treatments-xml/data/03/C8/87/03C887CA2E1DFFB4FF0FFD5FFC0D2F14.xml

<document id="17ABC3617601FDD6314C137DAB884E39" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199500" ID-GBIF-Dataset="14a2af50-a669-40e4-948f-0bec544f6622" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199500" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460338087769" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trivinho-Strixino, Susana, Silva, Fabio Laurindo Da &amp; Roque, Fabio Oliveira" docDate="2010" docId="03C887CA2E1DFFB4FF0FFD5FFC0D2F14" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02689p014.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2689" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parachironomus lupus Trivinho-Strixino, Silva &amp; Roque, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFF1FFB22E1CFFB2FF98FF84FF9B2D3E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Parachironomus Lenz, 1921 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), and description of immature stages of two other species from the Neotropical Region" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698260343144" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="889EEB844A651E682A9DA5EB76D63084">A new species of Parachironomus Lenz, 1921 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), and description of immature stages of two other species from the Neotropical Region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE4E2565C0772251FD5E4396CD498456">Trivinho-Strixino, Susana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="187E17A2D23F4C8CE487727D0A23CAB6">Silva, Fabio Laurindo Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A5F54AE4EAF7C373ECAACDF01C77C6F">Roque, Fabio Oliveira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CB2BA4600C6E5950A8AD0F256BC1B880">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="945E983BEFE966156811FCD3331858B3" type="Zenodo-Dep">199500</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C887CA2E1DFFB4FF0FFD5FFC0D2F14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6207890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119405546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6207890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887CA2E1DFFB4FF0FFD5FFC0D2F14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CA2E1DFFB4FF0FFD5FFC0D2F14" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C37B65572E1DFFB3FF0FFD5FFEBD2E24" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF0FFD5FFE6E2FCA" blockId="1.[151,501,730,794]" box="[151,501,730,757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D09681B02E1DFFB3FF0FFD5FFE6E2FCA" bold="true" box="[151,501,730,757]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF0FFD5FFE6E2FCA" bold="true" box="[151,501,730,757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1DFFB3FF0FFD5FFE362FCB" ID-CoL="8D66G" box="[151,429,731,757]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF0FFD5FFE362FCB" bold="true" box="[151,429,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Parachironomus lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657B52E1DFFB3FE2CFD5EFE6E2FCA" box="[436,501,730,756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF0FFC84FEBD2E24" blockId="1.[151,501,730,794]" box="[151,294,768,794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1DFFB3FF07FC84FE862E24" box="[159,285,768,794]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId-0="2.[151,270,1714,1738]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox-0="[186,1403,195,1673]" captionTargetBox-1="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[179,1408,167,1690]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., male. 1. Hypopygium. 2. Hypopygium, ventral view (SEM). 3. Superior volsella, (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view. 4. Ventral view of superior volsella (SEM). Scales: Fig. 1 = 100 μm; Fig. 3 = 50 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/199501/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B65572E1DFFB3FF0FFCCEFA972EE6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF0FFCCEFA972EE6" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF0FFCCEFE082E5A" bold="true" box="[151,403,842,868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DA887E2E1DFFB3FE04FCCFFD962E5B" box="[412,525,843,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male, 
<collectingCountry id="F376764C2E1DFFB3FDF8FCCFFD492E5B" box="[608,722,843,869]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: São Paulo State, Itirapina, Represa do Lobo (
<geoCoordinate id="EE55501B2E1DFFB3FA90FCCFFA0C2E5B" box="[1288,1431,843,869]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" value="-22.185276">22º11’07”S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE55501B2E1DFFB3FF0FFCF4FEB52EB4" box="[151,302,880,906]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" value="-47.894447">47º53’40”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFDF101C2E1DFFB3FEDBFCF4FE2B2EB4" box="[323,432,880,906]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1987-08">viii/1987</date>
, S. Trivinho-Strixino. 
<typeStatus id="54DA887E2E1DFFB3FD2DFCF4FCB72EB4" box="[693,812,880,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D67FD552E1DFFB3FCAEFCF4FC132EB4" box="[822,904,880,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D67FD552E1DFFB3FC0CFCF4FC6A2EB4" box="[916,1009,880,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
as 
<typeStatus id="54DA887E2E1DFFB3FB80FCF4FB192EB4" box="[1048,1154,880,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<specimenCount id="9D67FD552E1DFFB3FB15FCF4FB732EB4" box="[1165,1256,880,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
with pupal and larval exuviae, 1 larva, as 
<typeStatus id="54DA887E2E1DFFB3FE54FC1DFDA82E8D" box="[460,563,921,947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except for Brotas, Lagoa Dourada (
<geoCoordinate id="EE55501B2E1DFFB3FC43FC1DFBFE2E8D" box="[987,1125,917,947]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" value="-22.193054">22o11’35”S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE55501B2E1DFFB3FBEAFC1DFA932E8D" box="[1138,1288,917,947]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="15" value="-47.9175">47o55’03”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="FFDF101C2E1DFFB3FA86FC1DFA0F2E8D" box="[1310,1428,921,947]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2003-10-10">10/x/2003</date>
. 
<specimenCount id="9D67FD552E1DFFB3FF0FFC3AFF722EE6" box="[151,233,958,984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, as previous except for 
<date id="FFDF101C2E1DFFB3FE66FC3AFDF82EE6" box="[510,611,958,984]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2002-12">xii/2002</date>
. 
<specimenCount id="9D67FD552E1DFFB3FDF6FC3AFD562EE6" box="[622,717,958,984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
, as previous except for 
<date id="FFDF101C2E1DFFB3FC79FC3AFBF72EE6" box="[993,1132,958,984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2002-07-15">15/vii/2002</date>
, F. O. Roque.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B65572E1DFFB3FF5DFC67FF4329E3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DFC67FDD6291D" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DFC67FECC2EC3" bold="true" box="[197,343,995,1021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Latin 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1DFFB3FE6CFC67FDAC2EC2" box="[500,567,995,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FE6CFC67FDAC2EC2" box="[500,567,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(wolf) after the name of the reservoir where the larvae were collected (Represa do Lobo = Wolf Reservoir).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DFBA9FF4329E3" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DFBA9FE6A2979" bold="true" box="[197,497,1069,1095]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1DFFB3FE61FBAAFC872979" box="[505,796,1070,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FE61FBAAFC872979" box="[505,796,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Parachironomus lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1DFFB3FB88FBAAFB7A2979" box="[1040,1249,1070,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FB88FBAAFB7A2979" box="[1040,1249,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Parachironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the combination of the following characters. Adult male: hypopygium with superior volsella ventrally bearing a large, pubescent expansion. Pupa: it is indistinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1DFFB3FC26FBFDFAA629AD" authority="Beck &amp; Beck, 1969" authorityName="Beck &amp; Beck" authorityYear="1969" box="[958,1341,1145,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FC26FBFDFBB429AC" box="[958,1071,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. alatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B2D2E1DFFB3FBA0FBFDFAA629AD" author="Beck" box="[1080,1341,1145,1171]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Beck, W. M. &amp; Beck, E. C. (1969) Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida. III. The Harnischia Complex (Chironominae). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum - Biological Sciences, 13 (5), 277 - 311." type="journal article" year="1969">Beck &amp; Beck, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Larva: premandible with 3 teeth, proximal tooth wider and anterior margin strongly scalloped of the ventromental plate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B65572E1DFFB4FF5DFB6CFCA42DE9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DFB6CFC8A283D" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" box="[197,785,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DFB6CFE38283C" bold="true" box="[197,419,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description. Male</emphasis>
(n = 4 unless otherwise stated)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DFA8AFB8A2873" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DFA8AFECF2819" box="[197,340,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dimensions</emphasis>
. Total length [3.68] 
<quantity id="4C999B392E1DFFB3FDCAFA8AFC9C2816" box="[594,775,1294,1320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.49" metricValueMax="3.78" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="3.49" valueMax="3.78" valueMin="3.2">3.20–3.78 mm</quantity>
. Wing length [1.78] 
<quantity id="4C999B392E1DFFB3FB9CFA8AFB222816" box="[1028,1209,1294,1320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.545" metricValueMax="1.78" metricValueMin="1.31" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.545" valueMax="1.78" valueMin="1.31">1.31–1.78 mm</quantity>
. Total length/wing length [2.06] 2.06–2.40. Wing length/length of fore femur [6.63] 5.66–6.63.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DFADDFDAA2883" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DFADDFED4284C" box="[197,335,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Coloration.</emphasis>
Head yellowish brown, flagellum and maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax yellowish brown, scutellum pale brown. Wing clear, without spots; membrane transparent, veins pale brown. Legs pale brown. Abdomen and hypopygium brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DFA4DFE062B46" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DFA4DFE9528DC" box="[197,270,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Head.</emphasis>
Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, AR [2.19] 2.00–2.19 (10), flagellum [1119] 975–1131 μm long. Eyes bare, with dorsomedian extension containing 5–6 facets. Eyes ratio [0.77] 0.55–1.07. Palpomere 1–5 lengths (in μm): [23] 20–25; [25] 25–31; [66] 66–80; [134] 126–135; [160] 160–271 (2). Frontal tubercles small, [22] 22 (1) μm long, [17] 17 (1) μm wide. Temporal setae [14] 12–14 (3), irregularly uniserial. Clypeus with [16] 12–16 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DF907FDED2BD6" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DF907FEB02BA2" box="[197,299,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Thorax.</emphasis>
Antepronotum with 4 (1) lateral setae. Acrostichals [6] 6–10, biserial, beginning near antepronotum; dorsocentrals [7] 6–8, partly biserial; prealars [4] 3–5 (3); supraalar 1 (3); scutellars [6] 8 (3), biserial, irregular. Scutal tubercle absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DF977FEA62A95" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DF977FE9C2A32" box="[197,263,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Wing</emphasis>
[0.52] 
<quantity id="4C999B392E1DFFB3FEF1F977FDBE2A33" box="[361,549,1779,1805]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.52" valueMin="0.38">0.38–0.52 mm</quantity>
wide. Membrane without setae. Brachiolum with [2] 2 setae. Wing macrotrichia on C,R, R1, R4+5; submarginal row of setae on costa not reaching much further basal than R1; R with [17] 11–18 setae; R1 with [16] 11–16 setae; R4+5 with [22] 12–22 setae in distal half of vein. Squama with 1-2 setae. R2+3 ending about 1/3 distance between apices of R1 and R4+5.VR [1.20] 1.20–1.32 (3). FV [0.37] 1.20–0.51 (3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1DFFB3FF5DF833FACC2AC8" blockId="1.[151,1437,842,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1DFFB3FF5DF833FE9F2AEE" box="[197,260,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Legs.</emphasis>
Mid and hind tibiae each with two narrowly separated combs; each comb with a spur. Tarsal claws on all legs slender and hook-like, pulvilli well developed. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1E66542E1EFFB0FF0FF936FF782A37" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[186,1403,195,1673]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1EFFB0FF0FF936FF782A37" blockId="2.[151,1436,1714,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FF0FF936FEDF2BF4" bold="true" box="[151,324,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1EFFB0FED3F936FDA42BF7" box="[331,575,1714,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FED3F936FDA42BF7" box="[331,575,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Parachironomus lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FDDEF936FD182BF4" bold="true" box="[582,643,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657B52E1EFFB0FDDEF936FD182BF4" box="[582,643,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FD4CF936FD7C2BF4" bold="true" box="[724,743,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.</emphasis>
Hypopygium. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FC12F936FC052BF4" bold="true" box="[906,926,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.</emphasis>
Hypopygium, ventral view (SEM). 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FABCF936FAA32BF4" bold="true" box="[1316,1336,1714,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.</emphasis>
Superior volsella, (
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FE98F956FE962BD4" bold="true" box="[256,269,1746,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a</emphasis>
) dorsal view, (
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FE37F956FE252BD4" bold="true" box="[431,446,1746,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">b</emphasis>
) ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FDC7F956FDE82BD4" bold="true" box="[607,627,1746,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.</emphasis>
Ventral view of superior volsella (SEM). Scales: Fig. 1 = 100 μm; Fig. 3 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1EFFB1FF5DF8B6FA092DC2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1842,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,252]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1EFFB0FF5DF8B6FEC02A75" box="[197,347,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1EFFB0FEF3F8B6FE452A72" box="[363,478,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[186,1403,195,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[179,1408,167,1690]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., male. 1. Hypopygium. 2. Hypopygium, ventral view (SEM). 3. Superior volsella, (a) dorsal view, (b) ventral view. 4. Ventral view of superior volsella (SEM). Scales: Fig. 1 = 100 μm; Fig. 3 = 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
). Transversal anal tergite bands short, fading far apart medially. Caudal region of anal tergite without lateral projections. Anal point slender [55] 55–65 (3) μm long, slightly expanded distally, nearly 1.5 wider than the base, originating near caudal margin of anal tergite. Anal tergite with [16] 16–22 setae dorsomedially, around base of anal point, and laterally. Superior volsella, stout; enlarged distally with one setae arising from large pit; ventrally with a large, pubescent expansion. Inferior volsella pubescent, without caudal projection, not reaching beyond anal tergite. Gonocoxite with 4–5 medio-basal setae. Gonostylus long, about [5.50] 5.17–6.69 times as long as wide, narrowest in mid and distal regions and bearing numerous long to medium sized setae; 4–7 medio-distal setae. One apical seta. HR [0.65] 0.65–0.92.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF0FFEA8FA1F2FCA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<table id="F961C47C2E1F004DFF0FFEA8FA1F2FC7" box="[151,1412,300,761]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<tr id="3551349E2E1F004DFF0FFEA8FA1F2C7A" box="[151,1412,300,324]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<th id="76805DE22E1F004DFF0FFEA8FDF72C7A" box="[151,620,300,324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF0FFEA8FE912C7A" bold="true" box="[151,266,300,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Lengths (in μm) and proportions
</th>
<th id="76805DE22E1F004DFDEBFEA8FB1C2C7A" box="[627,1159,300,324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
of legs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1FFFB1FD46FEA9FC4A2C7A" box="[734,977,301,324]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FD46FEA9FC4A2C7A" box="[734,977,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parachironomus lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FC4FFEA8FB882C7A" bold="true" box="[983,1043,300,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657B52E1FFFB1FC4FFEA8FB882C7A" box="[983,1043,300,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male (n =
</th>
<th id="76805DE22E1F004DFB16FEA8FA1F2C7A" box="[1166,1412,300,324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4).</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3551349E2E1F004DFF0FFEE4FA1F2F3D" box="[151,1412,352,515]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<th id="76805DE22E1F004DFF0FFEE4FDF72F3D" box="[151,620,352,515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">fe ti p1 [662] 523–662 [369] 277–385 p2 [692] 538–692 [508] 415–554 p3 [769] 569–769 [692] 585–769</th>
<td id="76805DE22E1F004DFDEBFEE4FB1C2F3D" box="[627,1159,352,515]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ta1 ta2 [862] 508–908 [462] 277–538 [308] 231–323 [185] 123–200 [523] 400–630 (3) [246] 200–277 (3)</td>
<td id="76805DE22E1F004DFB16FEE4FA1F2F3D" box="[1166,1412,352,515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ta3 [338] 215–246 [123] 76–123 200–277 (2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3551349E2E1F004DFF0FFDA6FA1F2F07" box="[151,1412,546,569]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76805DE22E1F004DFF0FFDA6FDF72F07" box="[151,620,546,569]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">continued.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3551349E2E1F004DFF0FFDD1FA1F2FC7" box="[151,1412,597,761]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<th id="76805DE22E1F004DFF0FFDD1FDF72FC7" box="[151,620,597,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ta4 ta5 p1 [231] 138–247 [138] 92–154 p2 [77] 62–108 [62] 46–92 p3 92–138 (2) 77–123 (2)</th>
<td id="76805DE22E1F004DFDEBFDD1FB1C2FC7" box="[627,1159,597,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LR BV [2.34] 1.50–2.50 [1.62] 1.50–1.98 [0.61] 0.52–0.61 [3.38] 2.75–3.75 [0.75] 0.68–0.82 (3) 2.69–2.95 (2)</td>
<td id="76805DE22E1F004DFB16FDD1FA1F2FC7" box="[1166,1412,597,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SV [1.20] 1.14–1.82 [3.90] 3.71–4.00 [2.79] 2.34–3.08 (3)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5EFCB9FDEF2E69" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" box="[198,628,829,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5EFCB9FE9C2E69" bold="true" box="[198,263,829,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pupa</emphasis>
(n = 4 unless otherwise stated)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFCE6FD212E42" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" box="[197,698,866,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFCE6FED72E45" box="[197,332,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dimension.</emphasis>
Abdomen 
<quantity id="4C999B392E1FFFB1FE55FCE6FDEC2E42" box="[461,631,866,892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.6">2.60–3.10 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFC0CFDDD2E9C" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" box="[197,582,904,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFC0CFED62E9F" box="[197,333,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coloration.</emphasis>
Exuviae pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFC29FAC2292C" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFC29FEE52EF8" box="[197,382,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cephalothorax.</emphasis>
Cephalic tubercles absent; frontal setae 58 (1) μm long (Fig. 5). Wing sheath 
<quantity id="4C999B392E1FFFB1FABDFC29FF5E2ED2" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.945" valueMax="1.05" valueMin="0.84">0.84–1.05 mm</quantity>
long. Thorax sparsely granulose dorsally (Fig. 6); scutal tubercle weakly developed; prealar tubercle present; antepronotals 2, precorneals 2, dorsocentrals 4. Basal ring weakly constricted medially (Fig. 7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFB99FF6F287C" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFB99FEA52908" box="[197,318,1053,1078]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Shagreenation on T I–VIII covering most of tergite and with fine reticulations (Fig. 8). T II with posterior row of recurved hooks on distinct posteriorly projecting flap, uninterrupted medially, occupying about 1/3 the width of 2nd tergite. T III-VI with conspicuous posteromedian patch of spines higher on tergite V and VII; D5 stout, arising from large and prominent tubercles (Fig. 9). Sternites without conspicuous armature. Pedes spurii A present in segment IV, reduced to few spinules. Pedes spurii B inconspicuous. Segments I–IV with 0, 3, 3, 3 L setae, respectively; segments V–VII all with 4 taeniae; segment VIII with 5 taeniae. Anal lobe with complete fringe of about 67–86 taeniae; lamelliform dorsal seta present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFAD4FD732855" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" box="[197,744,1357,1387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFAD4FEE12854" bold="true" box="[197,378,1357,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4th instar larva</emphasis>
(n = 5 unless otherwise stated)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFAF2FE08288B" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFAF2FED428B1" box="[197,335,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body light red and head yellowish. Procercus and anal setae pale brown. Posterior parapod claws pale yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFA45FABA28E5" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" box="[197,1313,1473,1499]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFA45FE9F28E4" box="[197,260,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
335–369 μm long, 250–300 (4) μm wide; ventral length 178–215 μm long. IC 0.70–0.86.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DFA62FB7F2B73" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DFA62FEBC28C1" box="[197,295,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1FFFB1FEAEFA62FE102B3E" box="[310,395,1510,1536]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) 112–120 μm long, with 5 segments, basal segment 61–72 μm long, with ring organ 14– 16 (4) μm from base. AR 1.03–1.50. Antennal blade well developed arising from apical portion of basal segment reaching the middle of 4th segment; 4th segment nearly 3 times as long as 3rd segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DF9DDFE992B83" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DF9DDFEB42B4C" box="[197,303,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Labrum.</emphasis>
SI short, blade-like; SII blade-like, twice as long as SI; SIII seta-like; SIVa very small, 2 segmented. Pecten epipharyngis as in 
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1FFFB1FDCFF9FAFD512BA6" box="[599,714,1662,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 11</figureCitation>
. Premandible with 3 teeth, proximal tooth wider; brush absent (
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1FFFB1FF07F927FF6E2B83" box="[159,245,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DF94DFE882A36" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DF94DFEBB2BDC" box="[197,288,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Maxilla</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1FFFB1FEA0F94DFE102BDD" box="[312,395,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) Basal palp segment 21–26 (4) μm long, 15–17 μm wide, with ring organ 12–15 (4) μm from base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DF890FDE82A68" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DF890FEAE2A13" box="[197,309,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1FFFB1FEDEF897FE002A13" box="[326,411,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) 139–150 μm long with a long apical tooth and 2 inner triangular teeth brownish. Seta subdentalis short, passing 1st inner tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1FFFB1FF5DF8E0FDFA2AF2" blockId="3.[151,1437,829,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1FFFB1FF5DF8E0FEB32A43" box="[197,296,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mentum</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1FFFB1FEA2F8E0FE082A40" box="[314,403,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). With a middle tooth and 6 dark lateral teeth; middle tooth simple, not notched; 6th lateral tooth larger than 5th and set forward. Ventromental plate about 0.50-0.72 times as long as mentum width, with anterior margin strongly scalloped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E18FFB6FF0FF81CFEAF2ACC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1944,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FF0FF81CFEDE2A8E" bold="true" box="[151,325,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 5–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E18FFB6FED4F81CFDD82A91" box="[332,579,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FED4F81CFDD82A91" box="[332,579,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Parachironomus lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FDD2F81CFD1C2A8E" bold="true" box="[586,647,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657B52E18FFB6FDD2F81CFD1C2A8E" box="[586,647,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, pupa. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FD41F81CFD762A8E" bold="true" box="[729,749,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5.</emphasis>
Frontal apotome. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FC2DF81CFC512A8E" bold="true" box="[949,970,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.</emphasis>
Thorax. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FBB5F81CFBDA2A8E" bold="true" box="[1069,1089,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.</emphasis>
Basal ring. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FB5EF81CFB412A8E" bold="true" box="[1222,1242,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8.</emphasis>
Abdomen, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E18FFB6FF4EF83CFF702AEE" bold="true" box="[214,235,1976,2000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9.</emphasis>
Posteromedian patches of spines and setae D5 on tergites III-VII. Scales: Fig. 5 = 100 μm; Fig. 7 = 50 μm; Figs. 6, 8 = 500 μm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1E66542E19FFB7FF0FF80AFE312AD3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E19FFB7FF0FF80AFE312AD3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1934,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FF0FF80AFEFF2A98" bold="true" box="[151,356,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 10–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E19FFB7FEF4F80BFDF32A98" box="[364,616,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FEF4F80BFDF32A98" box="[364,616,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Parachironomus lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FDE8F80AFD2B2A98" bold="true" box="[624,688,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22657B52E19FFB7FDE8F80AFD2B2A98" box="[624,688,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, larva. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FC9DF80AFCBC2A98" bold="true" box="[773,807,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.</emphasis>
Antenna. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FC04F80AFC272A98" bold="true" box="[924,956,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11.</emphasis>
Pecten epipharyngis. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FB2CF80AFB4C2A98" bold="true" box="[1204,1239,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12.</emphasis>
Premandible. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FAE2F80AFA072A98" bold="true" box="[1402,1436,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13.</emphasis>
Maxillary palp. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FED9F835FEF92AF7" bold="true" box="[321,354,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14.</emphasis>
Mandible. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FE44F835FE652AF7" bold="true" box="[476,510,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15.</emphasis>
Mentum and ventromental plates. 
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E19FFB7FCE8F835FC0A2AF7" bold="true" box="[880,913,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">16.</emphasis>
Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10–14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1AFFB4FF5DFF1CFCA42DE9" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FF5DFF1CFEAF2D8F" box="[197,308,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A592E1AFFB4FEDDFF1CFE052D8C" box="[325,414,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,273,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,189,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1387,181,1913]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 16. Parachironomus lupus sp. n., larva. 10. Antenna. 11. Pecten epipharyngis. 12. Premandible. 13. Maxillary palp. 14. Mandible. 15. Mentum and ventromental plates. 16. Posterior end of abdomen. Scales: Figs. 10 – 14 = 50 μm; Fig. 15 = 250 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199502/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Procercus 0.82–1.18 times as long as wide, with 7 anal setae. Anal tubules 151–210 (2) μm long. Posterior parapod with pale yellowish claws.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B65572E1AFFB4FF5DFF66FC0D2F14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE36DC2E1AFFB4FF5DFF66FC0D2F14" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,554]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FF5DFF66FED82DC2" bold="true" box="[197,323,226,252]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
The best differential feature to separate the male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FC4EFF66FBA22DC5" box="[982,1081,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FC4EFF66FBA22DC5" box="[982,1081,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FB57FF66FA072DC5" box="[1231,1436,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FB57FF66FA072DC5" box="[1231,1436,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parachironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is the shape of the superior volsella, with its large pubescent ventral expansion. The pupal exuviae presents characteristics shared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FDEBFEA9FC3A2C79" authority="Beck &amp; Beck" authorityName="Beck &amp; Beck" box="[627,929,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FDEBFEA9FD7F2C78" box="[627,740,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. alatus</emphasis>
Beck &amp; Beck
</taxonomicName>
, such as absence of cephalic tubercles; posterolateral corners of segment VIII without spines, tergites III to VII with D5 stout, arising from large and prominent tubercles. The larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FDBDFEFFFD192CAA" box="[549,642,379,404]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FDBDFEFFFD192CAA" box="[549,642,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FCF4FEFFFBE22CAA" authority="Beck &amp; Beck" authorityName="Beck &amp; Beck" box="[876,1145,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FCF4FEFFFC4A2CAA" box="[876,977,379,404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. alatus</emphasis>
Beck &amp; Beck
</taxonomicName>
, and can be separated by premandible with three teeth, proximal tooth wider and anterior margin strongly scalloped of the ventromental plate. These diagnostic characters found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FD33FE42FC972CE1" box="[683,780,454,479]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FD33FE42FC972CE1" box="[683,780,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be enough to support the proposition of a new genus or subgenus. However, in the absence of additional (e.g. molecular) evidence, we consider it as more adequate to hypothesize 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FE20FD94FD8F2F17" box="[440,532,528,553]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FE20FD94FD8F2F17" box="[440,532,528,553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C614D5F2E1AFFB4FD53FD94FC142F17" box="[715,911,528,553]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EACE2E1AFFB4FD53FD94FC142F17" box="[715,911,528,553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parachironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>