treatments-xml/data/A4/1C/06/A41C0621FFA8D740FF68FF3FE684FB5C.xml
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<mods:title id="5ECEE6101215DA7A0395A1D70678EA4C">Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Chironomidae, Diptera): new species from the western Amazon region in Peru and Brazil, new records from the Neotropics, and remarks on the taxonomy of the genus</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FF68FF3FE3F8FF09" bold="true" box="[151,407,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">Tanytarsus marianae</emphasis>
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Reis, Lin
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Ferreira-Keppler, 2022
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(
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Reis, Lin
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, 2 ♁♁ (
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<collectorName id="8140D2E1FFA8D740FBC0FE26E6BCFE10" box="[1087,1235,398,424]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">M. Couceiro</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="8140D2E1FFA8D740FB21FE26E73EFE10" box="[1246,1361,398,424]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">G. Amora</collectorName>
, 2 ♁♁ (
<collectionCode id="4AA42FF2FFA8D740FF60FE1AE28AFE74" box="[159,229,434,460]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64AFE4BCFFA8D740FF38FE7EE684FB5C" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2C0AB737FFA8D740FF38FE7EE329FCC4" blockId="18.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FF38FE7EE354FE48" bold="true" box="[199,315,470,496]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">Remarks.</emphasis>
Knowledge on intraspecific variations can prevent misidentification. Variability is an inherent feature of all species, and its scale may be a derivative of different geographical locations, development conditions, a generation in a season, etc. Variable colouration, body size and other metric characters, as well as shapes of the main diagnostic structures can mislead, especially when derived from incomplete, deformed during preparation, or weakly described specimens. Failure to distinguish the characters or, on the contrary, overinterpretation or abuse slight differences of the usual variability can lead to the same result—multiplication of names (see remarks to
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FF68FD07E367FD70" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,264,686,712]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollicis">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FF68FD07E367FD70" box="[151,264,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">T. pollicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Hundreds of synonyms, doubtful or invalid names are evidenced in
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FBBEFD06E6D0FD70" authorityName="Zavrel" authorityYear="1917" box="[1089,1215,686,712]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4824CAC6FFA8D740FB2EFD06E2BDFD54" author="Ashe, P. &amp; Cranston, P. S." pageId="18" pageNumber="133" refId="ref13255" refString="Ashe, P. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1990) Family Chironomidae. In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Psychodidae-Chironomidae. Elsevier, Amsterdam / Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 113 - 355." type="book" year="1990">Ashe &amp; Cranston 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4824CAC6FFA8D740FF22FD7AE335FD54" author="Ashe, P." box="[221,346,722,748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" pagination="215 - 221" refId="ref13213" refString="Ashe, P. (1992) Corrections to the Chironomidae part of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 26, 215 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02255244" type="journal article" year="1992">Ashe 1992</bibRefCitation>
, Spies &amp; Sżther 2004; see also Giůka &amp; Gadawski 2022). Following this problem (see remarks to
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FF49FD5FE34AFCA8" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[182,293,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pollicis">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FF49FD5FE34AFCA8" box="[182,293,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">T. pollicis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), we here present variations of the main diagnostic structures in the two recently described species:
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FF68FCB3E3EBFC8C" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,388,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianae">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FF68FCB3E3EBFC8C" box="[151,388,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">Tanytarsus marianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FE42FCB3E04BFC8C" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[445,548,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rafaeli">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FE42FCB3E04BFC8C" box="[445,548,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">T. rafaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Descriptions of these species were based on materials collected in the central Amazonia (
<bibRefCitation id="4824CAC6FFA8D740FEE7FC96E3A5FCE0" author="Reis, P. R. &amp; Lin, X. - L. &amp; Ferreira-Keppler, R. L." box="[280,458,830,856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" pagination="426 - 434" refId="ref14248" refString="Reis, P. R., Lin, X. - L. &amp; Ferreira-Keppler, R. L. (2022) Three new species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Amazon rainforest. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 426 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.6" type="journal article" year="2022">
Reis
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FEAEFC97E3E7FCE0" box="[337,392,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
); now we supplement the knowledge on their geographic range eastward to the Brazilian Cerrado biome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C0AB737FFA8D740FF38FC2EE684FB5C" blockId="18.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">
In the material examined, sampled at sites far apart from each other (~
<quantity id="EB4D1AD2FFA8D740FC30FC2EE658FC18" box="[975,1079,902,929]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" unit="km" value="1500.0">1500 km</quantity>
), we found adult males showing an interesting variety of shapes of the most important diagnostic structures, the superior volsella and the digitus, on the basis of which
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FE71FC67E07AFC50" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[398,533,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianae">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FE71FC67E07AFC50" box="[398,533,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">T. marianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was diagnosed. The superior volsella takes the shape from oval or ellipsoidal to almost rectangular, with a rounded posterolateral margin, while the digitus is always well-developed and extended far beyond the superior volsella, with more or less prominent distal part in the shape of an elongated dumpling/flap or lanceolate, with a blunt tip (
<figureCitation id="B48EABB2FFA8D740FE0DFB92E05BFBEC" box="[498,564,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1883]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022, male, variations of diagnostic structures. A: anal point; B: median volsella; CE: superior volsella and digitus photographed (C, D) and drawn (E); superior volsella in the drawings (red) with anteroventral projection (yellow) and digitus (green), in dorsal (d) and ventral aspect (v)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864386/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
C-F). These characters occur in various combinations and fit other diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FECEFBF7E3D6FBC0" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[305,441,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianae">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FECEFBF7E3D6FBC0" box="[305,441,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">T. marianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="4824CAC6FFA8D740FE0FFBF6E0C7FBC0" author="Reis, P. R. &amp; Lin, X. - L. &amp; Ferreira-Keppler, R. L." box="[496,680,1118,1144]" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" pagination="426 - 434" refId="ref14248" refString="Reis, P. R., Lin, X. - L. &amp; Ferreira-Keppler, R. L. (2022) Three new species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Amazon rainforest. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 426 - 434. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.6" type="journal article" year="2022">
Reis
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FDD5FBF7E00BFBC0" box="[554,612,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
), thus are defined as intraspecific variations. Slight differences we observed also in the shape of the anal point (
<figureCitation id="B48EABB2FFA8D740FD7BFB2AE0B4FB24" box="[644,731,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1883]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. Tanytarsus marianae Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler, 2022, male, variations of diagnostic structures. A: anal point; B: median volsella; CE: superior volsella and digitus photographed (C, D) and drawn (E); superior volsella in the drawings (red) with anteroventral projection (yellow) and digitus (green), in dorsal (d) and ventral aspect (v)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864386/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) with distal spinulae slightly separated from the others or fused into a bar-shaped process. This character, as well as the particularly well-developed, bottle-shaped anteromedian projection of superior volsella are typical of the
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FD4CFB62E081FB5C" authorityName="Vinogradova, Riss et Spies" authorityYear="2009" box="[691,750,1226,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiche">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FD4CFB62E081FB5C" box="[691,750,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">kiche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group to which we here include
<taxonomicName id="EBB5CCB4FFA8D740FBA1FB63E68BFB5C" authorityName="Reis, Lin et Ferreira-Keppler" authorityYear="2022" box="[1118,1252,1227,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianae">
<emphasis id="1EC16B25FFA8D740FBA1FB63E68BFB5C" box="[1118,1252,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="133">T. marianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>