Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="Bavarioboa hermi Szyndlar &amp; Schleich 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1667366289781" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0678</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland &amp; Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5824</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden &amp; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="35CF224F-3C22-5FAB-A52D-B2508CEF366B" authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">Bavarioboa cf. hermi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. &quot; Colubrinae &quot; indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 18A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Forty-two trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2146-2148, one cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2150 and HLMD-Ez 2150a.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Trunk vertebrae: All but one trunk vertebrae come from the middle trunk portion of the column. Some of them are preserved in relatively good condition, perhaps due to their robust morphology as characteristic of constrictors. In lateral view, these vertebrae are as high as long. In dorsal and ventral views, they are distinctly wider than long. In the largest and best-preserved vertebra HLMD-Ez 2148, the centrum length measures 5.7 mm, centrum width - 7.2 mm, centrum length/centrum width equals 0.8. The interzygapophyseal constriction, especially in larger vertebrae, is weakly expressed. The centrum is subtriangular in shape. The haemal keel is prominent, broad and slightly broadening posteriorly. In a few vertebrae, however, the keel looks like a biconcave lens owing to the presence of a distinct constriction, located at the level of the subcentral foramina, and prominent broadenings at the anterior and posterior ends. The subcentral grooves and subcentral ridges are prominent. The neural arch is moderately depressed. The neural spine is very low (approximately three times longer than high), thick, and widening posteriorly (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. &quot; Colubrinae &quot; indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18A</figureCitation>
). It occupies more than one half the length of the neural arch and begins immediately behind the zygosphenal articular facets. The zygosphenal roof is slightly convex or roughly straight in dorsal view. The prezygapophyseal and postzygapophyseal articular facets are usually subsquare in shape. The prezygapophyseal processes (if preserved) are very short and hardly visible dorsally. The paradiapophyses are subsquare in outline, higher than long, with indistinct subdivision into para- and diapophyseal portions. The cotyle and condyle are slightly flattened. The subcentral and lateral foramina are large. The paracotylar foramina are absent (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. &quot; Colubrinae &quot; indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 18.</emphasis>
Snakes from the Echzell. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">Bavarioboa cf. hermi</taxonomicName>
(HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F-J.</emphasis>
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Colubrinae">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
&quot; indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K, L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Colubroides" genus="Naja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">Naja cf. romani</taxonomicName>
(HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, F, K</emphasis>
) lateral, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, G, L</emphasis>
) dorsal, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, H, M</emphasis>
) ventral, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D, I, N</emphasis>
) anterior and (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, J, O</emphasis>
) posterior views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">In the sole anterior trunk vertebra HLMD-Ez 2146, the haemal keel is replaced by a ventrally directed hypapophysis (its distal portion is broken). The neural spine of this vertebra is very short and relatively high in lateral view. Apart from these characteristics, the anterior trunk vertebra does not differ significantly from the middle trunk vertebrae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Cloacal vertebra: One cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, as characteristic for the sacral portion of the column, is provided with paired lymphapophyses (their distal ends are broken). The centrum length measures 3.4 mm, centrum width - 4.1 mm, centrum length / centrum width equals 0.8. Surprisingly, located on the ventral side of the centrum, minute but distinct paired haemapophyses are present, thus far the trait unknown in the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Caudal vertebrae: Four caudal vertebrae are provided with paired pleurapophyses (missing or partly missing in some vertebrae). In the largest caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2150, the centrum length is 4.0 mm, centrum width 4.5 mm, centrum length / centrum width 0.9. Situated on the ventral side of the centrum, are short but distinct paired haemapophyses (partly broken).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The constrictor from Echzell displays clearly diagnostic features of the genus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so among others: mid-trunk vertebrae distinctly wider than long; the interzygapophyseal constriction well expressed; the neural arch moderately depressed; the neural spine approximately as high as long, occupying one half the length of the neural arch; the haemal keel prominent; the zygosphene usually roughly straight; the prezygapophyses located clearly above the floor of the neural canal; the long axis of prezygapophyseal facets oblique in dorsal view; the prezygapophyseal processes weakly developed; the paradiapophyses subsquare in shape, with indistinct subdivision into para- and diapophyseal portions (
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
). By their morphological characteristics and also relatively large size, the vertebrae are similar to those of the type species, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa hermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurring in the German and Czech late early Miocene (
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B128" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Schleich, HH, 1993. Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with Comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian Faunas of Southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie) 192: 1 - 47" title="Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with Comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian Faunas of Southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde." volume="192" year="1993">Szyndlar and Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" author="Ivanov, M" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="343 - 376" refId="B70" refString="Ivanov, M, Cernansky, A, Bonilla-Salomon, I, Lujan, ÀH, 2020. Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications. Geodiversitas 42: 343 - 376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" title="Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" volume="42" year="2020">Ivanov et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). However, the peculiar hourglass-shaped haemal keels observed in a few trunk vertebrae suggest affinities with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Rage" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa crocheti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocheti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa crocheti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the French late Oligocene. Interestingly, the sole mid-trunk vertebra of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported from Turkey by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="667 - 671" refId="B125" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Hosgoer, I, 2012. Bavarioboa sp. (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Oligocene / Miocene of eastern Turkey with comments on connections between European and Asiatic snake faunas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57: 667 - 671, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" title="Bavarioboa sp. (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Oligocene / Miocene of eastern Turkey with comments on connections between European and Asiatic snake faunas." url="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" volume="57" year="2012">
Szyndlar and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hoşgör">Hosgoer</normalizedToken>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
was provided with a similar (i.e., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Rage" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa crocheti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocheti">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa crocheti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like) keel. Nonetheless, other morphological traits of the vertebrae from Echzell suggest that the snake represented 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa hermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a closely related form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
There is yet another strange anatomical peculiarity observed in the sole cloacal vertebra of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Echzell, namely the presence of the paired haemapophyses. This is surprising, because, in virtually all recent genera of the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
, haemapophyses are absent in the sacral region of the column as well as they are absent in the anterior caudals. Exactly the same morphological pattern was observed in some species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar &amp; Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose vertebrae coming from the sacral / anterior caudal portion of the column of which were available (
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
). However, there is at last one exception from this tendency in the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
, namely, the presence of haemapophyses was confirmed in the posterior cloacal vertebrae (as well in the anterior caudals) in the living boine 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicrates cenchria" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Szyndlar, unpublished observation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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