192 lines
23 KiB
XML
192 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="9D9F5FEA20FA4F7C0545B3DC7CF25573" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5041813" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5041813" ID-ZooBank="DF505A18-63A1-44BB-BF5D-13887FAE0DAD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624979060254" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Larochelle & Larivière, Marie-Claude" docDate="2021" docId="038F87CF8F18484CDFED154AA3A83C20" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0864.1-96.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2021 (864)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Prosphodrus waltoni Britton 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFB6FFB78F17485CDF2D100BA17B386D" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the tribe Platynini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698978488161" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="C00598D3E4527405F837DA4551945AA4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0252BF3FAA38EA3587675A38F3756113">
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<mods:title id="C90B8ADDA94D7FC54E65ABF62E52D54A">Synopsis of the tribe Platynini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C3E52A8C0BDE17E3F46EF264A895B351" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8B324C64AF77A84EFBF1384D69435E6A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3355926C263609E2EDE539B7BC2BEEE9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="208E91625635CAEF45CBED02FC4E7796">Larochelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A499E571849FE9FB7685119111C3C054">Collection, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Prosphodrus waimana Larochelle</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D700DED1F35DDFA67B7724471D8437F5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A814C683795DA6DEAC983C14E2ED6B77">
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<mods:roleTerm id="65E5C1C5A6DA829FF74E7B52FBDA2516">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C9BEE8EC184618E1315CF4BFC9A471E1">Larivière, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BF43CA893991A79F6321D46627A30D1">- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Larochelle and Larivière, new species</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AB04C3076D3D1808625425EC6FC67A87">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C5188948B855C4BC9873C3350A2E403">
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<mods:title id="B20720EDF6A9EE6A37EA6C75CC2E0717">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9B5C9DA852E2412369C2D8B5399BAA5F">
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<mods:date id="F81DBADED10D0B04E30B8974908239A2">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9B15F34D0795C55BCBBFE34076DE8959" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="06B33353340D83654571A57D444A6999">2021-04-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BA5DFEBD1A286023F149BD66D9298436" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3EB5CACDB063F513FF5604F1E5A08B9F">2021</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="AE5C3C47BC0C846D9351976801AF3C0F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="DFFC6F83576481ACE650FFE624D47516">864</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="659D6ECF1E15EB844FF82814A100BDA7" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="4CA08192653D7A7F4D3497CCC1C8D917">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E8D20D0075B9FFEFAD88487C9618AFC8">96</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="FC79555E388370F14B6E097A37E2B26F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3E518D1426370198176D34971A760B1F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5041813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95D44511942364A3C8CC3CA38590639C" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65468047AA7EBC303A1371C26847C499" type="Zenodo-Dep">5041813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E060623D6891085E52BD31A61C5D15D5" type="ZooBank">DF505A18-63A1-44BB-BF5D-13887FAE0DAD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038F87CF8F18484CDFED154AA3A83C20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5041831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5041831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87CF8F18484CDFED154AA3A83C20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87CF8F18484CDFED154AA3A83C20" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C33C65528F184853DFED154AA30F3D32" box="[192,628,1345,1375]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D98F184853DFED154AA30F3D32" blockId="15.[192,628,1345,1408]" box="[192,628,1345,1375]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0D181B58F184853DFED154AA30F3D32" box="[192,628,1345,1375]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D5A8F184853DFED154AA30F3D32" ID-CoL="4MY3P" authority="Britton, 1959" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1959" box="[192,628,1345,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prosphodrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waltoni">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DFED154AA30F3D32" bold="true" box="[192,628,1345,1375]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DFED154AA0BE3D33" bold="true" box="[192,453,1345,1374]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Prosphodrus waltoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B288F184853DEE61549A30F3D32" author="Britton EB" box="[459,628,1346,1375]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref54393" refString="Britton EB. 1959. Carabidae (Coleoptera) from New Zealand caves. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B, Taxonomy) 28: 103 - 106." type="journal article" year="1959">Britton, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65528F184853DFED156DA01C3DED" box="[192,359,1382,1408]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D98F184853DFED156DA01C3DED" blockId="15.[192,628,1345,1408]" box="[192,359,1382,1408]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<figureCitation id="131D2A5C8F184853DFED156DA0763DED" box="[192,269,1382,1408]" captionStart="Figures 41–44" captionStartId="71.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[214,1431,270,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-12@71.[192,1439,247,1837]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figures 41–44. Dorsal habitus. 41) Notagonum submetallicum. 42) Prosphodrus mangamuka new species. 43) P. waltoni. 44) P. sirvidi new species. Scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5041833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5041833/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131D2A5C8F184853DE35156DA04E3DED" box="[280,309,1382,1408]" captionStart="Figures 80–86" captionStartId="81.[194,281,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[244,1370,249,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@81.[193,1442,213,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figures 80–86. Aedeagus, lateral. 80) Platynus macropterus. 81) Notagonum chathamense. 82) N. lawsoni. 83) N. feredayi. 84) N. submetallicum. 85) Prosphodrus mangamuka new species. 86) P. waltoni." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5041867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5041867/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">86</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131D2A5C8F184853DE12156DA01C3DED" box="[319,359,1382,1408]" captionStart="Figures 160–164" captionStartId="94.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,213,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-46@94.[192,1410,213,1836]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figures 160–164. Species distribution maps. 160) Prosphodrus mangamuka new species. 161) P. occultus. 162) P. sirvidi new species. 163) P. waimana new species. 164) P. waltoni." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5041911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5041911/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">164</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C65528F184853DFCD1584A3F63E69" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D98F184853DFCD1584A3F63E69" blockId="15.[224,1440,1423,1540]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F78F184853DFCD1584A3F63E69" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C88F184853DFCD1584A31C3DCA" author="Britton EB" box="[224,615,1423,1447]" page="106" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" year="1959">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D5A8F184853DFCD1584A31C3DCA" ID-CoL="4MY3P" authority="Britton, 1959: 106" authorityName="Britton" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1959" box="[224,615,1423,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prosphodrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waltoni">
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DFCD1584A0D03DCA" box="[224,427,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Prosphodrus waltoni</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C848F184853DE9C1584A31C3DCA" box="[433,615,1423,1447]" collectingDate="1958-01-11" collectionCode="NZAC, BMNH" collectorName="B. M. May" county="Cave Te Kuiti" location="Type" municipality="Waipuna Cave" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B288F184853DE9C1584A31C3DCA" author="Britton EB" box="[433,615,1423,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref54393" refString="Britton EB. 1959. Carabidae (Coleoptera) from New Zealand caves. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B, Taxonomy) 28: 103 - 106." type="journal article" year="1959">Britton, 1959: 106</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="549D887B8F184853DD5D1584A3AA3DCA" box="[624,721,1423,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male (NZAC) labeled “
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<location id="8EF960028F184853DCEC1584A28E3DCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87CF8F18484CDFED154AA3A83C20:8EF960028F184853DCEC1584A28E3DCA" box="[961,1013,1423,1447]" county="Cave Te Kuiti" municipality="Waipuna Cave" name="Type" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Type</location>
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(circular red-bordered label; typed) / alive on wall 500 yrds inside
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<location id="8EF960028F184853DED615A5A3903DAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87CF8F18484CDFED154AA3A83C20:8EF960028F184853DED615A5A3903DAB" box="[507,747,1454,1478]" county="Cave Te Kuiti" municipality="Waipuna Cave" name="Waipuna Cave Te Kuiti" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACA38F184853DED615A5A3EB3DAB" box="[507,656,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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Waipuna
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<collectingCounty id="62F84E558F184853DD7315A5A3EB3DAB" box="[606,656,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Cave</collectingCounty>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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Te Kuiti
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</location>
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[WO]
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<date id="FF9810198F184853DC1415A5A2CB3DAB" box="[825,944,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" value="1958-01-11">
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<collectingDate id="EFDCE9F18F184853DC1415A5A2CB3DAB" box="[825,944,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" value="1958-01-11">11.Jan.1958</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<collectorName id="26D3530F8F184853DC9115A5A55A3DAB" box="[956,1057,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">B.M. May</collectorName>
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(hand-written) /
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<typeStatus id="549D887B8F184853DBF715A5A4263DAB" box="[1242,1373,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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[male symbol]
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D5A8F184853DE7415C6A35E3D88" ID-CoL="4MY3P" authorityName="Britton" authorityYear="1959" box="[345,549,1485,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Prosphodrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waltoni">
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DE7415C6A35E3D88" box="[345,549,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Prosphodrus waltoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. sp. n. (hand-written).”
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<typeStatus id="549D887B8F184853DC6C15C6A2E73D88" box="[833,924,1485,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D20FD508F184853DC8815C6A5683D88" box="[933,1043,1485,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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(BMNH) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing a blue
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<typeStatus id="549D887B8F184853DED415E7A32A3E69" box="[505,593,1516,1540]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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label.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65528F18484CDFED161DA38B3A2B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D98F18484CDFED161DA38B3A2B" blockId="15.[191,1442,1558,1927]" lastBlockId="16.[192,1442,214,582]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DFED161DA0293E5D" bold="true" box="[192,338,1558,1584]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length 17.0–
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<quantity id="4CDE9B3C8F184853DD0A161CA3F43E5C" box="[551,655,1559,1585]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
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. Head, pronotum, and elytra black; abdomen black or reddish brown; antennae and palpi reddish brown; legs dark brown. Microsculpture isodiametric on head, moderately transverse on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster.
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DC5F1650A2C33E18" bold="true" box="[882,952,1627,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Head.</emphasis>
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Mandibles much longer than in other species, strongly curved anteriorly. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly biconcave anteriorly. Antennae very long. Eyes small, strongly convex. Tempora strongly inflated and very long (about two times as long as eyes). Mentum with six setae. Submentum with eight setae. Palpi with terminal segment truncate apically.
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F184853DBE116CAA45C3EB6" bold="true" box="[1228,1319,1729,1755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Pronotum strongly convex, impunctate, feebly wrinkled medially and laterally, wide, strongly cordate, widest before middle; apex slightly emarginate; anterolateral angles moderately developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded anteriorly, strongly sinuate posteriorly; lateral beads incomplete, obsolete in basal third; lateral depressions complete, widened anteriorly and posteriorly; posterolateral angles strongly rounded; laterobasal foveae very deep and wide, elongate (reaching pronotal apex), prolonged forward; posterior bead absent; base emarginate.
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDD3310DDA321389D" bold="true" box="[542,602,214,240]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Legs.</emphasis>
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Very long. Protibiae with dorsal longitudinal groove.
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDBE510DDA46C389D" bold="true" box="[1224,1303,214,240]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Elytra.</emphasis>
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Moderately convex, sloping down toward apex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders strongly rounded. Sides moderately rounded. Scutellar striole very long, impunctate. Striae deep, finely punctate. Intervals slightly convex; interval 3 with three obsolete setiferous punctures. Umbilicate series with 19–20 setiferous punctures. Subapical sinuations moderately strong. Apices obtusely rounded.
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDA0A1155A4D93915" bold="true" box="[1319,1442,350,376]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Sternum VII (last visible sternum): both sexes with two long apical ambulatory setae.
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDBB5118BA46B39F7" bold="true" box="[1176,1296,384,410]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
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Lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A5C8F07484CDFE711A8A06639D0" box="[202,285,418,445]" captionStart="Figures 80–86" captionStartId="81.[194,281,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[244,1370,249,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-11@81.[193,1442,213,1846]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="Figures 80–86. Aedeagus, lateral. 80) Platynus macropterus. 81) Notagonum chathamense. 82) N. lawsoni. 83) N. feredayi. 84) N. submetallicum. 85) Prosphodrus mangamuka new species. 86) P. waltoni." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5041867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5041867/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
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): strongly arcuate in basal half; base slightly convex dorsally, with basal lobe moderately wide; middle very wide, strongly convex, slightly concave toward apex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area strongly widened in apical half; apex subtriangular, moderately concave dorsally, almost straight, slightly convex ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and rather short. Dorsal view: moderately wide, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area deflected to the left).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C65528F07484CDFED1253A29D3AF2" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED1253A5A03A1F" blockId="16.[192,1243,600,627]" box="[192,1243,600,627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED1253A0D83A1F" bold="true" box="[192,419,600,626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D20FD508F07484CDE841253A3443A1F" box="[425,575,600,626]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="generic">37 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDD601253A3D83A1F" box="[589,675,600,626]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/76et-m1kt" name="Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">AMNZ</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDD801252A2783A1E" box="[685,771,601,627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">BMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDC231253A21D3A1F" box="[782,870,600,626]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/daw7-8h44" name="The Cleveland Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">CMNH</collectionCode>
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,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDC5D1253A2BF3A1F" box="[880,964,600,626]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n6z3-qvv0" name="Canterbury Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">CMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDCE31252A56F3A1E" box="[974,1044,601,627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">JNNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDB321253A50F3A1F" box="[1055,1140,600,626]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/15kb-kde6" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">MONZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE1C8F07484CDB521253A5B43A1F" box="[1151,1231,600,626]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34070" name="New Zealand Arthropod Collection" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Other institutional type">NZAC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED128FA29D3AF2" blockId="16.[192,998,644,672]" box="[192,998,644,672]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED128FA0A73AF3" bold="true" box="[192,476,644,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A5C8F07484CDEC6128EA3323ACD" box="[491,585,645,672]" captionStart="Figures 160–164" captionStartId="94.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[192,1410,213,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-46@94.[192,1410,213,1836]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figures 160–164. Species distribution maps. 160) Prosphodrus mangamuka new species. 161) P. occultus. 162) P. sirvidi new species. 163) P. waimana new species. 164) P. waltoni." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5041911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5041911/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 164</figureCitation>
|
||
). North Island: AK, CL, RI, TK, WO.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C65528F07484CDFED12B9A5AD3B90" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED12B9A0003B5F" blockId="16.[192,1440,690,818]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED12B9A0583AA1" bold="true" box="[192,291,690,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowland, montane. Fossorial, amphibious. Margins of rills (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B3C8F07484CDB0812B9A5153AA1" box="[1061,1134,690,716]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
|
||
wide) and seepages crossing dense wet forests (broadleaf, podocarp); caves (occasionally). Associated with gullies and ravines. Shaded ground; wet, stony or gravelly soil. Nocturnal; hides during the day under embedded stones, logs, and clods of clay. Gregarious.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED134EA07F3BC9" blockId="16.[192,1440,837,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED134EA05B3B32" bold="true" box="[192,288,837,863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Seasonality: January–February, April, June–July. Tenerals: March–April, June. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Defense mechanism: when alarmed, the adult escapes by running and diving into the water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED13BDA50F3BBD" blockId="16.[192,1140,950,977]" box="[192,1140,950,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED13BDA0F83BBD" bold="true" box="[192,387,950,976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Dispersal power.</emphasis>
|
||
Subapterous (incapable of flight). Swift runner. Excellent swimmer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED13E9A5AD3B90" blockId="16.[192,1238,994,1021]" box="[192,1238,994,1021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED13E9A0BD3B91" bold="true" box="[192,454,994,1020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Collecting techniques.</emphasis>
|
||
Turning embedded stones and logs, also clods of clay; pitfall trapping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C65528F07484CDFED1404A3A83C20" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936D98F07484CDFED1404A3A83C20" blockId="16.[192,1440,1039,1101]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EACB8F07484CDFED1404A03E3C44" bold="true" box="[192,325,1039,1065]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B288F07484CDE641404A3BE3C47" author="Larochelle A & Lariviere M-C." box="[329,709,1039,1066]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 281" refId="ref55539" refString="Larochelle A, Lariviere M-C. 2001. Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand 43: 1 - 281." type="journal article" year="2001">Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 139</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2007: 114 (list), 2016: 38 (list).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |