731 lines
62 KiB
XML
731 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62ebf072-3d21-48cf-91f3-f25b5a83697b" ID-PMC="PMC7410850" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-71-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8E50180F4871515AA7C2AB2EB0BA1197" ID-PubMed="32831551" ModsDocID="1314-4049-71-23" checkinTime="1596173315803" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Haelewaters, Danny & Kesel, Andre De" docDate="2020" docId="05D965C79F3651FBACB1D37F47851B87" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 71: 23-86" docOrigin="MycoKeys 71" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421" docTitle="Laboulbenia quarantenae Haelewaters & Kesel 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="8E50180F4871515AA7C2AB2EB0BA1197" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="8E50180F4871515AA7C2AB2EB0BA1197" masterDocTitle="Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov." masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668136520736" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Checklist of thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes from Belgium and the Netherlands, including Hesperomyces halyziae and Laboulbenia quarantenae spp. nov.</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Haelewaters, Danny</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America & University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-0834</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">danny.haelewaters@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kesel, Andre De</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-4637</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>71</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>86</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-71-23</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8E50180F4871515AA7C2AB2EB0BA1197</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166017561" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:05D965C79F3651FBACB1D37F47851B87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/05D965C79F3651FBACB1D37F47851B87" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="05D965C7-9F36-51FB-ACB1-D37F47851B87" authority="De Kesel & Haelew." authorityName="Haelewaters & Kesel" authorityYear="2020" class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia quarantenae" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quarantenae" status="sp. nov.">Laboulbenia quarantenae De Kesel & Haelew.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-I Laboulbenia quarantena De Kesel & Haelew. from Bembidion biguttatum, specimen ADK 6448: A mature thallus from prothorax, slide BR 5020212163329 V, holotype B mature thallus from prothorax with less pigmented perithecium C mature thallus from the right mesofemur D-F mature thalli from the right protibia G immature thallus from the prothorax H mature thallus from the right mesofemur I ascospores J-K laboulbenia vulgaris Peyr: J mature thallus from prothorax of Bembidion tetracolum, specimen ADK 5557 K mature thallus from mesothorax of Ocys harpaloides, specimen ADK 6353. One of the diagnostic characteristics of the new species-the positioning of the insertion cell - is shown in a mature thallus of L. quarantenae (E) and one of L. vulgaris (J). Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437754" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyr" authorityYear="1873" class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia vulgaris" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peyr., but the insertion
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="cell" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
is attached to the lower fifth of the posterior margin of the perithecial wall and the outer appendage is composed of 4-6(-8) branches resulting from successive dichotomies starting at the suprabasal
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="cell" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is poorly pigmented or nearly hyaline. The LSU sequence shares 89.7-98.0% identity with other sequenced taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 97.4% with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Letzner" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonum nigrum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Agonum nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 97.5-98.0% with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1790" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limodromus assimilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Limodromus assimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 97.0-98.0% with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Letzner" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonum emarginatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Agonum emarginatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. micans" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="micans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A. micans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loricera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loricera pilicornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilicornis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Loricera pilicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1784" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxypselaphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxypselaphus obscurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Oxypselaphus obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 97.0-97.7% with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion tetracolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracolum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion tetracolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audinet-Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Ocys harpaloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unique molecular synapomorphies in the LSU at positions 503, 545.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="types">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Types.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
: Belgium, Province Vlaams Brabant, Meise, Domein van Bouchout,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.9267056" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.926704">50.9267056N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.3220028" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.322003">4.3220028E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 m a.s.l., 26 Apr. 2019,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
A. De Kesel, rivulet-associated grassland, on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion (Philochtus) biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum" subGenus="Philochtus">Bembidion (Philochtus) biguttatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1779) (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ADK6448 (BR), slide BR5020212163329V (1 mature thallus, prothorax). Isotypes:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">ibid.</emphasis>
|
||
, slides BR5020212162292V (2 mature thalli, right mesofemur), BR5020212161264V (6 mature thalli, right protibia), BR5020212166412V (5 immature thalli, mesothorax), BR5020212165385V (1 mature thallus, right protibia), and BR5020212164357V (1 mature thallus, right mesofemur).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||
: Belgium, Province Vlaams-Brabant, Meise, Domein van Bouchout,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.92745" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.92745">50.92745N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.323917" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.323917">4.323917E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 32 m a.s.l., 30 Apr. 2020,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
A. De Kesel, rivulet-associated grassland, on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. (P.) biguttatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="biguttatum" subGenus="P.">B. (P.) biguttatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ADK6523 (BR), slide BR5020195033527V (2 mature thalli, mesosternum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="quarantena" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">quarantena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was used in 14th-15th century Venetian language for a forty-day isolation period. The new species was described during the 2020 quarantine period imposed to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Thallus" lsidName="Thallus" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Thallus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
300-465
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long from foot to perithecial tip; colored hyaline at the lower receptacular cells (I and II) and the inner appendage, otherwise pigmented light to dark brown; especially the upper receptacular cells (III, IV and V),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Thallus" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
VI, and the perithecium darkening with age.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Cell I</emphasis>
|
||
elongated, usually straight, 56-107
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
22-33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; sometimes bent and then wider at the upper end.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Cell II</emphasis>
|
||
slender, mostly with parallel margins, longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Thallus" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
I, 73-160
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
29-40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, anterior margin shorter than posterior.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Cells III and VI</emphasis>
|
||
side by side, with septum II-III always much shorter than septum II-VI. Cell III with a narrow base, 29-43
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, widening upwards and then 22-29
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at the apex. Cell VI more or less rectangular, 30-34
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
23-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Cell IV</emphasis>
|
||
more or less rectangular, slightly broader than long, 20-32
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
25-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Cell V</emphasis>
|
||
small, triangular, situated in the inner-upper corner of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Thallus" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
IV, 9-14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7-14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, as pigmented as surrounding cells.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Insertion cell</emphasis>
|
||
brownish black, flattened, barely marking a constriction on the posterior margin of the thallus, attached to the lower fifth of the posterior margin of the perithecial wall, 18-25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide and 90-128
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
from the perithecial tip.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Inner appendage</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline, composed of 2-4(-6) short branches, rarely exceeding the perithecial tip, 88-150
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, resulting from successive dichotomies starting at the basal
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Thallus" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter 9-14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Antheridia" lsidName="Antheridia" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Antheridia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
short, flask-shaped, few in number, usually on the young inner appendage and arising laterally from its suprabasal
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Antheridia" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Outer appendage</emphasis>
|
||
up to 250-335
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, extending beyond the perithecial tip, often entirely light brown, composed of 4-6(-8) branches, resulting from successive dichotomies starting at the suprabasal
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Antheridia" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the basal
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Antheridia" lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
longer than broad, 23-32
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
15-21
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, almost entirely hyaline.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Perithecium</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid, venter only very slightly asymmetrical, anterior and posterior margins almost equally convex, 109-157
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
43-64
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, length/width ratio 1.9-2.5, widest in the middle; perithecial tip asymmetrical, with prominent and rounded posterior margin; preostiolar spots black, in older thalli merging into a pre-apical ring, always with distinctly paler zone under the posterior spot.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Ascospores</emphasis>
|
||
two-celled, hyaline, 59-65
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.2-5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, with slime sheath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Material sequenced.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Belgium, Province Vlaams Brabant, Meise, Domein van Bouchout,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.9267056" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.926704">50.9267056N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.3220028" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.322003">4.3220028E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 m a.s.l., 26 Apr. 2019,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
A. De Kesel, rivulet associated grassland, on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion biguttatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ADK6448 (BR), isolate E13T12 (3 mature thalli, prothorax, LSU: MT371368).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Hosts and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Thus far only known on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion biguttatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality in Belgium. Reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Weggheleire, S" journalOrPublisher="Sterbeeckia" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B30" refString="De Weggheleire, S, 2019. Biodiversity of the genus Laboulbenia: are there cryptic species? M.Sc. Thesis, University of Antwerp, Belgium." title="Biodiversity of the genus Laboulbenia: are there cryptic species? M. Sc. Thesis, University of Antwerp, Belgium." year="2019">De Weggheleire (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mostly resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peyr., but it differs from it by the very low position of the insertion
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
(regardless of the origin of the thallus), the successive dichotomous branching of the outer appendage, the poorly pigmented to nearly hyaline basal
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the outer appendage, and the slender habitus. Although these characters may vary to some extent, eventually resulting in specimens that are morphologically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, our LSU phylogeny (Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum clade creditability tree of Laboulbenia isolates reconstructed from an LSU dataset, with L. bruchii as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above / below the branch leading to that node. Isolates are color-coded by host; L. quarantenae sp. nov. is highlighted with gray shading." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437752" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that sequences of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtained from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to host
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion tetracolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracolum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion tetracolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Say, 1823 and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audinet-Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Ocys harpaloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Audinet-Serville, 1821) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santamaria, S" journalOrPublisher="Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B96" refString="Santamaria, S, Balazuc, J, Tavares, II, 1991. Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species. Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona 14: 1 - 123" title="Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species." volume="14" year="1991">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Majewski, T" journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 466" refId="B68" refString="Majewski, T, 1994. The Laboulbeniales of Poland. Polish Botanical Studies 7: 3 - 466" title="The Laboulbeniales of Poland." volume="7" year="1994">Majewski 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s906" author="Haelewaters, D" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B45" refString="Haelewaters, D, De Kesel, A, Gorczak, M, Bao, K, Gort, G, Zhao, SY, Pfister, DH, 2019a. Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Boston Harbor Islands II: species parasitizing Carabidae, and the Laboulbeniaflagellata species complex. Northeastern Naturalist 25(Special Issue 9): 110-149. https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s906" title="Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Boston Harbor Islands II: species parasitizing Carabidae, and the Laboulbeniaflagellata species complex. Northeastern Naturalist 25 (Special Issue 9): 110 - 149." url="https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s906" year="2019 a">Haelewaters et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Kesel, A" journalOrPublisher="Sterbeeckia" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 143" refId="B23" refString="De Kesel, A, Gerstmans, C, Haelewaters, D, 2020. Catalogue of the Laboulbeniomycetes of Belgium. Sterbeeckia 36: 3 - 143" title="Catalogue of the Laboulbeniomycetes of Belgium." volume="36" year="2020">De Kesel et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)-fall in a monophyletic clade separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two isolates of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. tetracolum" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="tetracolum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B. tetracolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in Belgium (isolate E10T2) and Latvia (isolate E11T6), from populations that are 1,550 km apart, but they were placed together among isolates from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. harpaloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="harpaloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">O. harpaloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(all from Belgium).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia quarantenae" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, was collected between <1 and 21 km distance from where hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437752" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum clade creditability tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
isolates reconstructed from an LSU dataset, with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. bruchii" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="bruchii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. bruchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above/below the branch leading to that node. Isolates are color-coded by host;
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is highlighted with gray shading.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Phylogenetically,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Laboulb" lsidName="Laboulb quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulb quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu lato) were retrieved as sister taxa in our phylogeny, although no statistical support was retrieved for this sister relationship. Whereas species boundaries are evident based on our phylogeny, it goes without saying that both taxon sampling and sequence data need to be greatly expanded upon to resolve relationships among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species is apparently very rare and was never found in combination with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the more common parasite from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion biguttatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Belgium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Kesel, A" journalOrPublisher="Sterbeeckia" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="13 - 31" refId="B19" refString="De Kesel, A, 1998. Identification and host-range of the genus Laboulbenia in Belgium. Sterbeeckia 18: 13 - 31" title="Identification and host-range of the genus Laboulbenia in Belgium." volume="18" year="1998">De Kesel 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Kesel, A" journalOrPublisher="Sterbeeckia" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 143" refId="B23" refString="De Kesel, A, Gerstmans, C, Haelewaters, D, 2020. Catalogue of the Laboulbeniomycetes of Belgium. Sterbeeckia 36: 3 - 143" title="Catalogue of the Laboulbeniomycetes of Belgium." volume="36" year="2020">De Kesel et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437753" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haelew. & De Kesel" authorityYear="2020" class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Hesperomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hesperomyces halyziae" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="halyziae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Hesperomyces halyziae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Haelew. & De Kesel from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Halyzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halyzia sedecimguttata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedecimguttata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Halyzia sedecimguttata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from slide D. Haelew. 955a, holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from slide BR5020212156406V. Scale bar: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
In Europe, many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Latreille, 1802 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santamaria, S" journalOrPublisher="Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B96" refString="Santamaria, S, Balazuc, J, Tavares, II, 1991. Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species. Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona 14: 1 - 123" title="Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species." volume="14" year="1991">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Of those,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pedicellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pedicellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. pedicellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thaxt. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peyr. are among the most reported ones.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion biguttatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trechinae">Trechinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To our knowledge, this species is infected by either
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. murmanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="murmanica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. murmanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huldén">Hulden</normalizedToken>
|
||
(S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
pers. comm.),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pedicellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pedicellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. pedicellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scheloske, H-W" journalOrPublisher="Parasitologische Schriftenreihe" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 176" refId="B99" refString="Scheloske, H-W, 1969. Beitraege zur Biologie, Oekologie und Systematik der Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) unter besondere Beruecksichtigung des Parasit-Wirt-Verhaeltnisses. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe 19: 1 - 176" title="Beitraege zur Biologie, Oekologie und Systematik der Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) unter besondere Beruecksichtigung des Parasit-Wirt-Verhaeltnisses." volume="19" year="1969">Scheloske 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Majewski, T" journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 466" refId="B68" refString="Majewski, T, 1994. The Laboulbeniales of Poland. Polish Botanical Studies 7: 3 - 466" title="The Laboulbeniales of Poland." volume="7" year="1994">Majewski 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Majewski, T" journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 466" refId="B68" refString="Majewski, T, 1994. The Laboulbeniales of Poland. Polish Botanical Studies 7: 3 - 466" title="The Laboulbeniales of Poland." volume="7" year="1994">Majewski 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Kesel, A" journalOrPublisher="Sterbeeckia" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 143" refId="B23" refString="De Kesel, A, Gerstmans, C, Haelewaters, D, 2020. Catalogue of the Laboulbeniomycetes of Belgium. Sterbeeckia 36: 3 - 143" title="Catalogue of the Laboulbeniomycetes of Belgium." volume="36" year="2020">De Kesel et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the position of its insertion
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as the morphology of both the outer appendage and the androstichum (cells II, IV, and V),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is fundamentally different from these three species. The outer appendage of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reminiscent of the one from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which, however, is a more robust species reported from 80 genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1861" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anthiinae">Anthiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brachininae">Brachininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elaphrinae">Elaphrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Harpalinae">Harpalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Loricerinae">Loricerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nebriinae">Nebriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Patrobinae">Patrobinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but not
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Trechinae">Trechinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santamaria, S" journalOrPublisher="Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B96" refString="Santamaria, S, Balazuc, J, Tavares, II, 1991. Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species. Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona 14: 1 - 123" title="Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species." volume="14" year="1991">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santamaria, S" journalOrPublisher="Flora Mycologica Iberica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 186" refId="B93" refString="Santamaria, S, 1998. Laboulbeniales, I. Laboulbenia. Flora Mycologica Iberica 4: 1 - 186" title="Laboulbeniales, I. Laboulbenia." volume="4" year="1998">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s906" author="Haelewaters, D" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B45" refString="Haelewaters, D, De Kesel, A, Gorczak, M, Bao, K, Gort, G, Zhao, SY, Pfister, DH, 2019a. Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Boston Harbor Islands II: species parasitizing Carabidae, and the Laboulbeniaflagellata species complex. Northeastern Naturalist 25(Special Issue 9): 110-149. https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s906" title="Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Boston Harbor Islands II: species parasitizing Carabidae, and the Laboulbeniaflagellata species complex. Northeastern Naturalist 25 (Special Issue 9): 110 - 149." url="https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s906" year="2019 a">Haelewaters et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437754" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A-I</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia quarantena" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="quarantena">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia quarantena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
De Kesel & Haelew. from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion biguttatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen ADK6448:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from prothorax, slide BR5020212163329V, holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from prothorax with less pigmented perithecium
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from the right mesofemur
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">D-F</emphasis>
|
||
mature thalli from the right protibia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">G</emphasis>
|
||
immature thallus from the prothorax
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">H</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from the right mesofemur
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">I</emphasis>
|
||
ascospores
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">J-K</emphasis>
|
||
laboulbenia
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="vulgaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peyr:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">J</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from prothorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion tetracolum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetracolum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion tetracolum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen ADK5557
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">K</emphasis>
|
||
mature thallus from mesothorax of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audinet-Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ocys harpaloides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harpaloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Ocys harpaloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen ADK6353. One of the diagnostic characteristics of the new species-the positioning of the insertion
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ocys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="cell" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
-is shown in a mature thallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
) and one of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">J</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bar: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion biguttatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion biguttatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the host for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belongs to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Philochtus.)" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Philochtus.">Philochtus.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Philochtus" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion (Philochtus) subsp. subgenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Philochtus">Bembidion subgenus Philochtus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are few and include two species only:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. pedicellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="pedicellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. pedicellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two thalli of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Laboulbenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Laboulbenia" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Laboulbenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"sp. similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bembidion bruxellense" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruxellense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Bembidion bruxellense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wesmael, 1835 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. rupestre" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="rupestre">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B. rupestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1767) are illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Majewski, T" journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 466" refId="B68" refString="Majewski, T, 1994. The Laboulbeniales of Poland. Polish Botanical Studies 7: 3 - 466" title="The Laboulbeniales of Poland." volume="7" year="1994">Majewski (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Pl. 53, Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum clade creditability tree of Hesperomyces isolates reconstructed from an ITS dataset, with H. coleomegillae as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above / below the branch leading to that node. Hesperomyces virescens sensu lato is highlighted with light gray shading, isolates are color-coded by host; H. virescens sensu stricto and H. halyziae sp. nov. are highlighted with dark gray shading." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437751" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum clade creditability tree of Laboulbenia isolates reconstructed from an LSU dataset, with L. bruchii as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above / below the branch leading to that node. Isolates are color-coded by host; L. quarantenae sp. nov. is highlighted with gray shading." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437752" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Their morphology comes close to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
V is much larger and the insertion
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not situated low enough along the posterior margin of the perithecial wall. Also
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. parvula" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported on subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="(Philochtus)" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Philochtus">Philochtus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santamaria, S" journalOrPublisher="Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B96" refString="Santamaria, S, Balazuc, J, Tavares, II, 1991. Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species. Treballs de l'Institut Botanic de Barcelona 14: 1 - 123" title="Distribution of the European Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycotina). An annotated list of species." volume="14" year="1991">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Santamaría">Santamaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but this species is much smaller (180-190
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
total length) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. quarantenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="quarantenae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. quarantenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it has a deeply pigmented basal
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="cell" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="cell">cell</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the outer appendage, the inner and outer appendage each carry 4-8 very slender branches, and its perithecial tip is rather squarish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
||
As we explore patterns of speciation of taxa in both
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Herpomycetales" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">Herpomycetales</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Laboulbeniales</taxonomicName>
|
||
using integrative taxonomy, we can start linking some of these patterns to morphological or life history traits. One candidate trait is the haustorium-a rhizoidal structure that penetrates the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
|
||
integument to make contact with the haemocoel, increasing surface area for nutrient uptake and providing holdfast. We hypothesize that - due to the invasive nature of their haustorium -
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Herpomycetales" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">Herpomycetales</taxonomicName>
|
||
and haustorial
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Laboulbeniales</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thaxter" authorityYear="1891" class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Hesperomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hesperomyces" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Hesperomyces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, maintain close interactions with their hosts, possibly involving adaptations to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hosts’">hosts'</normalizedToken>
|
||
defense systems and leading to escape-and-radiate coevolution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01674.x" author="Ehrlich, PR" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="586 - 608" refId="B33" refString="Ehrlich, PR, Raven, PA, 1964. Butterflies and plants: A study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586 - 608, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01674.x" title="Butterflies and plants: A study in coevolution." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1964.tb01674.x" volume="18" year="1964">Ehrlich and Raven 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These developments result in an evolutionary arms race, with specialization and leading to speciation (One Host One Parasite model, Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum clade creditability tree of Hesperomyces isolates reconstructed from an ITS dataset, with H. coleomegillae as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above / below the branch leading to that node. Hesperomyces virescens sensu lato is highlighted with light gray shading, isolates are color-coded by host; H. virescens sensu stricto and H. halyziae sp. nov. are highlighted with dark gray shading." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437751" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). While all 27 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Herpomycetaceae" genus="Herpomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Herpomyces" order="Herpomycetales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Herpomyces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form multiple haustoria, not all
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Laboulbeniales</taxonomicName>
|
||
penetrate their host. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tragust, S" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="81 - 89" refId="B118" refString="Tragust, S, Tartally, A, Espadaler, X, Billen, J, 2016. Histopathology of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales): ectoparasitic fungi on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 23: 81 - 89" title="Histopathology of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales): ectoparasitic fungi on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="23" year="2016">Tragust et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented evidence for four species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="order">Laboulbeniales</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be superficially attached to their host, and also
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. flagellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="flagellata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. flagellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not seem to perforate their hosts. There are no strict developmental barriers for non-penetrating species and their ascospores may develop on multiple arthropods given that they co-occur in a given microhabitat, resulting in parasite species with more than one host (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum clade creditability tree of Laboulbenia isolates reconstructed from an LSU dataset, with L. bruchii as outgroup. The topology is the result of Bayesian inference performed with BEAST. For each node, ML BS (≥ 65) and Bayesian pp (≥ 0.7) are presented above / below the branch leading to that node. Isolates are color-coded by host; L. quarantenae sp. nov. is highlighted with gray shading." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.71.53421.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437752" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">2</figureCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to the host-specific species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thaxter" authorityYear="1891" class="Laboulbeniomycetes" family="Laboulbeniaceae" genus="Hesperomyces" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hesperomyces" order="Laboulbeniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Hesperomyces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Undoubtedly, other factors come into play; more studies of speciation and species limits, specificity, host shifting, and transmission patterns are needed to test said hypothesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |