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<document id="F1EAF0CDC28ACEFB8ADD96F6A88E064F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30483" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4397.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b44266be-2443-4676-abd8-015e1e069156" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1202783" ID-ZooBank="DAB14765-7C9C-41FF-9ECF-563B82B9D258" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1521441517859" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Amr, Zuhair S., Abu, Mohammad A., Qumsiyeh, Mazin &amp; Eid, Ehab" docDate="2018" docId="C32887CBFF97BA6AFF3DFF60FB4EED9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4397.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4397 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sciurus anomalus Guldenstaedt 1785" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="3F11FFB3FF90BA63FFAAFFF7FFEDEA22" masterDocTitle="Systematics, distribution and ecological analysis of rodents in Jordan" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698532151927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C6C91C5472ABDF39DE43AA310C3FA104">Systematics, distribution and ecological analysis of rodents in Jordan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9B0C4A2B57961F208CB50B277CED66C">Amr, Zuhair S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C32887CBFF97BA6AFF3DFF60FB4EED9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5991701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142340537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5991701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C32887CBFF97BA6AFF3DFF60FB4EED9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C32887CBFF97BA6AFF3DFF60FB4EED9B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="039B6556FF97BA64FF3DFF60FDF4EAF1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF97BA64FF3DFF60FD87EA90" blockId="7.[151,618,151,211]" box="[151,618,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="107681B1FF97BA64FF3DFF60FD87EA90" bold="true" box="[151,618,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFF97BA64FF3DFF60FD87EA90" ID-CoL="7WTGG" authority="Guldenstaedt, 1785" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1785" box="[151,618,151,178]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF3DFF60FD87EA90" bold="true" box="[151,618,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF3DFF60FE9FEA93" bold="true" box="[151,370,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sciurus anomalus</emphasis>
Güldenstaedt, 1785
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF97BA64FF3DFF4DFDF4EAF1" blockId="7.[151,618,151,211]" box="[151,537,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF3DFF4DFEB1EAF1" bold="true" box="[151,348,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Common Name:</emphasis>
Persian squirrel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FF97BA64FF3DFEF5FCB9E835" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF97BA64FF3DFEF5FB42EB89" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF3DFEF5FEE7EB39" bold="true" box="[151,266,258,283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Color on back brownish gray and brownish yellow on the ventral side, fur is coarse with soft underwool (
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FF97BA64FF34FED1FEECEB1D" box="[158,257,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,2001,2023]" captionTargetBox="[391,1203,903,1986]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[391,1203,903,1986]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. The Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalusin Dibbīn Forest Reserve (photo RSCN)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202789/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). Tail thick, bushy and flattened in appearance. Ears with very short tufts. Muzzle short and blunt. Eyes surrounded by yellowish hair. Thumbs of forefeet vestigial. Hind feet with 5 digits. Dorsal side of tail is light redbrownish. Five pairs of mammae. Strong depression of the braincase posteriorly. Postorbital process of frontal present and distinctively sharp pointed. Low molar crowns and square-like shaped (
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FF97BA64FB95FE65FB4CEB89" box="[1087,1185,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,2003,2025]" captionTargetBox="[380,1223,195,1975]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[355,1239,187,1986]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. A.Dorsal, B. Ventral, C. Lateral views of the skull, and D. Mandible for Sciurus anomalus. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202791/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF97BA64FF6DFE41FCB9E835" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF6DFE41FED7EBED" bold="true" box="[199,314,438,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Localities</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FEE1FE41FDF0EBED" bold="true" box="[331,541,438,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Previous records.</emphasis>
Kufrinja (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFF97BA64FD3FFE40FC80EBED" box="[661,877,438,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref31125" refString="Amr, Z. S. &amp; Disi, A. M. (1988) Jordanian Mammals Acquired by the Jordan University Natural History Museum. Publication of the University of Jordan, Amman, 32 pp." type="book">Amr &amp; Disi, 1988</bibRefCitation>
); Burmā (Harrison &amp; Bates, 1991); Ajlūn Forest Reserve, Dibbīn Forest Reserve, Rimon, between Sakib and Anjara (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFF97BA64FC16FE2CFB69EBD1" box="[956,1156,474,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref31068" refString="Amr, Z., Eid, E., Qarqaz, M. A. &amp; Abu Baker, M. (2006) The status and distribution of the Persian Squirrel, Sciurus anomalus, in Dibbeen Nature Reserve. Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 55 (1), 9 - 17." type="journal article">
Amr
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FC51FE2BFBC2EBD1" box="[1019,1071,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
); Ajlūn (AUB specimen cited in Atallah, 1978).
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FE0BFE09FDDBE835" bold="true" box="[417,566,510,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New records</emphasis>
. Tabaqat Fahl (
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FF97BA64FD49FE09FCA8E835" box="[739,837,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[275,1307,228,1369]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,193,1402]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution of the Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202793/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FF97BA64FF6DFDD5FB5DE979" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF97BA64FF6DFDD5FB5DE979" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF6DFDD5FEC1E819" bold="true" box="[199,300,546,571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Habitat:</emphasis>
It is associated with thick pine and oak forests in northern Jordan.
<materialsCitation id="FBE93C80FF97BA64FB97FDD5FB5DE979" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1835976058" country="Jordan" location="Dibbeen Forest" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ajlun">
Locally, the Persian squirrel is uncommon and hard to spot in the mountains of
<collectingRegion id="8945F83FFF97BA64FD4CFDB1FCC4E87D" box="[742,809,582,607]" country="Jordan" name="Ajlun" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ajlūn</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="8945F83FFF97BA64FC90FDB1FC6DE87D" box="[826,896,582,607]" country="Jordan" name="Jarash" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Jarash</collectingRegion>
and Ishtafayna where pine and oak trees are abundant. It uses tree holes as nests and can be located using the piles of eaten acorns and cones under trees. In a recent study, the presence of the Persian squirrel,
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FD6BFD78FC7DE885" box="[705,912,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFF97BA64FD6BFD78FC61E885" authorityName="Guldenstaedt" authorityYear="1785" box="[705,908,654,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">Sciurus anomalus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
was confirmed in
<location id="4E5E6006FF97BA64FBCAFD79FAE1E884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C32887CBFF97BA6AFF3DFF60FB4EED9B:4E5E6006FF97BA64FBCAFD79FAE1E884" box="[1120,1292,654,679]" country="Jordan" name="Dibbeen Forest" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Ajlun">Dibbeen Forest</location>
Reserve and other localities in
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF97BA64FECEFD45FE5FE8E9" box="[356,434,690,715]" name="Jordan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Jordan</collectingCountry>
. The records were based on direct visual observations and finding remains of consumed pine cones. Examination of freshly consumed pine-cone remains constituted an excellent tool to record the presence and distribution of squirrels across the reserve. Freshly consumed pinecones formed continuous clusters in most of the studied localities. Also, remains of fresh, old and very old pine cones were concentrated in pine forested areas, and with less frequency in mixed pine-oak forested regions (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFF97BA64FC4EFCB4FB4EE979" box="[996,1187,834,859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref31068" refString="Amr, Z., Eid, E., Qarqaz, M. A. &amp; Abu Baker, M. (2006) The status and distribution of the Persian Squirrel, Sciurus anomalus, in Dibbeen Nature Reserve. Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 55 (1), 9 - 17." type="journal article">
Amr
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FB8BFCB3FBBCE979" box="[1057,1105,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="1FFE6655FF97BA64FF3DF826FBA6EDC5" box="[151,1099,2001,2023]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202789/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,2001,2023]" targetBox="[391,1203,903,1986]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF97BA64FF3DF826FBA6EDC5" blockId="7.[151,1099,2001,2023]" box="[151,1099,2001,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FF3DF826FEFFEDC4" bold="true" box="[151,274,2001,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
The Persian squirrel,
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFF97BA64FE5BF825FC46EDC5" authority="in Dibbin Forest Reserve" authorityName="in Dibbin Forest Reserve" box="[497,939,2001,2023]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF97BA64FE5BF825FD4AEDC5" box="[497,679,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sciurus anomalus</emphasis>
in Dibbīn Forest Reserve
</taxonomicName>
(photo RSCN).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1FFE6655FF98BA6BFF3DF824FA68EDCB" box="[151,1413,2003,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202791/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,2003,2025]" targetBox="[380,1223,195,1975]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF98BA6BFF3DF824FA68EDCB" blockId="8.[151,1413,2003,2025]" box="[151,1413,2003,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF98BA6BFF3DF824FEDFEDCA" bold="true" box="[151,306,2003,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 6. A.</emphasis>
Dorsal,
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF98BA6BFE22F824FE74EDCA" bold="true" box="[392,409,2003,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
. Ventral,
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF98BA6BFE51F824FDE0EDCB" bold="true" box="[507,525,2003,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
. Lateral views of the skull, and
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF98BA6BFCF9F824FC88EDCA" bold="true" box="[851,869,2003,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
. Mandible for
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFF98BA6BFC57F824FB5CEDCB" box="[1021,1201,2003,2025]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF98BA6BFC57F824FB5CEDCB" box="[1021,1201,2003,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sciurus anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1FFE6655FF99BA6AFF3DFA78FCADEF87" box="[151,832,1423,1445]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202793/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1423,1445]" targetBox="[275,1307,228,1369]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF99BA6AFF3DFA78FCADEF87" blockId="9.[151,832,1423,1445]" box="[151,832,1423,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF99BA6AFF3DFA78FEFFEF87" bold="true" box="[151,274,1423,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Distribution of the Persian squirrel,
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFF99BA6AFD2FFA67FCD4EF87" box="[645,825,1423,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sciurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF99BA6AFD2FFA67FCD4EF87" box="[645,825,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sciurus anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FF99BA6AFF6DFA3BFDC5ECC3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF99BA6AFF6DFA3BFDC5ECC3" blockId="9.[151,1437,1484,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF99BA6AFF6DFA3BFEC7EFC7" bold="true" box="[199,298,1484,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology:</emphasis>
The Persian squirrel is an arboreal and diurnal species. Squirrels were observed either individually or in groups of up to 9 individuals. It exhibits two activity peaks, early morning hours until around 9 am, and another peak two hours before the sunset when they start making calls (Koprowski
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF99BA6AFC41F9E1FBF1EC0F" box="[1003,1052,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
., 2016). When disturbed, animals always escape to the higher pine trees although oak trees are present. It could be seen either on the ground looking for food remains or on top of trees hiding or feeding on green cones that are usually found on the top of trees. Food remains such as cones were spotted close to or inside tree holes. Also, nests are located on thick branches with large amount of pine needles at various elevations. In
<collectingRegion id="8945F83FFF99BA6AFD55F952FCD2EC9C" box="[767,831,1701,1726]" country="Jordan" name="Ajlun" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ajlūn</collectingRegion>
Forest Reserve, we located a nesting site with a new born squirrel on a tree during April.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="039B6556FF99BA6AFF6DF91BFB4EED9B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFF99BA6AFF6DF91BFB4EED9B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1484,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF99BA6AFF6DF91BFED0ED27" bold="true" box="[199,317,1772,1797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks:</emphasis>
The presence of the Persian squirrel in
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFCB8F91BFCB0ED27" box="[786,861,1772,1797]" name="Jordan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jordan</collectingCountry>
represents its most southern range of distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="2F104B2CFF99BA6AFF34F8E6FEF0ED0B" box="[158,285,1809,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref30968" refString="Amr, Z. (2000) Mammals of Jordan. United Nations Environment Programme. Amman, 116 pp." type="book">Amr, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Koprowski
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFF99BA6AFE04F8E5FE0CED0B" box="[430,481,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
., 2016). Its occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFCA7F8E7FCB5ED0B" box="[781,856,1808,1833]" name="Jordan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jordan</collectingCountry>
may represent a relict population which have been separated from the continuous range of distribution that extends from the Caucasus through
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFB3CF8C3FB14ED6F" box="[1174,1273,1844,1869]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
, western
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFACBF8C3FA71ED6F" box="[1377,1436,1844,1869]" name="Syria" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Syria</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFF1FF8AFFEEEED53" box="[181,259,1880,1905]" name="Jordan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jordan</collectingCountry>
. The karyotype for specimens collected from
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFCA5F8AEFCD1ED52" box="[783,828,1881,1904]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iran</collectingCountry>
was found to be 2n=40, NF=76, with 18 metacentric and one submetacentric pairs of chromosomes (Nadler &amp; Hoffmann, 1970), while in
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFF99BA6AFBE6F88AFB70EDB4" box="[1100,1181,1917,1942]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, Al Bayrak &amp; Arsalan, (2006) obtained 2n=40, FN=80 with 5 metacentic and 14 submetacentric chromosome pairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>