246 lines
20 KiB
XML
246 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.050.0208" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910603" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578486112" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ebejer, Martin J." docDate="2009" docId="567B87D11B2CFFE40881FD6AFC21F947" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.50.2.321-434.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 50 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.050.0208" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Somatiosoma : Frey 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="AA42FFA91B03FFD40962FFF3FFCAFFC0" masterDocTitle="A revision of Afrotropical Chyromyidae (excluding Gymnochiromyia Hendel) (Diptera: Schizophora), with the recognition of two subfamilies and the description of new genera" masterLastPageNumber="321" masterPageNumber="321" pageNumber="368" updateTime="1683602126579" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Afrotropical Chyromyidae (excluding Gymnochiromyia Hendel) (Diptera: Schizophora), with the recognition of two subfamilies and the description of new genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ebejer, Martin J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>321</mods:start>
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<mods:end>321</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.050.0208</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.050.0208</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7910603</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:567B87D11B2CFFE40881FD6AFC21F947" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/567B87D11B2CFFE40881FD6AFC21F947" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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<subSubSection box="[483,839,665,690]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[483,839,665,690]" box="[483,839,665,690]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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<heading box="[483,839,665,690]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7JLG" authority="Frey, 1958" authorityName=": Frey" authorityYear="1958" box="[562,839,665,690]" class="Insecta" family="Chyromyidae" genus="Somatiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[562,713,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Somatiosoma</emphasis>
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Frey, 1958
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[181,449,703,723]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[181,449,703,723]" box="[181,449,703,723]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Frey 1958: 32" authorityName=": Frey" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1958" box="[181,445,703,723]" class="Insecta" family="Chyromyidae" genus="Somatiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[181,303,703,723]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Somatiosoma</emphasis>
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: Frey 1958: 32
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1049,739,764]" box="[181,1049,739,764]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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<typeStatus box="[181,237,739,764]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Frey, 1958: 32" authorityName=": Frey" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1958" box="[340,771,739,764]" class="Insecta" family="Chyromyidae" genus="Somatiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitescens">
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<emphasis box="[340,600,740,764]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Somatiosoma nitescens</emphasis>
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Frey, 1958: 32
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1142,782,935]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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Frey (1958) initially described
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Frey" authorityYear="1958" box="[570,721,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Chyromyidae" genus="Somatiosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[570,721,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Somatiosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[936,1052,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Chyromyidae" genus="Chyromya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[936,1052,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Chyromya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, on the basis of absent presutural
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<emphasis box="[469,495,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">dc</emphasis>
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setae and absent additional marginal setae on the
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<emphasis box="[1047,1092,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">scut</emphasis>
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, but with setulae on the disc (although Frey describes these as setae, a better description might be fine setulae, since these are the same as those on the scutum, and which Frey refers to as hairs). Frey also drew attention to the fine scutal vestiture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1142,953,1234]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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Diagnosis: Head more or less round with
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<emphasis box="[642,682,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">ocp</emphasis>
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flat or only slightly convex when viewed from above or from side. Disc of
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<emphasis box="[555,595,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">ocp</emphasis>
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entirely or largely bare. Eyes round or almost so and
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<emphasis box="[230,249,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">fr</emphasis>
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about 1/3 width of head and not protruding above antennae, thus not visible in profile. No
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<emphasis box="[308,347,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">pra</emphasis>
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and no
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<emphasis box="[433,508,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">post ia</emphasis>
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setae, only one
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<emphasis box="[685,711,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">dc</emphasis>
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seta; these setae are present separately or together in some other genera.
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<emphasis box="[575,620,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">scut</emphasis>
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with several scattered fine setulae on disc in addition to usual four marginal setae. Short apicoventral seta on mid tibia indistinct and not as long as diameter of tibia at apex. Male postabdomen:
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<emphasis box="[839,914,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">ph apd</emphasis>
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stout and
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<emphasis box="[1026,1065,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">psg</emphasis>
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highly modified. In female postabdomen, 8
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<superScript attach="left" box="[573,586,1175,1189]" fontSize="6" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">th</superScript>
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segment narrow dorsally and membranous; ventral part with two poorly sclerorized plates.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[181,321,1251,1276]" box="[181,321,1251,1276]" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Description:</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="47.[181,1142,1294,1671]" lastBlockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis box="[181,240,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">Head</emphasis>
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:Yellow,
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<emphasis box="[340,358,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">fr</emphasis>
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not protruding beyond anterior eye margin, sides moderately converging towards antennae, across middle, often with very fine pale setulae;
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<emphasis box="[937,977,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">ocp</emphasis>
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flat to slightly convex when viewed from above, in profile slightly convex and narrowly visible behind eye margin; short setulae on postocular margin and just above
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<emphasis box="[888,928,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">ocp</emphasis>
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foramen, but none on disc of
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<emphasis box="[296,336,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="368">ocp</emphasis>
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; gena narrow, finely, but distinctly setulose; on lower part, behind with a distinct pale seta directed downwards; vibrissal angle very poorly differentiated; 2 or 3 short vibrissal setulae; face short and depressed, poorly sclerotized, except for a narrow median line, carina never properly developed although this sclerotized median line may give the impression in some specimens that a shallow carina exists; eye round or slightly oval, upper and lower facets of ommatidia almost equal in size; antenna with round third segment, first and second segments short, latter with seta dorsally; arista 3- segmented, usually bare, sometimes very short pubescent; mouthparts small but normally developed, palp short and broad oval to almost round. Chaetotaxy: 3 well-developed
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<emphasis box="[144,183,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">orb</emphasis>
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, anterior inclinate; 1 strong
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<emphasis box="[499,527,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">vti</emphasis>
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and 1 strong
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<emphasis box="[678,711,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">vte</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[724,750,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">oc</emphasis>
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divergent,
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<emphasis box="[877,911,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">pvt</emphasis>
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distinct and convergent or crossed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis box="[144,225,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Ground colour yellow; scutum with or without slightly darker yellow stripes;
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<emphasis box="[144,186,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">mtn</emphasis>
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and pleura yellow; scutum uniformly covered with short fine setulae. Chaetotaxy: 1–2
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<emphasis box="[192,245,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">pprn</emphasis>
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, 1
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<emphasis box="[277,352,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">posthu</emphasis>
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, 0+1
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<emphasis box="[415,441,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">dc</emphasis>
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, scutal setulae in 8–12 rows between
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<emphasis box="[860,886,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">dc</emphasis>
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lines, with a longer
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<emphasis box="[144,214,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">prscut</emphasis>
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pair, 1
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<emphasis box="[301,326,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">sa</emphasis>
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and 1
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<emphasis box="[405,433,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">pa</emphasis>
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, 2
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<emphasis box="[471,515,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">ntpl</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[529,551,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">ia</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[608,647,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">pra</emphasis>
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absent; 1 anepisternal at middle of hind margin and 1 katepisternal at upper posterior corner, sometimes with additional short setae or setulae adjacent to these,
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<emphasis box="[522,569,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">prpl</emphasis>
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absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
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Wing: Hyaline, uniformly microtrichose except for basal half of subcostal cell; costa thinner or broken just distal to weakly sclerotized
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<emphasis box="[678,706,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">hu</emphasis>
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crossvein and broken at R 1; subcosta merges with R 1 just before this reaches costa; veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 parallel to wing margin or very slightly convergent; costa ends just beyond end of vein R 4+5; costal setulae very short and of uniform length, sometimes a few setulae are longer than others at base of wing along anterior edge just before R 1 merges with costa; mixed in randomly amongst the pale costal setulae are darker and thicker setulae appearing as minute spines; 2–8 dark setulae set at intervals along dorsal aspect of costa between R 1 and apex of R
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" box="[162,187,773,787]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">2+3</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" box="[188,195,755,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Legs: Yellow and short setulose except front femur where longer posterodorsal and posteroventral setae may be present; mid tibia with short and inconspicuous apicoventral seta; claws black in apical half or more, pulvilli normal.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis box="[144,250,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Predominantly pale yellow in most species; sparse short setulose on all segments;
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<emphasis box="[224,246,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">tg</emphasis>
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sclerotized;
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<emphasis box="[386,405,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">st</emphasis>
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from poorly sclerotized to wholly membranous and very thinly and microscopically setulose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
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Male postabdomen:
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<emphasis box="[376,398,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">tg</emphasis>
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6 distinct from
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<emphasis box="[583,609,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">ep</emphasis>
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, but narrower than
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<emphasis box="[836,858,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">tg</emphasis>
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5 and ventral margin may be narrowed almost to a point; pregenital
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<emphasis box="[693,712,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">st</emphasis>
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not usually modified;
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||
<emphasis box="[978,1016,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">prg</emphasis>
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always distinct, often highly modified, fused to or articulated with
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||
<emphasis box="[813,853,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">hyp</emphasis>
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||
laterally;
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||
<emphasis box="[968,1007,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">psg</emphasis>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">bac scl</emphasis>
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||
both short and difficult to see;
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<emphasis box="[530,600,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">ej apd</emphasis>
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often sclerotized and large; tubule to
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<emphasis box="[1029,1104,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">basiph</emphasis>
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||
sometimes visible;
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||
<emphasis box="[359,435,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">distiph</emphasis>
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||
large and of complicated structure, partly membranous, but with several sclerotized components;
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||
<emphasis box="[562,609,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">cerc</emphasis>
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||
always small, narrowly separated and finely setulose;
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||
<emphasis box="[249,296,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">surs</emphasis>
|
||
usually separated from
|
||
<emphasis box="[564,590,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">ep</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Female postabdomen: Segment 8 with only
|
||
<emphasis box="[641,660,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">st</emphasis>
|
||
sclerotized and this is divided into two lateral plates which, when viewed from below, appear velvety owing to a dense pruinosity; each structure extends medially to form a translucent membranous lobe, which serve to close the genital opening;
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,599,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">hypr</emphasis>
|
||
present, small, membranous or very poorly sclerotized, usually bare or with microtrichia; epiproct not developed; 2 small (
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.04">0.04– 0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[257,268,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">s</emphasis>
|
||
, dark coloured (grey, brown or black), lying deep to lateral aspect of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1055,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">tg</emphasis>
|
||
6 or 7;
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,183,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">s</emphasis>
|
||
ducts not sclerotized or pigmented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" box="[144,753,1438,1463]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,222,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Length</emphasis>
|
||
: ơ and ^body
|
||
<quantity box="[398,536,1438,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="48" pageNumber="369" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wing 1.5–2.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[296,382,1478,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[253,286,807,827]" captionTargetBox="[373,948,206,780]" captionTargetId="figure-34@109.[373,948,206,780]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 68. Distribution of Somatiosoma Frey () and Gymnochiromyia Hendel (•) in Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910769/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
): Parts of the Middle East (Arabia,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[791,856,1478,1503]" name="Israel" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[869,940,1478,1503]" name="Oman" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[953,1054,1478,1503]" name="Palestine" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Palestine</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[144,224,1510,1535]" name="Yemen" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and throughout Africa and many of its islands. It has not been recorded from the Indian subcontinent, but could well occur there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="48.[144,1104,206,1671]" pageId="48" pageNumber="369">Ecology: This genus appears to be the most arid-tolerant in the family, and species are more likely to be found in scrub vegetation in eremic zones than species of the other genera. It appears to be the only member of its subfamily to occur in deserts.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |