244 lines
24 KiB
XML
244 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="7C180FB8DC5716ED7AB10FE4616E3B0A" ID-CLB-Dataset="9485" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4715537" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81916ce2-72cd-41a4-ab77-90301f5a88f8" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715537" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,jeremy" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jeremy" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1596037011017" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="W. D. Matthew & Barnum Brown" docDate="1923" docId="03C8879DFF9DD26982F1F88C0F33F6EB" docLanguage="en" docName="MatthewBrown1923.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 89" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Gorgosaurus libratus LAMBE. Skeleton in running pose. Belly River formation, Alberta. This skeleton, No. 5458, was obtained by the American Museum Expedition of 1914, in charge of Barnum Brown. The locality is Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada." docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFF1FFE5FF9FD26C8278FF8F0B64FFBD" masterDocTitle="Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1734351889773" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods id="B0C7C3D8F96C4126F3E4CB8E84AEAB05" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="24F91C76797EDC93AB6B69F6080760F3">
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<mods:title id="D023A0719FA4C232B6AADCE765315705">Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D78DA58935FBFBC5D6711E9E1DB050EC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="43CEAC03BD3CA20CE57B25E7F346A6BD">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5FCDE06330C75AD81903D100E3BA4EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DD0AC52F1FE82C06464102467CA6F913">W. D. Matthew</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="345511702BF8AAF71F7152EEBC01BE3E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="008FE385603FF80129DB2EEE08C998A7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="74744C80A7F210645045941541ED9638">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E3029B401BF438F4541A6D0348483633">Barnum Brown</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A91E9FD920BE95E63889F241E4750FC8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="04E64433652C03CD177F476E67A80C8E" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C511B8735EFB3C804000B1B06E73111B">
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<mods:title id="D719F8ECF7F74BA41DBD7FD066873B36">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1F23A2B2BD13380CD1F99FADBAEA9257">
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<mods:date id="B0CEE30706F890419601E7EED42D2477">1923</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7462CD3B41CB39C5F7DC501C6CA00E68" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="801189BFB0217BF7C1F9AC921280DC23">1923-10-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="F137A078C378C0ADE6F006EC14AD02E2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DDCE17A46A9EEDD41AA856DB805FF3DB">89</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="0A8D3FCB84DE8CC8DA72328C48E26BF9" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="6E56CC95FEE42D2285F309092C5C31F2">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2FFB4983FCA8922AD2E39C456B186987">10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="B77010E1D9DB433F55FCBBB3F0E1FFDE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9FF8AA73B88F08D213A7B39622667A2F" type="CLB-Dataset">9485</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D4EADEA5CC37B8C70B3A807A1AB39D44" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4715537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E70BDA4F8D1D766377DC9977C735F987" type="GBIF-Dataset">81916ce2-72cd-41a4-ab77-90301f5a88f8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B4AD765686EF331312590F2BFADA648E" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D30315AD8317CEAFF77FD09B433BCE67" type="Zenodo-Dep">4715537</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C8879DFF9DD26982F1F88C0F33F6EB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170597777" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8879DFF9DD26982F1F88C0F33F6EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8879DFF9DD26982F1F88C0F33F6EB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6500FF9DD26E82F1F88C0865F895" box="[137,769,1795,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E82F1F88C0865F895" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" box="[137,769,1795,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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2.-
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9DD26E82CCF88C08ADF894" box="[180,969,1794,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E82CCF88C0902F895" bold="true" box="[180,614,1795,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gorgosaurus libratus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E8005F88C0999F895" box="[637,765,1795,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">LAMBE</emphasis>
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.
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<subSubSection id="C37B6500FF9DD26E8157F88D09D1F849" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26E8157F88D09D1F849" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<materialsCitation id="3B093CD6FF9DD26E8157F88D09D4F849" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2985773301" collectingDate="1914" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Barnum Brown" country="Canada" formation="Belly River" location="Red Deer River" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="No. 5458" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
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Skeleton in running pose. Belly River formation,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F869FF9DD26E805EF8BA09D5F8E1" box="[550,689,1845,1884]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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. This skeleton,
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<specimenCode id="DBC79EF0FF9DD26E8388F8E709FFF833" box="[496,667,1896,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">No. 5458</specimenCode>
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, was obtained by the American Museum Expedition of
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<collectingDate id="EF9BE9A3FF9DD26E83E1F8150A8EF87F" box="[409,490,1946,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1914</collectingDate>
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, in charge of
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<collectorName id="2694535DFF9DD26E8088F8130F6BF87C" box="[752,1039,1947,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Barnum Brown</collectorName>
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. The locality
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E8753F8140E22F87C" box="[1323,1350,1947,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">is</emphasis>
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<location id="8EBE6050FF9DD26E8720F8140A3BF849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8879DFF9DD26982F1F88C0F33F6EB:8EBE6050FF9DD26E8720F8140A3BF849" country="Canada" name="Red Deer River" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Alberta">Red Deer River</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49A5F869FF9DD26E8304F8430962F849" box="[380,518,1996,2036]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F376761BFF9DD26E805CF84209D4F849" box="[548,688,1997,2036]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Canada</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6500FF9DD26982A7F78E0F33F6EB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9DD26882A7F78E09CBFC1C" blockId="2.[126,1446,368,2385]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1463,375,2400]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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It was prepared and mounted by Peter Kaisen and placed on exhibition in May 1921. The mount
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E812BF7BD080AF7E5" box="[851,878,2098,2136]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">is</emphasis>
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a large panel, 23
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9DD26E86C8F7BA0FA1F7E5" bold="true" box="[1200,1221,2101,2136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">x</emphasis>
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14 ft., made in eight sections which are easily separable for convenience in removal, as the panel is too large and unwieldy to be handled easily as a single block. Each section consists of a wooden framework in which the individual bones or blocks of matrix containing several bones left in the original rock have been articulated in position and clamped in place with steel straps and braces. The front of the framework between the bones of the skeleton
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268800DFE3B09F4FE67" box="[629,656,436,474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">is</emphasis>
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covered by a galvanized wire mesh
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268873BFE340EC5FE5C" box="[1347,1441,443,481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">faced</emphasis>
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with tinted plaster of paris, the surface of the plaster being chipped to give the effect of a chipped stone block. The thickness of the netting and plaster facing is only about an inch, and the sections are by no means heavy to handle, except for the weight
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688674FD0D0F4AFD15" box="[1036,1070,642,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
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the
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886EAFD0C0EC6FD11" box="[1170,1442,643,684]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">petrified bones</emphasis>
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themselves. When set up, the sections are bolted in position, and
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688711FD350EC6FD62" box="[1385,1442,698,735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the</emphasis>
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back of the framework is covered by panels
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688183FD670F79FCB3" box="[1019,1053,744,782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
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compo-board.
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688723FD620EC5FCAF" box="[1371,1441,749,786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The</emphasis>
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skull and jaws are supported on steel brackets and are
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688691FC910EC7FCF8" box="[1257,1443,798,837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">removable</emphasis>
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without disturbing the remainder; the
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268812EFCC408F6FCCC" box="[854,914,843,881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">left</emphasis>
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forelimb and shoulder girdle are also separately removable.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1E6603FF9CD26F8789F9830D28FC5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10077078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10077078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10077078/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[1521,1555,1548,1599]" targetBox="[312,1466,332,2302]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9CD26F8789F9830D68FBB7" blockId="3.[1521,1616,358,2285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Fig. 2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9CD26F8789FA8E0D51F750" box="[1521,1589,1028,2285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe.
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9CD26F8467F70C0D28FC5B" blockId="3.[1521,1616,358,2285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Skeleton mounted in running pose. The missing parts are painted on the panel, except for parts of the right fore and hind limbs, restored in plaster. Amer. Mus. No. 5458. Length of panel 24 feet.</paragraph>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9BD268829BFC260FF2FAB6" blockId="4.[136,1463,375,2400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The design of this mount embodies certain practical advantages in that, in spite of its gigantic size, it can readily be taken
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886FEFC690F8DFBB1" box="[1158,1257,998,1036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">down</emphasis>
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, removed, and re-erected elsewhere without damage or loss
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688675FB980F4AFB80" box="[1037,1070,1047,1085]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
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unity, save
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688759FB950EC1FBFC" box="[1313,1445,1050,1089]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">for the</emphasis>
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slight chipping at the edges of the sections, which can easily
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886A6FBC10E62FBCE" box="[1246,1286,1102,1139]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">be</emphasis>
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touched out with a little plaster after the specimen has been
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688617FBF00FC5FB19" box="[1135,1185,1151,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">set</emphasis>
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up where desired. The skull and forelimb are supported
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26881C4FB3F0888FB6B" box="[956,1004,1200,1238]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">by</emphasis>
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steel
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688628FB3D0E51FB67" box="[1104,1333,1202,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">brackets free</emphasis>
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of
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688716FB3B0EC3FB67" box="[1390,1447,1204,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the</emphasis>
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background and can be removed
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688097FB6E0845FABA" box="[751,801,1249,1287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">for</emphasis>
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study when desired.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9BD268829BFA810F3DF9BA" blockId="4.[136,1463,375,2400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The pose adopted (
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<figureCitation id="135A2A0EFF9BD2688037FA9E09D8FA87" box="[591,700,1297,1338]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[1521,1555,1548,1599]" captionTargetBox="[312,1466,332,2302]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe. Skeleton mounted in running pose. The missing parts are painted on the panel, except for parts of the right fore and hind limbs, restored in plaster. Amer. Mus. No. 5458. Length of panel 24 feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10077078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10077078/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26880A3FA9D0992FA84" box="[731,758,1298,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">is</emphasis>
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that
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268811DFA9B08E2FA87" box="[869,902,1300,1338]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
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a running dinosaur, and
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268871DFA950ECCFA82" box="[1381,1448,1306,1343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">was</emphasis>
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studied from photographs of running lizards and from
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886C3FAC40F90FACC" box="[1211,1268,1355,1393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the</emphasis>
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dinosaur footprints of the Counecticut
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26880B9FAF70828FA23" box="[705,844,1400,1438]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Triassic</emphasis>
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sandstones.
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268862BFAF20F1FFA1F" box="[1107,1147,1405,1442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">In</emphasis>
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addition to the classic photographs by Saville-Kent, we used photographs of the
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688746FA3E0A5CF9BD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Western Tiger</emphasis>
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Lizard recently taken by
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688163FA50083CF9B8" box="[795,856,1503,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mr</emphasis>
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. G. K.
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268819CFA6F0F30F9BA" box="[996,1108,1504,1543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Noble</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9BD269829CF9850955F8DD" blockId="4.[136,1463,375,2400]" lastBlockId="5.[309,1619,1237,2390]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Many western lizards run on their hind
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268818EF99D0F5CF985" box="[1014,1080,1554,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">legs</emphasis>
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when in
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268877BF99B0E01F986" box="[1283,1381,1556,1595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">haste</emphasis>
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, as may be seen from a study of their tracks on the sand.
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268860EF9C90FD8F9D1" box="[1142,1212,1606,1644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The</emphasis>
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photographs show that the animal has the fore part
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688119F9F808E7F920" box="[865,899,1655,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
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the body
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688638F9F60F9AF91D" box="[1088,1278,1657,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">well raised</emphasis>
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from the ground and the tail projects backward as a balance
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268860FF9240E11F96E" box="[1143,1397,1706,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">to the weight</emphasis>
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of the body.
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688311F9560ACBF940" box="[361,431,1753,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The</emphasis>
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tiger lizard, however, does
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26881C3F9510893F8BE" box="[955,1015,1758,1795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">not</emphasis>
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swing
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886F8F96F0FDDF8B8" box="[1152,1209,1760,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the</emphasis>
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legs directly under the body, as a bird does when running, but
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268865BF89F0E6DF885" box="[1059,1289,1808,1848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">flings the leg</emphasis>
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outward to one side in the middle of the step. This is conditioned
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886C7F8C90F8AF8D1" box="[1215,1262,1862,1900]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">by</emphasis>
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the
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268873BF8C80BB9F82E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">shortness</emphasis>
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of the leg and the articulation
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268815BF8FB0821F827" box="[803,837,1908,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
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the
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<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26881E4F8FB0F62F827" box="[924,1030,1908,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">femur</emphasis>
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|
outward
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26886C2F8F70E74F820" box="[1210,1296,1912,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">from</emphasis>
|
|
the side of the body instead of beneath it as in birds or mammals.
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688683F8230E28F86C" box="[1275,1356,1964,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">This</emphasis>
|
|
relation is clearly seen in the characters
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688122F85608ADF7BD" box="[858,969,2009,2048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of the</emphasis>
|
|
lizard femur. The
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688729F8520ED4F7B8" box="[1361,1456,2013,2053]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tibial</emphasis>
|
|
condyles are wholly beneath (posterior) instead of
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268860FF7810ED4F784" box="[1143,1456,2062,2105]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">extending partly</emphasis>
|
|
distal. The head of. the femur
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268808BF7B3086AF7DF" box="[755,782,2108,2146]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">is</emphasis>
|
|
almost wholly
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688641F7B10FBFF7DB" box="[1081,1243,2110,2150]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">proximal</emphasis>
|
|
, instead
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26887F7F7CE0ED5F7DA" box="[1423,1457,2113,2151]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
|
|
partly lateral.
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26883C6F7E30A82F72C" box="[446,486,2156,2193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">In</emphasis>
|
|
these
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268801FF7E30992F72F" box="[615,758,2156,2194]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">features</emphasis>
|
|
the dinosaur
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688678F7FF0F0EF728" box="[1024,1130,2160,2197]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">femur</emphasis>
|
|
differs
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688686F7FB0E30F724" box="[1278,1364,2164,2201]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">from</emphasis>
|
|
that of ordinary reptiles and approaches the type characteristic of birds and mammals. This is correlated with
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26881D6F75C0F1AF741" box="[942,1150,2259,2300]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the greater</emphasis>
|
|
relative size
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26887E9F7580ED7F740" box="[1425,1459,2263,2301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
|
|
limb to body, which
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688054F68E0923F69A" box="[556,583,2305,2343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">is</emphasis>
|
|
characteristic
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD2688126F68B08E4F697" box="[862,896,2308,2346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</emphasis>
|
|
mammals and birds, as compared with other reptiles. It
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD26880ABF6BB098BF6E7" box="[723,751,2356,2394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">is</emphasis>
|
|
concluded that the
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9BD268860AF6B80F92F6E2" box="[1138,1270,2359,2399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bipedal</emphasis>
|
|
dinosaurs walked with a comparatively straight step, swinging the hind limb well under the body and with the foot near to the median line of movement of the animal. In the quadrupedal dinosaurs the position of the forelimb, secondarily readapted to the support Qf the body, appears to have been with the elbow everted to a varying degree. The carnivorous dinosaurs, however, are fully bipedal even in the Jurassic, and in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9AD26983B1F98709FFF98C" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[457,667,1544,1585]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9AD26983B1F98709FFF98C" box="[457,667,1544,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gorgosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the forelimb is so small as to have no practical influence even in balancing the weight. The animal appears to have walked and run much like a gigantic bird, save that the long tail served to balance the weight of the large and heavy head and shoulders. The balance is, of course, incomplete, the pitching forward of the body being as essential to maintaining the speed of the step as it is in a man running.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF1E6603FF9AD2698307FB960FDAFB2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4715550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4715550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4715550/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[383,435,1049,1081]" targetBox="[323,1610,388,994]" targetPageId="5">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9AD2698307FB960FDAFB2C" blockId="5.[311,1617,1048,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|
Fig. 3. Restoration of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9AD2698095FB9508C6FB86" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[749,930,1050,1083]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9AD2698095FB9508C6FB86" box="[749,930,1050,1083]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gorgosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
bv E. C. Christman, illustrating the pose of skeleton, Fig. 2. The animal is represented as chasing a small herd. of duckbill dinosaurs (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C614D08FF9AD269839BFBE109DDFB2D" box="[483,697,1134,1168]" class="Reptilia" family="Lambeosauridae" genus="Corythosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B915EA99FF9AD269839BFBE109DDFB2D" box="[483,697,1134,1168]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Corythosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) which take refuge in the water.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9AD26983F2F8E50D34F733" blockId="5.[309,1619,1237,2390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The length of the stride shown in the mount is not nearly so extreme as in a swiftly running lizard; but an animal of such size and weight could not take so long a stride as a smaller and lighter creature. Comparison of the stride'of a running elephant with that of a dog or cat running clearly brings out this difference, which would be inferred from the laws of mechanics in their relation to the size of any animal.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BDE368BFF9AD26983F1F7160F33F6EB" blockId="5.[309,1619,1237,2390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The 4th to 19th caudals are restored, and all beyond the 30th. Distal half of left femur, left tibia and most of left fibula restored. Distal ends of ischium and pubis restored. Right ribs restored and some parts of left ribs. Parts of forelimbs.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |