348 lines
43 KiB
XML
348 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="015FF957D4B975547899F2B39C4646FA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4665621" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4665621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617712844033" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Venczel, Márton & Stiuc, Emanoil" docDate="2008" docId="03D08790FFCAFFFA5652A126FDE255AA" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.30.4.731-763.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 30 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9DCE1246056655C2F9CBE9822E831E4E.3:Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type3" docStyleId="9DCE1246056655C2F9CBE9822E831E4E" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2000-2008.journal_article.type3" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="749" masterDocId="FFE9FFE8FFC5FFE85703A736FFA55105" masterDocTitle="Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut ,, Romania" masterLastPageNumber="763" masterPageNumber="731" pageNumber="746" updateTime="1698901057390" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods id="A487633827BE3A873A13A709C7617A6A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3BF0AC7DE470A09A43D4F4C617AF0A7B">
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<mods:title id="D7F68B57C756EF55A9D4ED0A61F529C4">Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut ,, Romania</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="12606E5FCC2DACADF367ADB9599759AF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="76ACD143FF557AD8C3242ABC7DCFD731">
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<mods:roleTerm id="780CB3CA40111A44869D25F32FA4B5DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4E241863DCBB2B76CD860D211144B47D">Venczel, Márton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68B915C93B38FD2173453F9A6CDE4AB9">Tării ‚ Crişurilor Museum, B-dul Dacia 1 - 3, RO- 410464 Oradea (Romania) mvenczel @ rdslink. ro</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A03357BF14C2B1279020F6666122B58" type="email">mvenczel@rdslink.ro</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3E408F08C9B612BA49B4AC29268A7B35" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="36B94E7B340E2A6F24C1080E0B6748FC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="056A1A5A86E618AA9735B16C168D6639">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="95DC1C014CA500E83E988DFD8BF09E53">Stiuc, Emanoil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="070643678D0EDBE58BF25ED6B0756C79">Speleological Institute “ Emil Racovit, ă ”, Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, RO- 050711 Bucureşti (Romania) stiucaemil @ yahoo. com.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F931BD71A67FD962E089F667150ABDA8" type="email">stiucaemil@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA2E7A7DD350B9AB29511449B608003F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="94BF3C8236FE8B43FDBF7B3A586C4841">
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<mods:title id="1DB2BEBEB083D0324C5FE4D84E457300">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6F0B600FAD2F357EB2F7533532E45E79">
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<mods:date id="48A56D54A8A7E8543814EAB4DA0B30C8">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6FB618A759B954F5F3B8B2D2AC2033FD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="805BC8015F2B3CD3AC308CCA5B8E620F">30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="34D3811C8877C00F6DEF9DFE8B2062E4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="05E25041720BE2E3708DE60ABCB73C35">4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="2F2ABE11C5DED7D0F65B12B5CCAB7726" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="F1882683F280DF96573C060093BB4BDF">731</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="64B709A293F4E063129AED1B065E7783">763</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="48D03CC01AF7EDA597B739014DD0BD41">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0F5D3930788BDA726EB443F7E446B772" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4665621</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C322A3B9B4DD98869000F13BB2F889EB" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CCC8E5261E0963403171E958E1B3B0C" type="Zenodo-Dep">4665621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D08790FFCAFFFA5652A126FDE255AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D08790FFCAFFFA5652A126FDE255AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D08790FFCAFFFA5652A126FDE255AA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="749" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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<subSubSection id="C363650DFFCAFFE75652A126FE75574E" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE75652A126FE75574E" blockId="15.[337,498,1552,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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<heading id="D08E81EAFFCAFFE75652A126FE75574E" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFCAFFE75652A126FE57572E" ID-CoL="NPH5" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[337,498,1552,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE75652A126FE21572F" bold="true" box="[337,388,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Bufo</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE756AEA126FE57572E" bold="true" box="[429,498,1552,1579]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">viridis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFCAFFE75679A106FE6C574E" box="[378,457,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C363650DFFCAFFE75794A155FB26504F" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE75794A155FD0957AA" blockId="15.[151,684,1635,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — One prooticooccipital (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE75575A155FD09577E" box="[630,684,1635,1659]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0400), one squamosal (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE756A9A14BFE445790" box="[426,481,1661,1685]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0401), one premaxilla (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE757E8A1A1FE8457AA" box="[235,289,1687,1711]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0402), one maxilla (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE7550CA1A1FDE057AA" box="[527,581,1687,1711]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0403),
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE75794A187FB26504F" blockId="15.[151,684,1713,1737]" lastBlockId="15.[712,1246,253,330]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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four prearticulars (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE75648A187FE2457CC" box="[331,385,1713,1737]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0404/1-4), one atlas (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE75575A187FD0957CC" box="[630,684,1713,1737]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0405), two presacral vertebrae (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE75316A7CBFBEF5010" box="[1045,1098,253,277]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0406/1 and 2), four urostyles (ISERTt-0407/1-4), three humeri (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE753A9A621FB7B502A" box="[1194,1246,279,303]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0408/1-3), three ilia (
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<collectionCode id="ED68AE43FFCAFFE754BFA604FC57504F" box="[956,1010,306,330]" country="Romania" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/911h-bwmh" name="Institutul Speologie Emil G. Racovita" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">ISER</collectionCode>
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Tt-0409/1-3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C363650DFFCAFFFA55C9A64BFED65350" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="749" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A64BFCFE5090" blockId="15.[712,1248,381,692]" box="[714,859,381,407]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A6AAFCD650B3" blockId="15.[712,1248,381,692]" box="[714,883,412,438]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755C9A6AAFCD650B3" box="[714,883,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Prooticooccipital</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A68AFB1253B1" blockId="15.[712,1248,381,692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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The fragment preserves a fused prootic and exoccipital which might have belonged to a rather large individual (
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<figureCitation id="13422A03FFCAFFE75440A6CDFC015313" box="[835,932,507,534]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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). The medial margin, roughly parallel to the supraorbital canal, exhibits a fracture line where the frontoparietal was fused. The
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE75399A50DFCE85371" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">tectum supraorbitale</emphasis>
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is rather small and has a smooth dorsal surface. The supraorbital canal is rather shallow and somewhat constricted in its posterior portion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A5EFFC9C53F6" blockId="15.[712,1248,729,914]" box="[714,825,729,755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755C9A5EFFC9C53F6" box="[714,825,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Squamosal</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A5CFFB995297" blockId="15.[712,1248,729,914]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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The
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755F4A5CEFCD95217" box="[759,892,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">lamella alaris</emphasis>
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of the squamosal is square-shaped, while the zygomatic process is rather thin and tapering distally (
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<figureCitation id="13422A03FFCAFFE7547BA40EFC785256" box="[888,989,824,851]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
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). The distal part of the posterolateral process is broken off but indicates that this structure was rather thin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A480FC9F52D5" blockId="15.[712,1248,950,1168]" box="[714,826,950,976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755C9A480FC9F52D5" box="[714,826,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Premaxilla</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A4E0FBC85595" blockId="15.[712,1248,950,1168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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The bone is toothless with smooth and slightly convex
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE75419A4C1FC325515" box="[794,919,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">pars dentalis</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13422A03FFCAFFE754A7A4C0FBA05514" box="[932,1029,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
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). The alary process is relatively high and thin. In dorsal view, an arch-like crest runs from the anterodorsal part of the alary process to the lateral region of the
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE7532DA360FB0F556A" box="[1070,1194,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">pars dentalis</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755C9A343FC31558A" box="[714,916,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">lamina horizontalis</emphasis>
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||
is moderately wide.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A382FCB955CB" blockId="15.[712,1248,1204,1421]" box="[714,796,1204,1230]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755C9A382FCB955CB" box="[714,796,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Maxilla</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A3E2FB0D5488" blockId="15.[712,1248,1204,1421]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
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||
The anterior part of the only specimen (ISERTt-0403) is broken off. The posterior portion has a relatively low
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755F4A222FCC85428" box="[759,877,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">pars facialis</emphasis>
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, but it is provided with a relatively wide
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE75400A205FC625448" box="[771,967,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">lamina horizontalis</emphasis>
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||
with its lingual margin directed slightly dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="13422A03FFCAFFE754C3A264FB865468" box="[960,1059,1362,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
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). The
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE75360A265FB7A5469" box="[1123,1247,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">pars dentalis</emphasis>
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is toothless but exhibits a sharp
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<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE7531BA245FB045489" box="[1048,1185,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">crista dentalis</emphasis>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A287FCE354CE" blockId="15.[712,1248,1457,1706]" box="[714,838,1457,1483]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE755C9A287FCE354CE" box="[714,838,1457,1483]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Prearticular</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755C9A2E7FB7A57AF" blockId="15.[712,1248,1457,1706]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">
|
||
The bone is faintly S-shaped and in all the specimens the anterior and posterior parts are broken off. The coronoid process is moderately developed and has a concave dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFCAFFE754BBA106FBB1574E" box="[952,1044,1584,1611]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Fig.10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paracoronoid crest is relatively long and comparable in shape to that of recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFCAFFE75463A146FB24578E" authority="Laurenti, 1768" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[864,1153,1647,1675]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFCAFFE75463A146FC7C578C" box="[864,985,1647,1674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">Bufo viridis</emphasis>
|
||
Laurenti, 1768
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFCAFFE755C9A1B9FC7757AF" author="BAILON S. & HOSSINI S." box="[714,978,1679,1706]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref15914" refString="BAILON S. & HOSSINI S. 1990. - Les plus anciens Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura) d'Europe: les especes du Miocene francais. Annales de Paleontologie (Vert. - Invert.) 76: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1990">Bailon & Hossini 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Meckel’s groove is
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFCAFFE755CFA199FB8B57CF" blockId="15.[716,1070,1711,1738]" box="[716,1070,1711,1738]" pageId="15" pageNumber="746">rather shallow and faces laterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD5FFF855E4A742FB6D5180" blockId="16.[743,1224,115,136]" box="[743,1224,115,136]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">
|
||
Late middle Miocene amphibians and reptiles from Taut,,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7616FFD5FFF85384A745FB6D5180" box="[1159,1224,115,133]" name="Romania" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06660EFFD5FFF85794A2E6FBE454FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4665651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665651/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="747" startId="16.[151,162,1488,1505]" targetBox="[151,1248,259,1528]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD5FFF85794A2E6FBE454FD" blockId="16.[151,1248,1488,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">
|
||
FIG. 9. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFD5FFF857EBA2E6FE9E54E4" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[232,315,1488,1505]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelobatidae" genus="Pelobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="747" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF857EBA2E6FE9E54E4" box="[232,315,1488,1505]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">Pelobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.:
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85667A2E6FED454E4" bold="true" box="[356,369,1488,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85678A2E6FE2954E4" bold="true" box="[379,396,1488,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">A’</emphasis>
|
||
, maxilla (ISER Tt-0390/1);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85568A2E6FDDD54E4" bold="true" box="[619,632,1488,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85580A2E6FD3054E4" bold="true" box="[643,661,1488,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">B’</emphasis>
|
||
, same (ISER Tt-0390/2);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85464A2E6FCD054E4" bold="true" box="[871,885,1488,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">C</emphasis>
|
||
, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0392);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF853A3A2E6FB0B54E4" bold="true" box="[1184,1198,1488,1505]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">D</emphasis>
|
||
, ilium (ISER Tt-0394);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85618A2D1FE8D54FD" bold="true" box="[283,296,1511,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85631A2D1FEE554FD" bold="true" box="[306,320,1511,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">D</emphasis>
|
||
, right lateral views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF856E5A2D1FE5254FD" bold="true" box="[486,503,1511,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">A’</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85502A2D1FDB654FD" bold="true" box="[513,531,1511,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">B’</emphasis>
|
||
, medial views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85590A2D1FD0554FD" bold="true" box="[659,672,1511,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">B</emphasis>
|
||
, left lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85432A2D1FC9A54FD" bold="true" box="[817,831,1511,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">C</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view. Scale bar: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD5FFF85794A106FD0957AF" blockId="16.[149,684,1584,1706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF85794A106FF6F574F" box="[151,202,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">Atlas</emphasis>
|
||
The neural arch in the only specimen is broken off (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFD5FFF8579EA146FF5F578E" box="[157,250,1648,1675]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centrum is short and dorsoventrally flattened, and the two cotyles are separated comple-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD5FFF85794A199FC2C574F" blockId="16.[151,655,1711,1738]" box="[151,905,1584,1738]" lastBlockId="16.[711,1248,1584,1706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">
|
||
tely, corresponding to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28824FFD5FFF8568BA199FE1357CF" box="[392,438,1711,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD5FFF856F7A199FD2E57CF" author="LYNCH J. D." box="[500,651,1711,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref17127" refString="LYNCH J. D. 1971. - Evolutionary relationships, osteology and zoogeography of Leptodactyloid frogs. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications 53: 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD5FFF855C9A106FC2C574F" box="[714,905,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">Presacral vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD5FFF855C9A166FB4557AF" blockId="16.[711,1248,1584,1706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">
|
||
In both specimens the neural arch is broken off (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFD5FFF855CCA146FCC4578E" box="[719,865,1648,1675]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">Fig. 10G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Th e centrum is procoelous and dorsoventrally flattened. The transverse processes
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD5FFF855CFA199FC1F57CF" blockId="16.[716,954,1711,1738]" box="[716,954,1711,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="747">are broken off distally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF957ADA745FEFC5181" blockId="17.[174,345,115,133]" box="[174,345,115,133]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">Venczel M. & Ştiucă E.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06660EFFD4FFF95794A2A4FC9E54E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="748" startId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" targetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF95794A2A4FC9E54E2" blockId="17.[151,1248,1425,1511]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">
|
||
FIG. 10. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFD4FFF957F7A2A7FECE54A7" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[244,363,1425,1443]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="748" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF957F7A2A7FEBE54A7" box="[244,283,1425,1442]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">Bufo</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95638A2A7FECE54A7" box="[315,363,1425,1442]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95675A2A7FE2654A7" bold="true" box="[374,387,1425,1442]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">A</emphasis>
|
||
, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF955A7A2A7FD1454A7" bold="true" box="[676,689,1425,1442]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">B</emphasis>
|
||
, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF954A0A2A7FC1454A7" bold="true" box="[931,945,1425,1442]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">C</emphasis>
|
||
, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95398A2A7FB0C54A7" bold="true" box="[1179,1193,1425,1442]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">D</emphasis>
|
||
, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95639A29EFEE354BC" bold="true" box="[314,326,1448,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">E</emphasis>
|
||
, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF9554FA29EFDF254BC" bold="true" box="[588,599,1448,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">F</emphasis>
|
||
, atlas (ISER Tt-0405);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95415A29EFC8154BC" bold="true" box="[790,804,1448,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">G</emphasis>
|
||
, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95367A29EFBD754BC" bold="true" box="[1124,1138,1448,1465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">H</emphasis>
|
||
, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF957F4A289FF5854D5" bold="true" box="[247,253,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">I</emphasis>
|
||
, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF956C0A289FE6854D5" bold="true" box="[451,461,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">J</emphasis>
|
||
, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF955ACA289FD1954D5" bold="true" box="[687,700,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">K</emphasis>
|
||
, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF954A6A289FC1754D5" bold="true" box="[933,946,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF954B8A289FC6254D5" bold="true" box="[955,967,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF954D2A289FC7954D5" bold="true" box="[977,988,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF954E6A289FC5654D5" bold="true" box="[997,1011,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">H</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF954FFA289FBA354D5" bold="true" box="[1020,1030,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">J</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95383A289FB2354D5" bold="true" box="[1152,1158,1471,1488]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">I</emphasis>
|
||
, left lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF957C4A2E3FF7154E3" bold="true" box="[199,212,1493,1510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF957DCA2E3FF4854E3" bold="true" box="[223,237,1493,1510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">D</emphasis>
|
||
, medial views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF9566EA2E3FEDE54E3" bold="true" box="[365,379,1493,1510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">C</emphasis>
|
||
, posterior view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95506A2E3FDB654E3" bold="true" box="[517,531,1493,1510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF9551EA2E3FD8F54E3" bold="true" box="[541,554,1493,1510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">K</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF95794A126FF4F572F" blockId="17.[150,685,1552,1706]" box="[151,234,1552,1578]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF95794A126FF4F572F" box="[151,234,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">Urostyle</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF95794A106FD0957AF" blockId="17.[150,685,1552,1706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">
|
||
The distal portion of the only specimen is lacking. The proximal part is somewhat enlarged and provided with two well-separated and oval-shaped cotyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFD4FFF957EEA1B9FEE357AF" box="[237,326,1679,1706]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">Fig. 10J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal margin of the neural
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF95795A199FCE5574E" blockId="17.[150,683,1711,1738]" lastBlockId="17.[714,1247,1553,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">crest is slightly damaged but was presumably of moderate height. The neural canal was moderately large.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF955C9A146FC8F578C" blockId="17.[714,1247,1648,1706]" box="[714,810,1648,1673]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD4FFF955C9A146FC8F578C" box="[714,810,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">Humerus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFF955C9A1B9FB7A57AF" blockId="17.[714,1247,1648,1706]" box="[714,1247,1679,1706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">The single available specimen preserves only the</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD4FFFA55CFA199FE48505D" blockId="17.[716,1247,1711,1738]" lastBlockId="18.[149,684,254,344]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="749" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">
|
||
distal part of the diaphysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFD4FFF954FEA199FBC657CF" box="[1021,1123,1711,1738]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="748">Fig. 10K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal humeral ball is strongly widened and slightly shifted laterally; there is a shallow ventral cubital fossa.The lateral crest is reduced to a keel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD7FFFA5794A64AFF745093" blockId="18.[149,684,380,597]" box="[151,209,380,406]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD7FFFA5794A64AFF745093" box="[151,209,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">Ilium</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD7FFFA5794A6AAFED65350" blockId="18.[149,684,380,597]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">
|
||
Both the supraacetabular and preacetabular regions are moderately extended (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A03FFD7FFFA56AFA68AFDA050D2" box="[428,517,444,471]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,162,1426,1443]" captionTargetBox="[184,1205,258,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-118@17.[151,1241,241,1414]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 10. — Bufo cf. viridis: A, prooticooccipital (ISER Tt-0400); B, squamosal (ISER Tt-0401); C, premaxilla (ISER Tt-0402); D, maxilla (ISER Tt-0403); E, prearticular (ISER Tt-0404/1); F, atlas (ISER Tt-0405); G, presacral vertebra (ISER Tt-0406/1); H, same (ISER Tt-0406/2);I, ilium (ISER Tt-0409/1);J, urostyle (ISER Tt-0407/1);K, humerus (ISER Tt-0408/1);A, E, F, H, J, dorsal views;I, left lateral view; B, D, medial views; C, posterior view; G, K, ventral views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4665653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4665653/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tuber superior is compressed mediolaterally and divided in two or three tubercles situated above the anterior margin of the acetabular rim. The preacetabular fossa is well defined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363650DFFD7FFFA5794A54CFDE255AA" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD7FFFA5794A54CFF5E5397" blockId="18.[149,684,634,1199]" box="[151,251,634,660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC63686FFD7FFFA5794A5AFFDE255AA" blockId="18.[149,684,634,1199]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">
|
||
The earliest bufonid in the Old World is known from the late Palaeocene (MP 6) of Cernay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7616FFD7FFFA5522A58FFDCD53D1" box="[545,616,697,724]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Rage 2003). Afterward they apparently disappeared from Europe but reappeared again in the early Miocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA579DA42EFED95236" author="RAGE J. - C. & ROCEK Z." box="[158,380,792,819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" pagination="133 - 177" refId="ref17601" refString="RAGE J. - C. & ROCEK Z. 2003. - Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Tertiary and Quaternary of Europe, in the context of palaeoclimate and palaeogeography. Amphibia-Reptilia 24: 133 - 177." type="journal article" year="2003">Rage & Roček 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and have become more frequent since the middle Miocene onwards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA5547A40EFF535276" author="BOHME M. & ILG A." pageId="18" pageNumber="749" refId="ref16033" refString="BOHME M. & ILG A. 2003. - FosFARbase, www. wahrestaerke. com (accessed on April, 2008)." type="book" year="2003">Böhme & Ilg 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The earliest fossil record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFD7FFFA5537A46EFD315274" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[564,660,855,881]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD7FFFA5537A46EFD315274" box="[564,660,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">B. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the late early Miocene (MN 4) of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7616FFD7FFFA5572A441FD095297" box="[625,684,887,914]" name="Spain" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA579FA4A1FE9A52B7" author="SANCHIZ B." box="[156,319,919,946]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" refId="ref17869" refString="SANCHIZ B. 1998 b. - Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Part 4: Salientia. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 275 p." type="book" year="1998">Sanchiz 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7616FFD7FFFA5651A4A1FE3C52B7" box="[338,409,919,946]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA56A5A4A1FD0652B7" author="BAILON S. & HOSSINI S." box="[422,675,919,946]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref15914" refString="BAILON S. & HOSSINI S. 1990. - Les plus anciens Bufonidae (Amphibia, Anura) d'Europe: les especes du Miocene francais. Annales de Paleontologie (Vert. - Invert.) 76: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="1990">Bailon & Hossini 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7616FFD7FFFA57C4A481FE8952D7" box="[199,300,951,978]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA563FA481FDB152D7" author="BOHME M. & ILG A." box="[316,532,951,978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" refId="ref16033" refString="BOHME M. & ILG A. 2003. - FosFARbase, www. wahrestaerke. com (accessed on April, 2008)." type="book" year="2003">Böhme & Ilg 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFD7FFFA552BA481FEE152F4" authority="(Tschudi, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gessneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD7FFFA552BA481FD0952D5" box="[552,684,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">Bufo gessneri</emphasis>
|
||
(Tschudi, 1838)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFD7FFFA5677A4E1FE9B5514" authority="Spinar, Klembara & Meszaros, 1993" authorityName="Spinar, Klembara & Meszaros" authorityYear="1993" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="priscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD7FFFA5677A4E1FE7152F5" box="[372,468,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">B. priscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA56DAA4E0FE9B5514" author="SPINAR Z. V. & KLEMBARA J. & MESZAROS S." pageId="18" pageNumber="749" pagination="135 - 160" refId="ref17968" refString="SPINAR Z. V., KLEMBARA J. & MESZAROS S. 1993. - A new toad from the Miocene of Devinska Nova Ves (Slovakia). Zapadne Karpaty, series paleont. 17: 135 - 160." type="journal article" year="1993">Špinar, Klembara & Meszaros, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are other representatives of the socalled narrow-headed toads, known from the middle Miocene of Central Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA56E8A303FD0D5555" author="SPINAR Z. V. & KLEMBARA J. & MESZAROS S." box="[491,680,1077,1104]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" pagination="135 - 160" refId="ref17968" refString="SPINAR Z. V., KLEMBARA J. & MESZAROS S. 1993. - A new toad from the Miocene of Devinska Nova Ves (Slovakia). Zapadne Karpaty, series paleont. 17: 135 - 160." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Špinar
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD7FFFA5534A300FDCC554A" box="[567,617,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA5795A363FE955575" author="SANCHIZ B." box="[150,304,1109,1136]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" refId="ref17869" refString="SANCHIZ B. 1998 b. - Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Part 4: Salientia. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 275 p." type="book" year="1998">Sanchiz 1998b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B77FFD7FFFA56C4A363FD025575" author="RAGE J. - C. & ROCEK Z." box="[455,679,1109,1136]" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" pagination="133 - 177" refId="ref17601" refString="RAGE J. - C. & ROCEK Z. 2003. - Evolution of anuran assemblages in the Tertiary and Quaternary of Europe, in the context of palaeoclimate and palaeogeography. Amphibia-Reptilia 24: 133 - 177." type="journal article" year="2003">Rage & Roček (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the latter forms are closely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D05FFD7FFFA551CA343FDDB558A" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[543,638,1141,1167]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="749" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEA94FFD7FFFA551CA343FDDB558A" box="[543,638,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="749">B. viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and therefore synonymy cannot be excluded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |