94 lines
11 KiB
XML
94 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document id="0052666A26C7635B096907161B25FC44" ID-CLB-Dataset="45808" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.206716" ID-GBIF-Dataset="544ed4bf-9836-4e5b-806a-f3a241a5b5e1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206716" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460418587252" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vårdal, Hege & Taeger, Andreas" docDate="2011" docId="039487FEFF94FF9DFF74E6A3FAFCFEEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03127p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3127" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atlantis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFADFF86FF98FF90FFE3E22BFFE1FF90" masterDocTitle="The life of René Malaise: from the wild east to a sunken island" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="38" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698329391391" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FD3D571BE3AB43082783A6420946C286" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="98CAD575C3594897B477449A63E1E2E3">
|
||
<mods:title id="4CF393BE634D0284FC668BA5CA565441">The life of René Malaise: from the wild east to a sunken island</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="1E86ED7EB86A95813EE07F4FDC4066AD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="30304B35DD754C1EE19356C260ED95AB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8768BDF3A0FA4487C47106BE9DDAA596">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="35A31F36FD9FBDDC753CFCFC8BB5C5DC">Vårdal, Hege</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="497379965AF0592805C2483340BF280E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0453BF0B502D7BF9B52E6CCC3685BA00">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D352D9F0A5B0E515723B7262084F7792">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="71EBF6037CD96DDD79394A88E6B716CA">Taeger, Andreas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6FA87700D9AEE543F6238D90444DA752">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="0A6272A44499EB7EA035AE2F2E361C96" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F046AC2DDDE9B7D4B9CF31455B28A003">
|
||
<mods:title id="05EDFFA30801BC1EBC8F2B353A3EF72B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="BE26E382C0662BED3EDF407732733FD2">
|
||
<mods:date id="EA4D279ADB0C876F4D79AB5ED2D1C220">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2B43602896946C6E888E5544EA959F7F" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="546D7C8D6B621A1ED19EE58D5FDFB2E7">3127</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="2341E1288AAE46883C1BC52B22AA0D96" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="A754FC283E0F1EC1407879A6C921197A">38</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="97E8B56F3B0A8D45E63E66C7399890CF">52</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="9D6D49C809AF2C26B730FA6A45AB28AE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="46781A16D05C9AE1D2BA8214415D0296" type="CLB-Dataset">45808</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F920B742320D4A0866186E5C702FB729" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.206716</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B2CAFBF26FF4311922FE9433998B12AD" type="GBIF-Dataset">544ed4bf-9836-4e5b-806a-f3a241a5b5e1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D1C45576AA344D2B0BB310A934F869FB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="754D755EEEEB395110D9CFB365F9C4FD" type="Zenodo-Dep">206716</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039487FEFF94FF9DFF74E6A3FAFCFEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6192692" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6192692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039487FEFF94FF9DFF74E6A3FAFCFEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487FEFF94FF9DFF74E6A3FAFCFEEF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3276563FF94FF9DFF74E6A3FAFCFEEF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236E8FF94FF9CFF74E6A3FF1AFB32" blockId="12.[151,251,1160,1186]" box="[151,251,1160,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<heading id="D0CA8184FF94FF9CFF74E6A3FF1AFB32" bold="true" box="[151,251,1160,1186]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6BFF94FF9CFF74E6A3FF1AFB32" ID-CoL="8HDFJ" box="[151,251,1160,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAFAFF94FF9CFF74E6A3FF1AFB32" bold="true" box="[151,251,1160,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">Atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236E8FF94FF9CFF74E6E6FEFEFA98" blockId="12.[151,1437,1229,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Malaise’s ideas about the sunken land
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6BFF94FF9CFDAAE6E6FD43FB75" box="[585,674,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
gave him massive media attention in the 1950s, also in the international press.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236E8FF94FF9CFF26E739FBCAF9D0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1229,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">
|
||
During the later years of his career Malaise developed a companionship with Nils Hjalmar Odhner, an expert on molluscs at the invertebrate department at the museum. Odhner proposed the constriction theory in 1934 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B19FF94FF9CFA82E71EFF1CFAE0" author="Odhner" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Odhner, N. H. (1934) The Constriction Hypothesis. A Research on the Causes of Crustal Movements. Geografiska Annaler 16, 109 - 124." type="journal article" year="1934">Odhner 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This tries to explain how mountains and valleys are formed by vertical movements of the earth’s crust as a result of the high pressure caused by temperature variations between the core of the earth and the cold waters of the oceans. The theory states that the earth’s crust is made up of valves that expand or are constricted depending on temperatures, but that these valves do not move relative to each other, unlike the plates in the nowadays generally accepted theories of continental drift and plate tectonics. It probably did not make matters easier that the new head of the entomology department, Lars Brundin, was a pioneer of ideas on phylogenetic biogeography, in which continental drift is an important factor in explaining distribution patterns of organisms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236E8FF94FF9CFF26E461FCF6F870" blockId="12.[151,1437,1229,2016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Malaise believed he could prove that parts of the mid-Atlantic ridge had been above sea level in the recent past and had subsequently sunk, thus verifying Plato’s myth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6BFF94FF9CFCC8E446FC66F915" box="[811,903,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. His evidence consists partly of composition of the sediments taken from both sides of the presently more or less submerged mid-Atlantic ridge. Sediments forming the northern parts of the ridge contain humus, which probably can only have been produced above water, whilst sediments from the southern Atlantic ridge contain remains of freshwater diatoms. In his PhD thesis, published in 1945 as a lengthy paper which is arguably Malaise’s most important single entomological publication, he explains the distribution of plant wasps by the existence of land bridges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B19FF94FF9CFC93E531FBEEF8A2" author="Malaise" box="[880,1039,1818,1842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Malaise, R. (1945) Tenthredinoidea of South-Eastern Asia with a general zoogeographical review. Opuscula Entomologica, Suppl. 4, 1 - 288." type="book chapter" year="1945">Malaise 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These ideas are further refined in the books “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6BFF94FF9CFEF6E516FE92F8C5" box="[277,371,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, en geologisk verklighet” and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6BFF94FF9CFD37E516FCD2F8C5" box="[724,819,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlantis</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a verified myth” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B19FF94FF9CFBE5E516FB43F8C5" author="Malaise" box="[1030,1186,1853,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Malaise, R. (1951) Atlantis: en geologisk verklighet. AB Nordiska Bokhandeln, Stockholm, 227 pp." type="book" year="1951">Malaise 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B19FF94FF9CFB4DE516FB0BF8C5" author="Malaise" box="[1198,1258,1853,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="50" refString="Malaise, R. (1973) Atlantis: a verified myth. Affarstryckeriet i Norrtalje, 38 pp." type="book" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). His interest in geology and biogeography was induced as he was contemplating the fact that a sawfly in Patagonia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF94FF9CFB14E54BFA88F8E8" box="[1271,1385,1888,1912]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, had its closest relative in Europe. Malaise believed that this was better explained by a land bridge between the continents than by continental drift. Apparently he did not consider that sawflies in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF94FF9CFB98E58EFB0BF82D" box="[1147,1258,1957,1981]" name="Argentina" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF94FF9CFAC0E58EFABEF82D" box="[1315,1375,1957,1981]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
have just as close, if not closer counterparts in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF94FF9CFD4CE5E3FCF2F870" box="[687,787,1992,2016]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236E8FF95FF9DFF26E2BCFAFCFEEF" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Malaise’s books got a mixed reception, but Odhner’s and Malaise’s ideas about how the movements of the crust occurred were largely rejected by geologists and geophysicists who claimed that the temperatures found at the crust of the earth could not possibly cause such abrupt movements. It is however clear that areas that are now submerged have been above sea level in the recent past. An example is the Doggerland at the present Dogger Banks near the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF95FF9DFEB7E309FDE2FEAA" box="[340,515,290,314]" name="Netherlands" pageId="13" pageNumber="51">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF95FF9DFDDAE309FD7DFEAA" box="[569,668,290,314]" name="Belgium" pageId="13" pageNumber="51">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where remains of forests, mammoth tusks and stone tools of hunters have been found in areas now submerged.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678FF95FF9DFD94E36EFD28FECD" box="[631,713,325,349]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="51">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Azores are parts of the mid-Atlantic ridge that are presently above sea level and therefore the idea of a larger mid-Atlantic island may not be entirely unlikely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |