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<document id="CE4B958AE1B382835A76AF174AFDDF84" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f249637-c52d-422f-a05c-343b2f1e674c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221604" ID-ZooBank="ADDD0FAB-506E-4380-8307-17BC5E8E3CBF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460704140600" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Catanach, Therese A., Dietrich, Chris H. &amp; Woolley, James B." docDate="2013" docId="039487FE437BFFFEC8DAFDBC1EB1BD33" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03741p510.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3741 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xyphon flaviceps Riley 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="498" masterDocId="FFADFF86437CFFF6C84DFFC61C65BC2E" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)" masterLastPageNumber="510" masterPageNumber="490" pageNumber="497" updateTime="1698356759030" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C287F9267CE56252A2CE56E0AB80329B">A revision of the New World sharpshooter genus Xyphon Hamilton (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04E212157C253D6B8B01380BAA84F3EC">Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039487FE437BFFFEC8DAFDBC1EB1BD33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686201" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119583709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686201" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039487FE437BFFFEC8DAFDBC1EB1BD33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487FE437BFFFEC8DAFDBC1EB1BD33" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<subSubSection id="C3276563437BFFF1C8DAFDBC1E6CBED5" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C8DAFDBC1E6CBEBA" blockId="7.[151,521,634,694]" box="[151,521,634,660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<heading id="D0CA8184437BFFF1C8DAFDBC1E6CBEBA" bold="true" box="[151,521,634,660]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1C8DAFDBC1E6CBEBA" ID-CoL="5CP7K" authority="Riley, 1880" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,521,634,660]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Xyphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFDBC1E6CBEBA" bold="true" box="[151,521,634,660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFDBC1D03BEBA" bold="true" box="[151,358,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Xyphon flaviceps</emphasis>
(Riley, 1880)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C8DAFD5B1D56BE98" blockId="7.[151,521,634,694]" box="[151,307,669,694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
(
<figureCitation id="13062A6D437BFFF1C8D2FD5B1C81BE98" box="[159,228,669,694]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1478,1500]" captionTargetBox="[152,1430,344,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,337,1457]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Xyphon species, lateral views. A, X. flaviceps; B, X. fulgidum; C, X. gillettei; D, X. nudum; E, X. reticulatum; F, X. triguttatum; G, X. spadice sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221607/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A, 4A)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C8DAFD231E6CBED5" blockId="7.[151,750,741,855]" box="[151,521,741,763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1C8DAFD231E6CBED5" authority="Riley, 1880" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,521,741,763]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Diedrocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFD231DEBBED5" box="[151,398,741,763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Diedrocephala flaviceps</emphasis>
Riley, 1880
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276563437BFFF1C8DAFCC31EE3BF79" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C8DAFCC31EE3BF79" blockId="7.[151,750,741,855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1C8DAFCC31D88BF34" authority="Riley, 1880" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,493,772,794]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Tettigonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFCC31D38BF34" box="[151,349,772,794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Tettigonia flaviceps</emphasis>
(Riley, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
: Johnson &amp; Fox (1892)
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1C8DAFCE41E46BF16" authority="Riley, 1880" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,547,802,824]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Carneocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFCE41DF6BF16" box="[151,403,802,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Carneocephala flaviceps</emphasis>
(Riley, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
: Nottingham (1932)
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1C8DAFC871DB1BF79" authority="Riley, 1880" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,468,833,855]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Xyphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFC871D20BF79" box="[151,325,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Xyphon flaviceps</emphasis>
(Riley, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
: Hamilton (1985)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276563437BFFF1C8DAFC4218D1BA42" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C8DAFC421C81B829" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAFC421D74BFB3" bold="true" box="[151,273,900,925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This relatively large species (female 5.0
<quantity id="4CC59B0D437BFFF1CABFFC421F29BFB2" box="[754,844,900,925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
; male 4.55.0 mm resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1CCEEFC43194DBFB3" box="[1187,1320,900,925]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Xyphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgidum">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1CCEEFC43194DBFB3" box="[1187,1320,900,925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">X. fulgidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the forewing venation densely reticulate, but differs in having larger ocelli which are separated by a distance of less than 7 times the ocellar width and located on the head less than 2 times the ocellar width from the edge of the crown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AFBD218DDB893" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Head. Clypellus-frontoclypeus junction in lateral view evenly convex (57%) or distinctly angular (43%). Frontoclypeus mottled yellow and tan. Crown rounded (96%) or angular (4%); white band usually present but broken by face color (65%), less commonly absent (22%) or complete (13%); dark markings absent; orange pigment present; in lateral view concave (17%) or flat (83%). Distance from ocelli to lateral margin of crown no more than 2 times ocellar width; distance between ocelli no more than 7.5 times ocellar width.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AFB011F18B906" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Thorax. Pronotum lacking dark green to brown circular markings at anterior margin; circular indentations absent; midline concolorous with lateral parts (83%) or white (17%). Color of mesonotum green. Visible part of mesonotum unmarked. Proepisternum with posterior edge regular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AFAF21D76B95E" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Forewings. Mostly green (78%) or gray (22%); anal veins green (96%) or pale blue (4%). Apex with many crossveins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AFABB18A3B996" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
Legs.
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678437BFFF1C95DFABA1D2DB9BB" box="[272,328,1404,1429]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur macrosetal formula 2+1 (96%) or 2+1+1 (4%). Plantar surface of hind tarsosome with paleate setae variable, most commonly 13 (65%) or less commonly 45 (17%) or absent (9%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AFA021EF7B9F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" box="[199,658,1476,1501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Abdomen. Sterna of male mostly yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AFA2118D1BA42" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Male genitalia. Pygofer with basolateral setae scattered. Subgenital plate with small and scattered macrosetae. Aedeagal shaft in ventral view ovoid, broad (83%) or narrow (17%); in lateral view with dorsal process acute and compressed (8%) or not (92%); dorsal process wider than tall (92%) rarely taller than wide (8%); ventral flange not distinct. Paraphyses in dorsal view forming oval (42%) or circle (58%). Style with single seta.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276563437BFFF1C88AF9B119ECBAD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AF9B11D6EBA9B" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C88AF9B11DD0BABE" bold="true" box="[199,437,1655,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Material examined.</emphasis>
We coded
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD61437BFFF1CA72F9BE1ECDBABE" box="[575,680,1655,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D3BFD61437BFFF1CAAAF9BE1F39BABE" box="[743,860,1655,1680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
. Approximately 1,000 additional specimens were examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AF97919ECBAD2" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C88AF9791D3CBAF6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1727,1752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Host plants.</emphasis>
Collected from cotton (
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1CA39F9061F3BBAF6" box="[628,862,1727,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1CA39F9061F3BBAF6" box="[628,862,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), cucumber (
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1CBB1F90618D3BAF6" box="[1020,1206,1728,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucumis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1CBB1F90618D3BAF6" box="[1020,1206,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Cucumis sativus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), alfalfa (
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1CD61F97919F9BAF6" box="[1324,1436,1727,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1CD61F97919F9BAF6" box="[1324,1436,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Medicago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), beebalm (
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1C970F9221DC1BAD3" box="[317,420,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Monarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C970F9221DC1BAD3" box="[317,420,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Monarda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), prickly Russian thistle (
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1CAA0F9221FEBBAD2" box="[749,910,1764,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salsola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tragus">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1CAA0F9221FEBBAD2" box="[749,910,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Salsola tragus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), miscellaneous flowers, weeds, and pasture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276563437BFFFEC88AF8C11E0DBCFB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFF1C88AF8C11D9CBB6B" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C88AF8C11D05BB0E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1799,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Distribution.</emphasis>
Eastern and central
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678437BFFF1CA1BF8C11E8ABB0E" box="[598,751,1799,1824]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">United States</collectingCountry>
from Gulf Coast to Wisconsin and Atlantic coast to New
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678437BFFF1C8DAF8EA1C95BB6B" box="[151,240,1836,1861]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Also found in
<collectingCountry id="F32A7678437BFFF1C9D6F8EA1D91BB6B" box="[411,500,1836,1861]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8236E8437BFFFEC88AF8891E0DBCFB" blockId="7.[151,1437,900,2005]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C88AF8891D0BBB46" bold="true" box="[199,366,1871,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">
Primary
<typeStatus id="5486884A437BFFF1C979F8891D0CBB46" box="[308,361,1871,1896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Two cotypes located in the USNM were examined. One of these specimens is here designated as the
<typeStatus id="5486884A437BFFF1C8AAF8B21D34BBA3" box="[231,337,1908,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. The
<typeStatus id="5486884A437BFFF1C9DAF8B21E64BBA3" box="[407,513,1908,1933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, a male in good condition, appears to have been removed from a series of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B437BFFF1CDC9F8B31C9EBB9E" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Xyphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1CDC9F8B319F0BBA2" box="[1412,1429,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B949EAFA437BFFF1C8DAF8511C9EBB9E" box="[151,251,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="497">flaviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all mounted on single pin. It was chosen as the
<typeStatus id="5486884A437BFFF1CB6CF8511FEDBB9E" box="[801,904,1943,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="497" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
because it is in good condition and is the only specimen from the series that is individually mounted. Verbatim label data: “Feb, 9/76 / Texas// injuring wheat + oats / Texas
<date id="FF8310284374FFFEC96DFF5E1DE4BC9E" box="[288,385,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="498" value="1976-01-01">Jan 1 76</date>
”. The
<typeStatus id="5486884A4374FFFEC984FF511E55BC9E" box="[457,560,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="498" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is here designated to fix the identity of the species based on the best preserved male specimen in the original
<typeStatus id="5486884A4374FFFEC9A4FF7B1E7CBCFB" box="[489,537,189,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="498">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32765634374FFFEC88AFF191EB1BD33" pageId="8" pageNumber="498" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8236E84374FFFEC88AFF191EB1BD33" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="498">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA4374FFFEC88AFF191D3ABCD6" bold="true" box="[199,351,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="498">Other notes.</emphasis>
This species was at one time incorrectly synonymized by Ball with
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D6B4374FFFECCDFFF271952BCD6" box="[1170,1335,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Xyphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatum">
<emphasis id="B949EAFA4374FFFECCDFFF2718C6BCD6" box="[1170,1187,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="498">X</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B949EAFA4374FFFECCFBFF191952BCD6" box="[1206,1335,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="498">reticulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so it is common to see determination labels reflecting this.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>