269 lines
22 KiB
XML
269 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.7386" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370" ID-PMC="PMC6716565" ID-PubMed="31523494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767530" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1638970172773" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Brehm, Gunnar, Sihvonen, Pasi, Hausmann, Axel, Holm, Sille, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza, Õunap, Erki, Truuverk, Andro, Staude, Hermann, Friedrich, Egbert, Tammaru, Toomas & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2019" docId="038F87AD2B0AFFA22EC55E9BF9C40B6F" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.7.e7386.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 7" docTitle="Epidesmiinae Murillo-Ramos, Brehm & Sihvonen 2019, newsubfamily" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFB6FFD52B1FFFB72F375F1EFFC20D03" masterDocTitle="A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1668138804254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brehm, Gunnar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Holm, Sille</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ghanavi, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Õunap, Erki</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Truuverk, Andro</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Staude, Hermann</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Friedrich, Egbert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tammaru, Toomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PeerJ</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-08-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>39</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.7717/peerj.7386</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC6716565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">31523494</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5767530</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5767477" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191256154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767477" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87AD2B0AFFA22EC55E9BF9C40B6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87AD2B0AFFA22EC55E9BF9C40B6F" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection box="[498,1277,389,416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1277,389,416]" box="[498,1277,389,416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos, Brehm & Sihvonen" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos, Brehm & Sihvonen" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,1091,389,416]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Epidesmiinae">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,662,389,415]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epidesmiinae</emphasis>
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Murillo-Ramos, Brehm & Sihvonen
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1099,1277,389,416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1099,1277,389,416]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subFamily">newsubfamily</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[498,1352,435,462]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1352,435,507]" box="[498,1352,435,462]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34D1E8F7-99F1-4914-8E12-0110459C2040</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[498,1109,480,507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1352,435,507]" box="[498,1109,480,507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authority="Duncan & Westwood, 1841" authorityName="Duncan & Westwood" authorityYear="1841" box="[648,1105,480,507]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epidesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[648,767,480,506]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epidesmia</emphasis>
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Duncan & Westwood, 1841
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Material examined: Taxa included in the molecular phylogeny:
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<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1929" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecphyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holopsara">
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<emphasis box="[1278,1492,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecphyas holopsara</emphasis>
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Turner, 1929
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lower" authorityYear="1894" box="[667,895,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Systatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthastis">
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<emphasis box="[667,895,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Systatica xanthastis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lower, 1894,
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<taxonomicName authority="Hudson, 1903" authorityName="Hudson" authorityYear="1903" box="[1062,1420,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Adeixis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griseata">
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<emphasis box="[1062,1244,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adeixis griseata</emphasis>
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Hudson, 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[498,952,622,648]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dichromodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicataria">
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<emphasis box="[498,785,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dichromodes indicataria</emphasis>
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Walker, 1866
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[965,1152,622,649]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phrixocomes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[965,1111,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Phrixocomes</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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Turner, 1930,
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<taxonomicName authority="Swinhoe, 1890" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Abraxaphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perampla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abraxaphantes perampla</emphasis>
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Swinhoe, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Herrich-Schaffer, 1855)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[801,1342,662,689]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epidesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilonaria">
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<emphasis box="[801,1046,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epidesmia chilonaria</emphasis>
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(Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phrataria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="replicataria">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Phrataria replicataria</emphasis>
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Walker, 1866
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Most of the slender-bodied
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[858,1049,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
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, excluded from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[1241,1430,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1438,1484,742,767]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">s.str</emphasis>
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. by
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<bibRefCitation author="Holloway J." box="[498,690,781,807]" journalOrPublisher="Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="147 - 326" part="49" refId="ref18919" refString="Holloway J. 1996. The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae. Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147 - 326." title="The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae" type="journal article" year="1996">
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<emphasis box="[498,690,781,807]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Holloway (1996)</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, were recovered as an independent lineage (
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<figureCitation box="[1215,1280,781,808]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[116,181,1038,1060]" captionTargetBox="[90,1342,236,978]" captionTargetId="graphics-225@10.[90,1168,244,977]" captionText="Figure 4 Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies Archierinae, Desmobathrinae, Epidesmiinae subfam. nov., Oenochrominae. Numbers above branches are SH-aLRT support (%)/ultrafast bootstrap support, UFBoot2(%), for nodes to the right of the numbers. Values of SH ≥ 80 and UFBoot2 ≥ 95 indicate well-supported clades (Trifinopoulos & Minh, 2018). Taxonomic changes are indicated by a symobolized arrow>. *Formal taxonomic treatment will be dealt with in P. Sihvonen et al., 2019, unpublished data. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7386/fig-4" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5767538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5767538/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) that consists of two clades:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1929" box="[582,734,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecphyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holopsara">
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<emphasis box="[582,734,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ec. holopsara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lower" authorityYear="1894" box="[764,909,821,848]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Systatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthastis">
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<emphasis box="[764,909,821,848]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S. xanthastis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[965,1125,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epidesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilonaria">
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<emphasis box="[965,1125,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ep. chilonaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+ five other genera. Branch support values from IQ-TREE strongly support the monophyly of this clade (SH-like and UFBoot2 = 100), while in RAxML the clade is moderately supported (RBS = 89).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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These genera have earlier been assigned to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[1003,1192,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1200,1223,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">s.l</emphasis>
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. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Scoble MJ & Edwards ED" box="[1248,1526,941,967]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="371 - 399" part="20" refId="ref20574" refString="Scoble MJ, Edwards ED. 1990. Parepisparis Bethune-Baker and the composition of the Oenochrominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Entomologica Scandinavica 20 (4): 371 - 399 DOI 10.1163 / 187631289 X 00375." title="Parepisparis Bethune-Baker and the composition of the Oenochrominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="1990">
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<emphasis box="[1248,1526,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Scoble & Edwards, 1990</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). However, we recovered the group as a well-supported lineage independent from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[498,687,1021,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[696,742,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">s.str</emphasis>
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. and transfer them to
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<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[1009,1168,1021,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. n." subFamily="Epidesmiinae">Epidesmiinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1181,1304,1021,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="subFamily">subfam. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<tableCitation box="[1323,1411,1021,1047]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="15.[117,172,248,269]" captionText="Table 2 Summary of formally proposed taxonomic changes." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Phylogenetic position:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[798,955,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epidesmiinae">Epidesmiinae</taxonomicName>
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is sister to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[1092,1281,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[1290,1336,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">s.str</emphasis>
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. +
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<taxonomicName authority="Geometrinae" authorityName="Duncan & Westwood" authorityYear="1841" box="[1377,1476,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eumelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1377,1476,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Eumelea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[498,649,1100,1126]" pageId="21" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Abraham et al." baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[684,822,1100,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Short description of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[765,925,1140,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epidesmiinae">Epidesmiinae</taxonomicName>
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: Antennae in males unipectinate (exception:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[1441,1526,1140,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Adeixis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1441,1526,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Adeixis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), shorter towards the apex. Pectination moderate or long. Thorax and abdomen slender (unlike in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[622,816,1220,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
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). Forewings with sinuous postmedial line and areole present. Forewings planiform (with wings lying flat on the substrate) in resting position, held like a triangle and cover the hindwings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Murillo-Ramos & Brehm & Sihvonen & Hausmann & Holm & Ghanavi & Õunap & Truuverk & Staude & Friedrich & Tammaru & Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[685,845,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epidesmiinae">Epidesmiinae</taxonomicName>
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: The genera included in this subfamily form a strongly supported clade with DNA sequence data from the following gene regions (exemplar
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<taxonomicName authority="(Herrich-Schaffer, 1855))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[498,1049,1419,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epidesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilonaria">
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<emphasis box="[498,743,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Epidesmia chilonaria</emphasis>
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(Herrich-Schäffer, 1855))
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</taxonomicName>
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|
ArgK (MK738299), Ca-ATPase (MK738690), CAD (MK738960), COI (MK739187), EF1a (MK740168), GAPDH (MK740402), MDH (MK740974) and Nex9 (MK741433). Athorough morphological investigation of the subfamily, including diagnostic characters, is under preparation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[498,1542,542,1645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Distribution: Most genera are distributed in the Australian region, with some species ranging into the Oriental region.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[885,1060,1618,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Abraxaphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[885,1060,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abraxaphantes</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs exclusively in the Oriental region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |