treatments-xml/data/03/B3/87/03B38786FF84CD4CFF21FF54FB24574E.xml

<document id="84A5BD682209E7103BDC2B28118E63C4" ID-CLB-Dataset="281814" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5380.6.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a25f1d30-c455-4ccc-9b79-0d401a2896c2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259644" ID-ZooBank="AA915DFA-58B9-428D-AF5D-193E3295AB04" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1701769530207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hara, Hideho &amp; Nagase, Hirohiko" docDate="2023" docId="03B38786FF84CD4CFF21FF54FB24574E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5380.6.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5380 (6)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5380.6.3/52407" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monoctenus obscuratus subsp. hokkaidonis Hara 2023, subsp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="559" masterDocId="FF8AFFFEFF94CD5EFFB6FFC3FFEF5163" masterDocTitle="The Japanese species of Monoctenus (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="561" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="557" updateTime="1702479007285" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F9342084AF1D684BD5E6AD10C02D7C31">The Japanese species of Monoctenus (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF4F8314222D4F4667A3266ABA5A13A">Hara, Hideho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="593269027444C38801DC4160E687F47D">Nagase, Hirohiko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1D6742903824AF7D0D6A8179C341621B">81 Nikaidô, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248 - 0002 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B38786FF84CD4CFF21FF54FB24574E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371571" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38786FF84CD4CFF21FF54FB24574E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B38786FF84CD4CFF21FF54FB24574E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
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<paragraph id="8BA53690FF84CD4EFF21FF54FCDA51D2" blockId="16.[151,821,151,213]" box="[151,821,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
<heading id="D0ED81FCFF84CD4EFF21FF54FCDA51D2" bold="true" box="[151,821,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF84CD4EFF21FF54FCDA51D2" bold="true" box="[151,821,151,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF84CD4EFF21FF54FD7051D2" authority="Hara" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,671,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF84CD4EFF21FF54FDBB51D1" bold="true" box="[151,596,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
Hara
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D57F9FF84CD4EFD1DFF54FCDA51D2" box="[683,821,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" rank="subSpecies">subsp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C300651BFF84CD4FFF21FF78FF3B523E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF84CD4EFF21FF78FDF051B6" blockId="16.[151,821,151,213]" box="[151,543,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFF29FF78FF1351B6" box="[159,252,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,771,795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,308,750]" captionTargetId="figure-569@2.[151,1436,308,750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A1, 2, Female body, ventrolateral; B1, 2a, b, female pronotum, lateral (posterodorsal corner arrowed); C1, 2, apex of lancet. A1, B1, C1, Monoctenus kondoi; A2, B2a, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis; B2b, C2, M. nipponicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259648/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFF4AFF78FEA851B6" box="[252,327,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">2, B2b</figureCitation>
, 4A 
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFEC1FF78FE6A51B6" box="[375,389,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">2</figureCitation>
, 9A 
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFE03FF78FE2C51B6" box="[437,451,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">2</figureCitation>
, 20, 21)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF84CD4FFF21FEC0FE80507E" blockId="16.[151,1436,259,322]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF84CD4EFF21FEC0FECF507E" bold="true" box="[151,288,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Description</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF84CD4EFE9BFEC0FE6C507E" bold="true" box="[301,387,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Female</emphasis>
. Length 4.5–6.0 mm (6.0 mm in 
<typeStatus id="54A18832FF84CD4EFD47FEC0FCB8507E" box="[753,855,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Black (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFC01FEC0FBD3507E" box="[951,1084,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Fig. 20A, B</figureCitation>
). Mandible red brown on apical half. Palpi yellow, basally darkened. Pronotum black (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFD59FEE4FCAD5022" box="[751,834,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,771,795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,308,750]" captionTargetId="figure-569@2.[151,1436,308,750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A1, 2, Female body, ventrolateral; B1, 2a, b, female pronotum, lateral (posterodorsal corner arrowed); C1, 2, apex of lancet. A1, B1, C1, Monoctenus kondoi; A2, B2a, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis; B2b, C2, M. nipponicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259648/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF84CD4EFCF5FEE4FC8E5022" box="[835,865,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">2b</figureCitation>
), sometimes narrowly dark brown on posterodorsal corner. Tegula sometimes laterally dark brown. Legs yellow on narrow apices of coxae, apices of femora, and tibiae and tarsi (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFEBFFF78FE9D51B6" box="[265,370,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
); tarsi apically brown or dark brown; hind tibia often narrowly yellow brown apically. Wings clear transparent, very slightly brownish (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFDC6FF1CFD35519A" box="[624,730,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
); veins dark brown, partly pale brown; stigma brown, apically widely pale brown.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA53690FF84CD4EFF21F862FAB356BE" blockId="16.[151,1436,1953,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF84CD4EFF21F862FEF556DA" bold="true" box="[151,282,1953,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF84CD4EFE9EF861FD7356DA" box="[296,668,1953,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF84CD4EFE9EF861FD7356DA" box="[296,668,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="557">Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FEE4FC0E5022" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,993,295,321]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Body surface mostly shiny and smooth; punctures indistinct or minute.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FE88FB5C537A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
Clypeus with median furrow dorsally; ventral edge concave medially. Antenna with 18 antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFADCFE88FF5350EA" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1379,1403]" captionTargetBox="[151,1406,1048,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-572@2.[151,1436,1048,1353]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Antenna, lateral (f6 = flagellomere 6). A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259650/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFF0AFEACFF2550EA" box="[188,202,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2</figureCitation>
, 20E
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); flagellum serrations short; flagellomere 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF85CD4FFD6FFEACFCEC50EA" box="[729,771,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
lateral view with breadth including serration 1.1–1.4 × dorsal length (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFEA7FE50FE8150CE" box="[273,366,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1379,1403]" captionTargetBox="[151,1406,1048,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-572@2.[151,1436,1048,1353]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Antenna, lateral (f6 = flagellomere 6). A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259650/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFED8FE50FE9350CE" box="[366,380,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2</figureCitation>
, 20E
</geoCoordinate>
). Valvula 3 apically slightly concave in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFBB2FE50FB8850CE" box="[1028,1127,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
), apically truncate in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFF6AFE74FEAC50B2" box="[220,323,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
); apical groove rather wide (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFDCBFE74FD0A50B2" box="[637,741,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
). Lance in lateral view with dorsal edge not or slightly concave basally (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFF40FE18FE845096" box="[246,363,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20I, J</figureCitation>
). Lancet with 10 annuli and apex acute (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFC83FE18FC575096" box="[821,952,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,685,709]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,285,663]" captionTargetId="figure-549@3.[151,1436,285,663]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 6. A1, 2a, b, Female body, ventrolateral; B1, 2a, b, lancet (an = annulus). A1, B1, Monoctenus cryptomeriae; A2a, B2a, M. itoi; A2b, B2b, M. fujisanus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259654/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 6K–M</figureCitation>
); length from ventral end of ctenidium 1 to apex 3.7–4.1 × breadth; ctenidia 1 and 2 converging dorsally; ctenidia 2–6 inclined anteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FDE0FDC553CA" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FDE0FEEB535E" bold="true" box="[199,260,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Male</emphasis>
. Length 4.5–6.0 mm. As in female except for usual sexual differences (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFBA9FDE0FB48535E" box="[1055,1191,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20C, D</figureCitation>
). Antenna with 23–24 rami (26–27 antennomeres). Subgenital plate in ventral view truncate apically. Genitalia 
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFB32FD84FB035302" box="[1156,1260,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20N</figureCitation>
; in penis valve, paravalva with ventral edge nearly straight and inner sclerite widest near middle (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFBAAFDA8FB9753E6" box="[1052,1144,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,519,543]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,293,466]" captionTargetId="figure-715@4.[151,1435,283,496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis valve. A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Figs 9A</figureCitation>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5057FF85CD4FFBCEFDA8FB2A53E6" box="[1144,1221,619,645]" degrees="2, 20" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" precision="555" value="-2.2">
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFBCEFDA8FB6953E6" box="[1144,1158,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2</figureCitation>
, 20O
</geoCoordinate>
); valviceps 3.2–3.5 × as long as broad (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFEC4FD4CFE2053CA" box="[370,463,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,519,543]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,293,466]" captionTargetId="figure-715@4.[151,1435,283,496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis valve. A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Figs 9A</figureCitation>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5057FF85CD4FFE79FD4CFDF253CA" box="[463,541,655,681]" degrees="2, 20" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" precision="555" value="-2.2">
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFE79FD4CFE3253CA" box="[463,477,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2</figureCitation>
, 20O
</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FD70FF3B523E" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FD70FE7D53AE" bold="true" box="[199,402,691,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Immature stages</emphasis>
. Middle instar larva (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFD38FD70FD1853AE" box="[654,759,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-608@17.[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 21. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, Eggs, 18 June 2011; B, middle instar larva, 9 mm long, 23 July 2009; C, late instar larva, 13 mm long, 8 August 2010." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259696/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
): head brown; trunk yellow; thoracic legs gray. Late instar larva (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFF69FD14FEA85392" box="[223,327,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-608@17.[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 21. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, Eggs, 18 June 2011; B, middle instar larva, 9 mm long, 23 July 2009; C, late instar larva, 13 mm long, 8 August 2010." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259696/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
): 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF85CD4FFEEAFD14FE445392" box="[348,427,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long; head brown, dorsolaterally dark brown, anteriorly yellow brown; trunk pale yellow green, with narrow gray middorsal and supraspiracular longitudinal stripes; thoracic legs gray. Cocoon: 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF85CD4FFA95FD38FA8B5276" box="[1315,1380,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long in female, 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF85CD4FFEA4FCDDFE85525A" box="[274,362,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
long in male; dark brown; double-walled, with outer wall loosely spun and inner wall tightly spun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300651BFF85CD4FFF71FCA5FDDC5556" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FCA5FDDC5556" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FCA5FE4352E3" bold="true" box="[199,428,870,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B723CCDFF85CD4FFE0BFCA4FDCB52AA" collectingDate="2009-07-05" collectingDateMax="2010-05-11" collectingDateMin="2009-07-05" collectionCode="HARA" collectorName="Larva" country="Japan" location="Takadomari" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" specimenCode="HH090705" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A18832FF85CD4FFE0BFCA4FDCA52E2" box="[445,549,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFD80FCA4FD7A52E2" box="[566,661,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,771,795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,308,750]" captionTargetId="figure-569@2.[151,1436,308,750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A1, 2, Female body, ventrolateral; B1, 2a, b, female pronotum, lateral (posterodorsal corner arrowed); C1, 2, apex of lancet. A1, B1, C1, Monoctenus kondoi; A2, B2a, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis; B2b, C2, M. nipponicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259648/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFD23FCA4FD0C52E2" box="[661,739,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2, B2b</figureCitation>
, 20A, B, E–I, K, 21C): 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD19FF85CD4FFC4BFCA4FBFD52E2" box="[1021,1042,871,897]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, labelled “ 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7600FF85CD4FFB38FCA4FB0752E2" box="[1166,1256,871,897]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49DEF872FF85CD4FFB40FCA4FA8852E2" box="[1270,1383,871,897]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Fu- kagawa, 
<location id="8EC5604BFF85CD4FFF4AFC48FE6B52C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38786FF84CD4CFF21FF54FB24574E:8EC5604BFF85CD4FFF4AFC48FE6B52C6" box="[252,388,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Takadomari" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Takadomari</location>
, em. 
<date id="FFA41050FF85CD4FFE72FC48FDA552C6" box="[452,586,907,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2010-05-11">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9B8FF85CD4FFE72FC48FDA552C6" box="[452,586,907,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2010-05-11">11. V. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, H. 
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE55FF85CD4FFDCAFC48FD3F52C6" box="[636,720,907,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">HARA</collectionCode>
”, “ 
<specimenCode id="DBBC9EEBFF85CD4FFD44FC49FC9C52C6" box="[754,883,906,933]" collectionCode="HARA" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">HH090705</specimenCode>
G, 
<collectorName id="26EF5346FF85CD4FFC23FC48FC3952C6" box="[917,982,907,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Larva</collectorName>
coll. 
<date id="FFA41050FF85CD4FFBAFFC49FB4652C6" box="[1049,1193,906,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2009-07-05">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9B8FF85CD4FFBAFFC49FB4652C6" box="[1049,1193,906,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2009-07-05">5. VII. 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, coc. 13. VIII., Host: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFF21FC6CFDFA52AB" box="[151,533,943,969]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="communis" variety="montana">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF21FC6CFE9152AB" box="[151,382,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Juniperus communis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFE05FC6CFDFA52AB" box="[435,533,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B723CCDFF85CD4FFD99FC6CFF3B528E" collectingDate="2007-05-26" collectingDateMax="2010-05-11" collectingDateMin="2009-07-05" collectionCode="HARA" collectorName="Larva" country="Japan" location="Takadomari" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A18832FF85CD4FFD99FC6CFD4F52AA" box="[559,672,943,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD19FF85CD4FFD1CFC6CFD2052AA" box="[682,719,943,969]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector as holotype except 
<date id="FFA41050FF85CD4FFB57FC6CFA8F52AA" box="[1249,1376,943,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2007-05-26">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9B8FF85CD4FFB57FC6CFA8F52AA" box="[1249,1376,943,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2007-05-26">26. V. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFAD9FC6CFF53528E" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,519,543]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,293,466]" captionTargetId="figure-715@4.[151,1435,283,496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis valve. A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259660/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFF0BFC10FF23528E" box="[189,204,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B723CCDFF85CD4FFF56FC10FBDC528E" box="[224,1075,979,1005]" collectingDate="2007-05-26" collectingDateMax="2007-06-06" collectingDateMin="2007-05-26" collectionCode="HARA" collectorName="Larva" country="Japan" location="Takadomari" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Hokkaido" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD19FF85CD4FFF56FC10FEEB528E" box="[224,260,979,1005]" count="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, ditto except 
<date id="FFA41050FF85CD4FFE2DFC10FD95528E" box="[411,634,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2007-05-26" valueMax="2007-06-06" valueMin="2007-05-26">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9B8FF85CD4FFE2DFC10FD95528E" box="[411,634,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2007-05-26" valueMax="2007-06-06" valueMin="2007-05-26">26. V. – 6. VI. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectingMethod id="525B4E87FF85CD4FFD33FC10FCDB528E" box="[645,820,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">by Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFCF4FC10FC4F528E" box="[834,928,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1379,1403]" captionTargetBox="[151,1406,1048,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-572@2.[151,1436,1048,1353]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 4. Antenna, lateral (f6 = flagellomere 6). A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259650/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFC16FC10FC41528E" box="[928,942,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">2</figureCitation>
, 20J, L, M)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B723CCDFF85CD4FFB88FC10FDC15556" collectingDate="2010-07-03" collectingDateMax="2011-04-12" collectingDateMin="2010-07-03" collectionCode="HARA" collectorName="Larva" country="Japan" location="Takadomari" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD19FF85CD4FFB88FC10FB8C528E" box="[1086,1123,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector as holotype except coll. solitary larva 
<collectedFrom id="3806756DFF85CD4FFDF5FC34FC075573" box="[579,1000,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFDD0FC34FC075573" box="[614,1000,1015,1041]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="communis" variety="montana">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFDD0FC34FCA15573" box="[614,846,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Juniperus communis</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFC30FC34FC075573" box="[902,1000,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
<date id="FFA41050FF85CD4FFC59FC34FB945572" box="[1007,1147,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2010-07-03">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9B8FF85CD4FFC59FC34FB945572" box="[1007,1147,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2010-07-03">3. VII. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, coc. late VII – late VIII., em. 
<date id="FFA41050FF85CD4FFF71FBD8FEA65556" box="[199,329,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2011-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9B8FF85CD4FFF71FBD8FEA65556" box="[199,329,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" value="2011-04-12">12 IV. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFEEFFBD8FDCA5556" box="[345,549,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 20C, D, N, O</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300651BFF85CD4FFF71FBFCFAA0553A" box="[199,1359,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FBFCFAA0553A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,1359,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FBFCFEA7553A" bold="true" box="[199,328,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFE7AFBFCFDBC553A" box="[460,595,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">hokkaidonis</emphasis>
is derived from the 
<typeStatus id="54A18832FF85CD4FFC80FBFCFC89553A" box="[822,870,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">type</typeStatus>
locality and is to be treated as an adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300651BFF85CD4FFF71FBA1FF0155A6" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FBA1FDD8551E" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,567,1122,1149]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FBA1FEB6551F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1122,1148]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7600FF85CD4FFED1FBA0FE48551E" box="[359,423,1123,1149]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DEF872FF85CD4FFE00FBA0FDC4551E" box="[438,555,1123,1149]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FB44FF0155A6" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
The nominotypical subspecies is known from Europe (Hartig 1937, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF85CD4FFC0BFB44FB6755C2" author="Taeger, A. &amp; Liston, A. D. &amp; Prous, M. &amp; Groll, E. K. &amp; Gehroldt, T. &amp; Blank S. M." box="[957,1160,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" refId="ref14657" refString="Taeger, A., Liston, A. D., Prous, M., Groll, E. K., Gehroldt, T. &amp; Blank S. M. (2018) ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 5.0 (19 Dec 2018), data version 40 (23 Sep 2018). Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Muncheberg. Available from: https: // sdei. de / ecatsym / (accessed 12 October 2023)" type="url" year="2018">
Taeger 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFBA6FB44FBA755C2" box="[1040,1096,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) and Siberia (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF85CD4FFA9FFB44FF0D55A6" author="Sundukov, Yu. N." pageId="17" pageNumber="558" pagination="20 - 117" refId="ref14513" refString="Sundukov, Yu. N. (2017 b) Suborder Symphyta - Sawflies and wood wasps. In: Lelej, A. S., Proshchalykin, M. Yu. &amp; Loktionov, V. M. (Eds.), Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Suppl. 6. Zoological Institute RAS, Saint Petersburg, pp. 20 - 117." type="book chapter" year="2017">Sundukov 2017b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300651BFF85CD4FFF71FB0CFA7654A2" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FB0CFC09558A" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,998,1231,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FB0CFEAB558A" bold="true" box="[199,324,1231,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Host plant</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFEE4FB0CFE00558A" box="[338,495,1231,1257]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFE4CFB0CFD0E558B" box="[506,737,1231,1256]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFE4CFB0CFD0E558B" box="[506,737,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Juniperus communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFCB1FB0CFC09558A" authority="Aiton." authorityName="Aiton." box="[775,998,1231,1257]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="communis" variety="montana">
var. 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFC81FB0CFC76558B" box="[823,921,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">montana</emphasis>
Aiton.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FB30FD9E5452" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
The hosts of the nominotypical subspecies are 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFD62FB30FC8F546F" box="[724,864,1267,1292]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFD62FB30FC8F546F" box="[724,864,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">J. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFC30FB30FBA9546F" box="[902,1094,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="communis">
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFC62FB30FBA9546F" box="[980,1094,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFBE2FB30FB0E546F" box="[1108,1249,1267,1292]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFBE2FB30FB0E546F" box="[1108,1249,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">J. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFAB1FB30FD825452" authority="(Suter) Celak (Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987)" authorityName="Celak (Viitasaari &amp; Varama" authorityYear="1987" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="alpina">
subsp. 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFAE3FB30FA72546E" box="[1365,1437,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">alpina</emphasis>
(Suter) Čelak (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF85CD4FFE8AFAD4FD8A5452" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." box="[316,613,1303,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF71FAF9FA7654A2" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF71FAF9FEBC5437" bold="true" box="[199,339,1338,1364]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Life history</emphasis>
. The adults collected from late May to early June. The eggs (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFBB8FAF8FB9A5436" box="[1038,1141,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-608@17.[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 21. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, Eggs, 18 June 2011; B, middle instar larva, 9 mm long, 23 July 2009; C, late instar larva, 13 mm long, 8 August 2010." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259696/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
) were observed in middle June. They were singly inserted in current-year needles, but about 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD19FF85CD4FFC30FA9CFC33541A" box="[902,988,1375,1401]" count="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" type="egg">20 eggs</specimenCount>
were observed on adjacent new shoots. The solitary middle-instar larvae (about 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF85CD4FFDD4FA40FD4A54FE" box="[610,677,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
long) were collected in early July (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF85CD4FFB8DFA40FB4F54FE" box="[1083,1184,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-608@17.[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 21. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, Eggs, 18 June 2011; B, middle instar larva, 9 mm long, 23 July 2009; C, late instar larva, 13 mm long, 8 August 2010." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259696/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
) and they became cocoons in early to late August. The adults emerged in the following spring. This sawfly has one generation per year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF656618FF85CD4FFF21F863FD8D56BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10259696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259696/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" startId="17.[151,250,1952,1976]" targetBox="[151,1436,1498,1925]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF85CD4FFF21F863FD8D56BE" blockId="17.[151,1436,1952,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFF21F863FEF656DB" bold="true" box="[151,281,1952,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF85CD4FFE90F862FD7856DB" box="[294,663,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="558" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF85CD4FFE90F862FD7856DB" box="[294,663,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="558">Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, Eggs, 18 June 2011; B, middle instar larva, 9 mm long, 23 July 2009; C, late instar larva, 13 mm long, 8 August 2010.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C300651BFF86CD4CFF71FF54FB24574E" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF86CD4CFF71FF54FF505302" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF71FF54FEDB51D2" bold="true" box="[199,308,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFEF3FF54FD1151D2" authority="(Hartig, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[325,766,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFEF3FF54FDBD51D2" box="[325,594,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Monoctenus obscuratus</emphasis>
(Hartig, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
has been characterized in having an almost entirely black body, mostly blackish brown tarsi and hind tibia and distinctly infuscated wings (see Hartig 1837, Enslin 2017, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFF21FF1CFE9C519A" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[151,371,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref13478" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1947) Chalastogastra. Pt. 2. In: Faune de l'URSS. New Series. Vol. 32. Insectes Hymenopteres. II (2). Edition de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscou, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 235. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1947">Gussakovskij 1947</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFE36FF1CFD40519A" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." box="[384,687,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFD0BFF1CFBD8519A" author="Zhelokhovtsev, A. N. &amp; Zinovjev, A. G." box="[701,1079,223,249]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="7 - 234" refId="ref15213" refString="Zhelokhovtsev, A. N. &amp; Zinovjev, A. G. (1988) Symphyta. In: Medvedev, G. C. (Ed.), Opredelitel' Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSSR. Tom III. Pereponchatokrylye, Shestaja Chast'. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 7 - 234. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1988">Zhelokhovtsev &amp; Zinovjev 1988</bibRefCitation>
, Mol &amp; Aarsten 1994, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFAF3FF1CFF3C507E" author="Lacourt, J." pageId="18" pageNumber="559" refId="ref13808" refString="Lacourt, J. (2020) Hymenoptera of Europe 2. Sawflies of Europe. N. A. P Editions, Verrieres-le-Buisson, 876 pp." type="book" year="2020">Lacourt 2020</bibRefCitation>
; images of the female and male 
<typeStatus id="54A18832FF86CD4CFDF3FEC0FD48507E" box="[581,679,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFD78FEC0FC53507E" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[718,956,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFD78FEC0FC53507E" box="[718,956,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Lophyrus obscuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFC57FEC0FB5C507E" author="Taeger, A. &amp; Liston, A. D. &amp; Prous, M. &amp; Groll, E. K. &amp; Gehroldt, T. &amp; Blank S. M." box="[993,1203,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" refId="ref14657" refString="Taeger, A., Liston, A. D., Prous, M., Groll, E. K., Gehroldt, T. &amp; Blank S. M. (2018) ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 5.0 (19 Dec 2018), data version 40 (23 Sep 2018). Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Muncheberg. Available from: https: // sdei. de / ecatsym / (accessed 12 October 2023)" type="url" year="2018">
Taeger 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFB83FEC0FB87507E" box="[1077,1128,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), although 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFA87FEC0FEB35022" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama (1987)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the wings of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFDC4FEE4FCFC5022" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[626,787,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFDC4FEE4FCFC5022" box="[626,787,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were usually darker, but the darkness was unreliable as a character. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFE36FE88FDDA5006" author="Zombori, L." box="[384,565,330,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="231 - 236" refId="ref15272" refString="Zombori, L. (1975) New sawfly species in the Hungarian fauna (Hymenoptera, Symphyta), I. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 67, 231 - 236." type="journal article" year="1975">Zombori (1975)</bibRefCitation>
reported the specimens with an entirely yellow hind tibia under the name of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF21FEACFE2E50EA" box="[151,449,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF21FEACFE2E50EA" box="[151,449,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and Borowski &amp; Stawski (2021) did not mention dark legs and dark wings as characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF01FE50FEB650CE" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[183,345,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF01FE50FEB650CE" box="[183,345,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and their photos of a female and male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFCF4FE50FC0B50CE" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[834,996,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFCF4FE50FC0B50CE" box="[834,996,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an entirely yellow hind tibia and slightly infuscated wings (fig. 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF86CD4CFE58FE74FDDA50B2" box="[494,565,439,465]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.740399999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="226.0">226 in</quantity>
Borowski &amp; Stawski 2021). The 
<collectingRegion id="49DEF872FF86CD4CFC19FE74FBF250B2" box="[943,1053,439,465]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
specimens (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFB1FFE74FADD50B2" box="[1193,1330,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 20A–D</figureCitation>
) are very similar to fig. 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF86CD4CFE8DFE18FE6C5096" box="[315,387,475,501]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.740399999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="226.0">226 in</quantity>
Borowski &amp; Stawski (2021), and the valviceps of the 
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males (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFB08FE18FAF35096" box="[1214,1308,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,519,543]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,293,466]" captionTargetId="figure-715@4.[151,1435,283,496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis valve. A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Figs 9A</figureCitation>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5057FF86CD4CFAAAFE18FA865096" box="[1308,1385,475,501]" degrees="2, 20" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" precision="555" value="-2.2">
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFAAAFE18FAC55096" box="[1308,1322,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">2</figureCitation>
, 20O
</geoCoordinate>
) are elongated with the paravalva very thin and pointed, just like that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC3BFE3CFBC1537A" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" box="[909,1070,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC3BFE3CFBC1537A" box="[909,1070,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 12b in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFB0EFE3CFF3D535E" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 
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Mol &amp; Aarsten 1994). Therefore, the 
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specimens are considered to belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFAA5FDE0FF575303" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Lophyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFAA5FDE0FF575303" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF86CD4CFF71FDA8FD0452C6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">
The 
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specimens slightly differs from the European specimens. The 
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males have an antenna with 23–24 rami (26–27 antennomeres) and a valviceps 3.2–3.5 × as long as broad (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFBEFFD4CFB5853CA" box="[1113,1207,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,519,543]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,293,466]" captionTargetId="figure-715@4.[151,1435,283,496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis valve. A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Figs 9A</figureCitation>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5057FF86CD4CFB0EFD4CFAE853CA" box="[1208,1287,655,681]" degrees="2, 20" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" precision="555" value="-2.2">
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFB0EFD4CFB2953CA" box="[1208,1222,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">2</figureCitation>
, 20O
</geoCoordinate>
), but the European males have an antenna with 22 rami and 25 antennomeres (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFC25FD70FBF053AE" author="Enslin, E." box="[915,1055,691,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="539 - 662" refId="ref13450" refString="Enslin, E. (1917) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VI. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, [1917] (Beiheft 6), 539 - 662." type="journal article" year="1917">Enslin 1917</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFB9AFD70FAE853AE" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[1068,1287,691,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref13478" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1947) Chalastogastra. Pt. 2. In: Faune de l'URSS. New Series. Vol. 32. Insectes Hymenopteres. II (2). Edition de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscou, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 235. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1947">Gussakovskij 1947</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFAA5FD70FEDF5392" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFE8AFD14FD5E5392" author="Zhelokhovtsev, A. N. &amp; Zinovjev, A. G." box="[316,689,727,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="7 - 234" refId="ref15213" refString="Zhelokhovtsev, A. N. &amp; Zinovjev, A. G. (1988) Symphyta. In: Medvedev, G. C. (Ed.), Opredelitel' Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSSR. Tom III. Pereponchatokrylye, Shestaja Chast'. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 7 - 234. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1988">Zhelokhovtsev &amp; Zinovjev 1988</bibRefCitation>
, Mol &amp; Aarsten 1994) and a valviceps 2.9–3.1 × as long as broad (fig. 12b in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFEAAFD38FDAC5276" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." box="[284,579,763,789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 
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Mol &amp; Aarsten 1994). The 
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larva has a pale yellow green trunk with narrow black longitudinal stripes (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFD2AFCDCFCEC525A" box="[668,771,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-608@17.[151,1436,1498,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 21. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, Eggs, 18 June 2011; B, middle instar larva, 9 mm long, 23 July 2009; C, late instar larva, 13 mm long, 8 August 2010." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259696/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
), but the European larva has yellow-gray or greenish with broad black longitudinal stripes according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFD14FC80FC36523E" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." box="[674,985,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama (1987</bibRefCitation>
, photo in p. 37) or a pink-purple trunk without clearly marked longitudinal stripes according to Borowski &amp; Stawski (2021). Therefore, we believe that the 
<collectingRegion id="49DEF872FF86CD4CFF21FC48FEEA52C6" box="[151,261,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
specimens represent a separate subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF86CD4CFF71FC6CFAAD54A2" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF71FC6CFDB152AA" box="[199,606,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF71FC6CFDB152AA" box="[199,606,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC92FC6CFC2B52AB" box="[804,964,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC92FC6CFC2B52AB" box="[804,964,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. nipponicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but distinguished from it by the characters mentioned in the key and the remarks of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFDC4FC10FCE6528F" box="[626,777,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicu">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFDC4FC10FCE6528F" box="[626,777,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. nipponicu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. These two taxa also have slightly different lancets. The lancet of the former (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFE31FC34FDFA5572" box="[391,533,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 20K–M</figureCitation>
) is slightly narrower than that of the latter (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFBB3FC34FB625572" box="[1029,1165,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,206,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-59@15.[151,1436,206,1791]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 19. Monoctenus nipponicus. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, face of female, anterior; F, female antenna, inner; G–I, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; J, lance; K, L, lancet; M, genitalia, ventral; N, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259692/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 19K, L</figureCitation>
); the lancet length from the ventral end of ctenidium 1 to the apex is 3.7–4.1 × the lancet breadth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC5EFBD8FAF95556" box="[1000,1302,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC5EFBD8FAF95556" box="[1000,1302,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but 3.4–3.6 × in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF7AFBFCFE81553B" box="[204,366,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponicus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF7AFBFCFE81553B" box="[204,366,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. nipponicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This subspecies is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFD4EFBFCFC98553B" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[760,887,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFD4EFBFCFC98553B" box="[760,887,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. juniperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC19FBFCFBCE553A" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[943,1057,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC19FBFCFBCE553A" box="[943,1057,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Their differences are as follows. The abdomen of the former female is almost completely black (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFCD7FBA0FC51551E" box="[865,958,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,771,795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,308,750]" captionTargetId="figure-569@2.[151,1436,308,750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A1, 2, Female body, ventrolateral; B1, 2a, b, female pronotum, lateral (posterodorsal corner arrowed); C1, 2, apex of lancet. A1, B1, C1, Monoctenus kondoi; A2, B2a, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis; B2b, C2, M. nipponicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259648/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFC09FBA0FC21551E" box="[959,974,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">2</figureCitation>
), but those of the latter 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD19FF86CD4CFB6EFBA0FA8F551E" box="[1240,1376,1123,1149]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
have yellow laterotergites (
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFE39FB44FE1D55C2" box="[399,498,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,771,795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1428,308,750]" captionTargetId="figure-569@2.[151,1436,308,750]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. A1, 2, Female body, ventrolateral; B1, 2a, b, female pronotum, lateral (posterodorsal corner arrowed); C1, 2, apex of lancet. A1, B1, C1, Monoctenus kondoi; A2, B2a, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis; B2b, C2, M. nipponicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259648/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFE47FB44FE1355C2" box="[497,508,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1031,1055]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,703,1005]" captionTargetId="figure-217@1.[151,1436,703,1005]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, Fore wing of Monoctenus kondoi, male. B, Male antenna of M. nipponicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259646/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">1</figureCitation>
). The lancet of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFD04FB44FC0B55C2" box="[690,996,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFD04FB44FC0B55C2" box="[690,996,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFC40FB44FB6B55C2" box="[1014,1156,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,342,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-114@16.[151,1436,338,1935]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 20. Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F–H, ovipositor sheath, dorsal, lateral, posterior; I, J, lance; K–M, lancet; N genitalia, ventral; O, penis valve, lateral (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259694/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 20K–M</figureCitation>
) is slightly broader than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF50FB68FE8B55A7" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[230,356,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF50FB68FE8B55A7" box="[230,356,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. juniperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFEC4FB68FE1755A6" box="[370,504,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="13.[151,250,620,644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,608]" captionTargetId="figure-604@13.[151,1436,151,608]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 18. Monoctenus juniperi, female. A, Antenna, inner (f6 = flagellomere 6); B, ovipositor; C, D, lancet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259690/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 18C, D</figureCitation>
) and slightly narrower than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC34FB68FC1C55A6" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[898,1011,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC34FB68FC1C55A6" box="[898,1011,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFBB4FB68FB8555A6" box="[1026,1130,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1009,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-398@12.[151,1436,1009,1924]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 17. Monoctenus kondoi. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F, apical part of lance; G, lancet; H, I, penis valve, lateral (top dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259688/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
); the lancet length from the ventral end of ctenidium 1 to the apex is 3.7–4.1 × the lancet breadth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC00FB0CFB0C558A" box="[950,1251,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC00FB0CFB0C558A" box="[950,1251,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4.4–4.6 × in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFAC8FB0CFF1F546F" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFAC8FB0CFF1F546F" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. juniperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 3.2 × in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFECBFB30FE02546E" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[381,493,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFECBFB30FE02546E" box="[381,493,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The number of male antennal rami is 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF86CD4CFC22FB30FC19546E" box="[916,1014,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.968999999999999" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="23.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="23.0">23–24 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC4DFB30FAC8546E" box="[1019,1319,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC4DFB30FAC8546E" box="[1019,1319,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF86CD4CFAE0FB30FF425452" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF02FAD4FEDC5453" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[180,307,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF02FAD4FEDC5453" box="[180,307,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. juniperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFEF4FAD4FE225452" author="Enslin, E." box="[322,461,1303,1329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="539 - 662" refId="ref13450" refString="Enslin, E. (1917) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VI. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, [1917] (Beiheft 6), 539 - 662." type="journal article" year="1917">Enslin 1917</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFE6FFAD4FD5D5452" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[473,690,1303,1329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref13478" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1947) Chalastogastra. Pt. 2. In: Faune de l'URSS. New Series. Vol. 32. Insectes Hymenopteres. II (2). Edition de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscou, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 235. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1947">Gussakovskij 1947</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFD0BFAD4FC0B5452" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." box="[701,996,1303,1329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFC46FAD4FA8D5452" author="Zhelokhovtsev, A. N. &amp; Zinovjev, A. G." box="[1008,1378,1303,1329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="7 - 234" refId="ref15213" refString="Zhelokhovtsev, A. N. &amp; Zinovjev, A. G. (1988) Symphyta. In: Medvedev, G. C. (Ed.), Opredelitel' Nasekomykh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSSR. Tom III. Pereponchatokrylye, Shestaja Chast'. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 7 - 234. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1988">Zhelokhovtsev &amp; Zinovjev 1988</bibRefCitation>
, Mol &amp; Aarsten 1994) and 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF86CD4CFE3CFAF8FE2B5436" box="[394,452,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="26.0">26 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFE7DFAF8FDD25436" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[459,573,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFE7DFAF8FDD25436" box="[459,573,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The penis valve of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC95FAF8FBBD5436" box="[803,1106,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC95FAF8FBBD5436" box="[803,1106,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFAC8FAF8FF1F541B" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFAC8FAF8FF1F541B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. juniperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFE90FA9CFE79541A" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,406,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFE90FA9CFE79541A" box="[294,406,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the valviceps has the length 3.2–3.5 × the breadth in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC46FA9CFAF1541A" box="[1008,1310,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC46FA9CFAF1541A" box="[1008,1310,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFA9BFA9CFA66541A" box="[1325,1417,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="4.[151,250,519,543]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,293,466]" captionTargetId="figure-715@4.[151,1435,283,496]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis valve. A1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, M. obscuratus hokkaidonis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259660/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Figs 9A</figureCitation>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2E5057FF86CD4CFA3FFA9CFF2454FE" degrees="2, 20" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" precision="555" value="-2.2">
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFA3FFA9CFA78541A" box="[1417,1431,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-593@1.[151,1436,1484,1935]" captionText="FIGURE 2. A1, 2, Female body, dorsal; B1, 2, ditto, ventral; C1, 2, valvula 3, dorsal; D1, 2, ditto, lateral. A1, B1, C1, D1, Monoctenus nipponicus; A2, B2, M. cryptomeriae; C2, D2, M. itoi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371603/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">2</figureCitation>
, 20O
</geoCoordinate>
), 2.3–2.7 × in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFEDAFA40FE0654FF" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[364,489,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juniperi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFEDAFA40FE0654FF" box="[364,489,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. juniperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 12a in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFDC6FA40FC7A54FE" author="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M." box="[624,917,1411,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref15017" refString="Viitasaari, M. &amp; Varama, M. (1987) Sahapistiaiset 4. Havupistiaiset (Diprionidae). University of Helsinki, Department of Agricultural and Forest Zoology, Reports, 10, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1987">Viitasaari &amp; Varama 1987</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 
<quantity id="4CE29B75FF86CD4CFC7AFA40FC1854FE" box="[972,1015,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
Mol &amp; Aarsten 1994) and 2.5 × in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFAC8FA40FF0C54A2" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFAC8FA40FF0C54A2" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A15FF86CD4CFF45FA64FE9F54A2" box="[243,368,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1952,1976]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1009,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-398@12.[151,1436,1009,1924]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 17. Monoctenus kondoi. A, B, Female (holotype); C, D, male; E, female antenna, outer; F, apical part of lance; G, lancet; H, I, penis valve, lateral (top dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10259688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10259688/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Fig. 17H, I</figureCitation>
). For more differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFD6DFA64FBE554A2" box="[731,1034,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFD6DFA64FBE554A2" box="[731,1034,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFBF6FA64FB5D54A2" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2023" box="[1088,1202,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondoi">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFBF6FA64FB5D54A2" box="[1088,1202,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">M. kondoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see the key.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53690FF86CD4CFF71FA08FB24574E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFF71FA08FDB05486" box="[199,607,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscuratus" subSpecies="hokkaidonis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFF71FA08FDB05486" box="[199,607,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Monoctenus obscuratus hokkaidonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is separated from other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D13FF86CD4CFC56FA08FB865487" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1835" box="[992,1129,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Diprionidae" genus="Monoctenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFC56FA08FB865487" box="[992,1129,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">Monoctenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the coloration (compare with the descriptions of other species of the genus by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFD53FA2CFC9A576A" author="Norton, E." box="[741,885,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref14096" refString="Norton, E. (1872) Notes on North American Tenthredinidae with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 4, 77 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076265" type="journal article" year="1872">Norton 1872</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFCC9FA2CFBF5576A" author="Cresson, E. T." box="[895,1050,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref13367" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1880) Descriptions of new North American Hymenoptera in the collection of the American Entomological Society. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 8, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1880">Cresson 1880</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFB92FA2CFB58576A" author="Marlatt, C. L." box="[1060,1207,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="80 - 83" refId="ref13924" refString="Marlatt, C. L. (1888) Notes on a red cedar saw-fly. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 10, 80 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3624021" type="journal article" year="1888">Marlatt 1888</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFB76FA2CFA77576A" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[1216,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="1 - 235" refId="ref13478" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1947) Chalastogastra. Pt. 2. In: Faune de l'URSS. New Series. Vol. 32. Insectes Hymenopteres. II (2). Edition de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscou, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 235. [in Russian with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1947">Gussakovskij 1947</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFF21F9D0FEF3574E" author="Smith, D. R." box="[151,284,1554,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="409 - 418" refId="ref14330" refString="Smith, D. R. (1975) Conifer sawflies, Diprionidae: Key to North American genera, checklist of world species, and a new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 76, 409 - 418." type="journal article" year="1975">Smith 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFE91F9D0FE04574E" author="Smith, D. R. &amp; Sanchez-Martinez, G. &amp; Ordaz-Silva, S." box="[295,491,1555,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="444 - 450" refId="ref14379" refString="Smith, D. R., Sanchez-Martinez, G. &amp; Ordaz-Silva, S. (2010) A new Monoctenus (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) damaging Juniperus flaccida (Cupressaceae) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 112 (3), 444 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.112.3.444" type="journal article" year="2010">
Smith 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFEC7F9D0FE4D574E" box="[369,418,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFE40F9D0FCCB574E" author="De Lira-Ramos, K. V. &amp; Gonzalez-Gaona, E. &amp; Rodriguez-Cruz, Y. E. &amp; Piza-Nunez, E. G. &amp; Gomez-Nunez, J. C." box="[502,804,1555,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="73 - 93" refId="ref13836" refString="De Lira-Ramos, K. V., Gonzalez-Gaona, E., Rodriguez-Cruz, Y. E., Piza-Nunez, E. G. &amp; Gomez-Nunez, J. C. (2022) New species of Monoctenus (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) attacks Juniperus flaccida Schltdl. (Cupressaceae) in Guerrero, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales, 13 (69), 73 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.29298 / rmcf. v 13 i 69.1093" type="journal article" year="2022">
De Lira-Ramos 
<emphasis id="B96EEA82FF86CD4CFD1CF9D0FD0C574E" box="[682,739,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="559">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B61FF86CD4CFC99F9D0FBAC574E" author="Japoshvili, G. &amp; Haris, A." box="[815,1091,1555,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="559" pagination="23 - 28" refId="ref13737" refString="Japoshvili, G. &amp; Haris, A. (2022) New Monoctenus Dahlbom, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) species from Georgia. Natura Somogyiensis, 38, 23 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.24394 / NatSom. 2022.38.23" type="journal article" year="2022">Japoshvili &amp; Haris 2022</bibRefCitation>
, this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>