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<document id="518BFF5893689C6EBBE5E8716BA62798" ID-CLB-Dataset="21844" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.359" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87920495-c1bf-4bdb-b153-50e709c1d6c2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3855694" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590500868344" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="d’Acoz, Cédric d’Udekem &amp; Verheye, Marie L." docDate="2017" docId="4A5A879BFF8E6876FDD9FC6BCDFEFA31" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-359.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 359" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eusiroidea Stebbing 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="B663FFE3FF86687FFFF7FFE8CF17FF89" masterDocTitle="Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="553" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698841458082" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="712736E0589740E03140773F70405DEA">Epimeria of the Southern Ocean with notes on their relatives (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Eusiroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91F72B9C582278A9688D64D36CD5003F">d’Acoz, Cédric d’Udekem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AC400CCC332196DF4AB2EC81F5B44FB2">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Service Heritage, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium. &amp; Corresponding author: cdudekem @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0C50801C8A75EF698FB35B64A7B0F1AF">Verheye, Marie L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ACFB26129B4951DC944FEF7F395E0051">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational direction Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium. &amp; Email: mverheye @ naturalsciences. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2DFE224816A6EDF3FBAF97CA8611F39C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="91DD86FD3E536C2491BEBD6FFBE3D410">2017</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="8AE96506FF8E6877FDD9FC6BCB11FC14" box="[558,1030,899,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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Superfamily
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FD31FC6BCB11FC14" ID-CoL="7NGMN" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[710,1030,899,925]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FD31FC6BCC5AFC14" bold="true" box="[710,845,899,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eusiroidea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FCA3FC6BCB11FC14" author="Stebbing" box="[852,1030,899,925]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref145069" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513 [text only: plates missing]. Plates available from http: // www. 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 67 / htm / doc. html [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="url" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FF4AFC2DCD34FC56" box="[189,547,965,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFC2DCD34FC56" ID-CoL="7NHKX" authority="Stebbing, 1888: 949" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityPageNumber="949" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,547,965,991]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eusiridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Eusiridae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEC4FC2DCD34FC56" author="Stebbing" box="[307,547,965,991]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref145069" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513 [text only: plates missing]. Plates available from http: // www. 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 67 / htm / doc. html [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="url" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888: 949</bibRefCitation>
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, 953; elevated to the rank of superfamily by
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FBC7FC2DCBEDFC56" author="Bousfield" box="[1072,1274,965,991]" firstAuthor="Bousfield" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="343 - 390" refId="ref133219" refString="Bousfield E. L. 1979. A revised classification and phylogeny of amphipod crustaceans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 4 16: 343 - 390." type="journal article" year="1979">Bousfield (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FF4AFC00CD59FB8B" box="[189,590,1000,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFC00CD59FB8B" ID-CoL="7NG8C" authority="G. O. Sars, 1893: 431" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityPageNumber="431" authorityYear="1893" box="[189,590,1000,1026]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1893: 431</taxonomicName>
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; elevated to the rank of superfamily by
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FBD6FC01CA2EFB8B" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[1057,1337,1000,1027]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6877FF4AFBC2CDAEFB27" blockId="8.[189,1399,1066,1305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E2E311A3FF8E6877FF4AFBC2CDAEFB27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFBC2CE3BFBCD" ID-CoL="7NHKX" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,300,1066,1092]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eusiridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eusiridae</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FEBDFBC2CD22FBCD" box="[330,565,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEBDFBC2CD22FBCD" author="Stebbing" box="[330,565,1066,1092]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 806" refId="ref145232" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1906. Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich 21: 1 - 806. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1224" type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing 1906: 338</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FD6EFBC2CC4DFBCC" author="Barnard" box="[665,858,1066,1093]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 535" refId="ref131685" refString="Barnard J. L. 1969. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda. United States National Museum Bulletin 271: i-vi, 1 - 535. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 32379802 [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="journal article" year="1969">
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FD6EFBC2CC28FBCD" box="[665,831,1066,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Barnard 1969</treatmentCitation>
: 5
</bibRefCitation>
, 27, 33, 34, 46, 47, 82, 83, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 106, 109, 114, 159, 164, 167, 171, 172, 213, 233, 291, 389, 392, 393, 421, 457, 476, 478, 481. — J.L.
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FEE8FB99CD93FB02" box="[287,644,1137,1163]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEE8FB99CD93FB02" author="Barnard &amp; Karaman" box="[287,644,1137,1163]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 866" refId="ref131847" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Karaman G. S. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except gammaroids). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13, Parts 1 and 2: 1 - 866. Part 1: https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91" type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman 1991: 19</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 20, 21, 55, 58, 68, 69, 80, 82, 84, 91, 114, 117, 131, 132, 284, 378, 379, 391, 405, 413, 569, 644, 702.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6877FF4AFB50CC4BFB7C" blockId="8.[189,1399,1066,1305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E2E311A3FF8E6877FF4AFB50CC4BFB7C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFB50CE2DFB5B" ID-CoL="7NGMN" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,314,1208,1234]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">Eusiroidea</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FEABFB50CD45FB5B" box="[348,594,1208,1234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEABFB50CD45FB5B" author="Bousfield" box="[348,594,1208,1234]" firstAuthor="Bousfield" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="343 - 390" refId="ref133219" refString="Bousfield E. L. 1979. A revised classification and phylogeny of amphipod crustaceans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 4 16: 343 - 390." type="journal article" year="1979">Bousfield 1979: 349</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 363;
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FD6AFB50CC0DFB5B" box="[669,794,1208,1234]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FD6AFB50CC0DFB5B" author="Bousfield" box="[669,794,1208,1234]" firstAuthor="Bousfield" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="254 - 294" refId="ref133251" refString="Bousfield E. L. 1982. Amphipoda. In: Parker S. P. (ed.) Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Volume 2: 254 - 294. McGeaw-Hill Book Company, New York." type="journal article" year="1982">1982: 263</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FCB9FB50CBDBFB5B" box="[846,1228,1208,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FCB9FB50CBDBFB5B" author="Bousfield &amp; Hendrycks" box="[846,1228,1208,1235]" firstAuthor="Bousfield" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 59" refId="ref133292" refString="Bousfield E. L. &amp; Hendrycks E. A. 1995. The amphipod superfamily Eusiroidea in the North American Pacific Region. 1. Family Eusiridae: systematics and distributional ecology. Amphipacifica 1 (4): 3 - 59." type="journal article" year="1995">Bousfield &amp; Hendrycks 1995: 4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(ubi syn.). —
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FF1DFB33CD0BFB7C" box="[234,540,1243,1269]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FF1DFB33CD0BFB7C" author="Verheye" box="[234,540,1243,1269]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Verheye" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="300 - 321" refId="ref146264" refString="Verheye M., Martin P., Backeljau T. &amp; d'Udekem d'Acoz C. 2016 b. DNA sequence data suggests abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Zoologica Scripta 45 (3): 300 - 321, supplements S 1 - S 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12153" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Verheye
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FEA5FB34CE9AFB7C" box="[338,397,1243,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2016b: 314
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, appendices S1, S2 and S3.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6877FF4AFB17CC03FA90" blockId="8.[189,1399,1066,1305]" box="[189,788,1279,1305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E2E311A3FF8E6877FF4AFB17CC03FA90" box="[189,788,1279,1305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFB17CE4CFA90" ID-CoL="7NGJF" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1895" box="[189,347,1279,1305]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Calliopioidea">Calliopioidea</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="4352109CFF8E6877FE8FFB17CDB1FA90" box="[376,678,1279,1305]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FE8FFB17CDB1FA90" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[376,678,1279,1305]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers 2013: 38</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AE96506FF8E6876FF4AFAA8CDFEFA31" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6877FF4AFAA8CE4AFAD3" blockId="8.[189,349,1344,1370]" box="[189,349,1344,1370]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="990481E1FF8E6877FF4AFAA8CE4AFAD3" bold="true" box="[189,349,1344,1370]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FF4AFAA8CE4AFAD3" bold="true" box="[189,349,1344,1370]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Composition</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6877FF4AFA87CB7CF965" blockId="8.[189,1399,1391,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The study of
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEAFFA87CD49FA03" author="Verheye" box="[344,606,1391,1418]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Verheye" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="300 - 321" refId="ref146264" refString="Verheye M., Martin P., Backeljau T. &amp; d'Udekem d'Acoz C. 2016 b. DNA sequence data suggests abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Zoologica Scripta 45 (3): 300 - 321, supplements S 1 - S 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12153" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Verheye
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FE48FA98CEEDFA00" box="[447,506,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
indicates that the superfamily
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FC31FA87CBEAFA00" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[966,1277,1391,1417]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">
Eusiroidea
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FBBCFA87CBEAFA00" author="Stebbing" box="[1099,1277,1391,1417]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref145069" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513 [text only: plates missing]. Plates available from http: // www. 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 67 / htm / doc. html [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="url" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a larger taxon than previously admitted. In their appendix S2, these authors include the following families in
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFA5ECE28FA59" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,319,1462,1488]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">Eusiroidea</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FEBDFA5ECC0DFA59" authority="Stebbing, 1906" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[330,794,1462,1488]" class="Malacostraca" family="Acanthonotozomatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Acanthonotozomatidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FD94FA5ECC0DFA59" author="Stebbing" box="[611,794,1462,1488]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 806" refId="ref145232" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1906. Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich 21: 1 - 806. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1224" type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FCD0FA5ECFECFA7D" authority="Coleman &amp; J. L. Barnard, 1991" authorityName="Coleman &amp; J. L. Barnard" authorityYear="1991" class="Malacostraca" family="Acanthonotozomellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Acanthonotozomellidae Coleman &amp; J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FAE6FA5ECFECFA7D" author="Barnard" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 866" refId="ref131847" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Karaman G. S. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except gammaroids). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13, Parts 1 and 2: 1 - 866. Part 1: https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91" type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FEF1FA32CD49FA7D" authority="Pirlot, 1934" authorityName="Pirlot" authorityYear="1934" box="[262,606,1498,1524]" class="Malacostraca" family="Amathillopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Amathillopsidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FE27FA32CD49FA7D" author="Pirlot" box="[464,606,1498,1524]" firstAuthor="Pirlot" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="167 - 235" refId="ref143448" refString="Pirlot J. M. 1934. Les amphipodes de l'expedition du Siboga. Deuxieme partie. Les amphipodes gammarides II. - Les amphipodes de la mer profonde. 2. Hyperopsidae, Pardaliscidae, Astyridae nov. fam., Tironidae, Calliopiidae, Paramphithoidae, Amathillopsidae nov. fam., Eusiridae, Gammaridae, Aoridae, Photidae, Ampithoidae, Jassidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch Gebied 33 (d): i-vii, 167 - 235." type="journal article" year="1934">Pirlot, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FD9CFA32CC98FA7D" authority="Stebbing, 1906" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[619,911,1498,1524]" class="Malacostraca" family="Bateidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Bateidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FD2DFA32CC98FA7D" author="Stebbing" box="[730,911,1498,1524]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 806" refId="ref145232" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1906. Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich 21: 1 - 806. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1224" type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FC6BFA32CBE6FA7D" authority="G. O. Sars, 1893" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1893" box="[924,1265,1498,1524]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae G.O. Sars, 1893</taxonomicName>
(excluding
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AFA15CECDF99E" authority="Boeck, 1871" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[189,474,1533,1559]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Cleippides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FF4AFA15CE2DF99E" box="[189,314,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cleippides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEB3FA15CECDF99E" author="Boeck" box="[324,474,1533,1559]" firstAuthor="Boeck" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="83 - 280" refId="ref133136" refString="Boeck A. 1871. Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana for 1870: 83 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2056" type="journal article" year="1871">Boeck, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FDE0FA15CC7DF99E" authority="Stuxberg, 1880" authorityName="Stuxberg" authorityYear="1880" box="[535,874,1533,1559]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Weyprechtia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FDE0FA15CDB0F99E" box="[535,679,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Weyprechtia</emphasis>
Stuxberg, 1880
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FC76FA15CA65F99E" authority="Coleman &amp; J. L. Barnard, 1991" authorityName="Coleman &amp; J. L. Barnard" authorityYear="1991" box="[897,1394,1533,1560]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dikwidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Dikwidae Coleman &amp; J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FB32FA15CA65F99E" author="Barnard" box="[1221,1394,1533,1559]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 866" refId="ref131847" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Karaman G. S. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except gammaroids). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13, Parts 1 and 2: 1 - 866. Part 1: https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91" type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AF9C9CEEDF9B2" authority="Boeck, 1871" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[189,506,1569,1595]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epimeriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Epimeriidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEACF9C9CEEDF9B2" author="Boeck" box="[347,506,1569,1595]" firstAuthor="Boeck" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="83 - 280" refId="ref133136" refString="Boeck A. 1871. Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana for 1870: 83 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2056" type="journal article" year="1871">Boeck, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FDFAF9C9CC50F9B2" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[525,839,1569,1595]" class="Malacostraca" family="Eusiridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Eusiridae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FD7CF9C9CC50F9B2" author="Stebbing" box="[651,839,1569,1595]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref145069" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513 [text only: plates missing]. Plates available from http: // www. 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 67 / htm / doc. html [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="url" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FCADF9C9CBB4F9B2" authority="Boeck, 1871" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[858,1187,1569,1595]" class="Malacostraca" family="Iphimediidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Iphimediidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FBF3F9C9CBB4F9B2" author="Boeck" box="[1028,1187,1569,1595]" firstAuthor="Boeck" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="83 - 280" refId="ref133136" refString="Boeck A. 1871. Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana for 1870: 83 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2056" type="journal article" year="1871">Boeck, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FB41F9C9CE6CF9D7" authority="Stebbing, 1899" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1899" class="Malacostraca" family="Laphystiopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laphystiopsidae Stebbing, 1899</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FE67F9ACCDC8F9D7" authority="Buchholz, 1874" authorityName="Buchholz" authorityYear="1874" box="[400,735,1604,1630]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pleustidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Pleustidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FDEEF9ACCDC8F9D7" author="Buchholz" box="[537,735,1604,1630]" firstAuthor="Buchholz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref133888" refString="Buchholz R. 1874. Crustaceen. Die zweite Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt in den Jahren 1869 und 1870 unter Fuhrung des Kapitan Karl Koldewey. Zweiter Band. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse: 262 - 399, pls 1 - 15. F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13241" type="book" year="1874">Buchholz, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FD03F9ACCB61F9D7" authority="Stebbing, 1906" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[756,1142,1604,1630]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pontogeneiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Pontogeneiidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FC4EF9ACCB61F9D7" author="Stebbing" box="[953,1142,1604,1630]" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 806" refId="ref145232" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1906. Amphipoda. I. Gammaridea. Das Tierreich 21: 1 - 806. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1224" type="journal article" year="1906">Stebbing, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FB7CF9ACCFECF90B" authority="Lowry, 2006" authorityName="Lowry" authorityYear="2006" class="Malacostraca" family="Sanchoidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sanchoidae Lowry, 2006</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FEF8F980CD40F90B" authority="Holmes, 1908" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="1908" box="[271,599,1640,1666]" class="Malacostraca" family="Stilipedidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Stilipedidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FE5DF980CD40F90B" author="Holmes" box="[426,599,1640,1666]" firstAuthor="Holmes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="489 - 543" refId="ref139841" refString="Holmes S. J. 1908. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; off the west coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with the descriptions of a new family and several new genera and species. Proceedings of The United States National Museum 35: 489 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.35 - 1654.489" type="journal article" year="1908">Holmes, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(including the subfamilies
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FC42F980CFEDF92C" authority="Holman &amp; Watling, 1983" authorityName="Holman &amp; Watling" authorityYear="1983" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Alexandrellinae">
Alexandrellinae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FB77F980CFEDF92C" author="Holman &amp; Watling" firstAuthor="Holman" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="29 - 53" refId="ref139761" refString="Holman H. &amp; Watling L. 1983. A revision of the Stilipedidae (Amphipoda). Crustaceana 44 (1): 29 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854083 x 00037" type="journal article" year="1983">Holman &amp; Watling, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FEF1F963CD1BF92C" authority="Pirlot, 1934" authorityName="Pirlot" authorityYear="1934" box="[262,524,1675,1701]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Astyrinae">
Astyrinae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FE77F963CD1BF92C" author="Pirlot" box="[384,524,1675,1701]" firstAuthor="Pirlot" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="167 - 235" refId="ref143448" refString="Pirlot J. M. 1934. Les amphipodes de l'expedition du Siboga. Deuxieme partie. Les amphipodes gammarides II. - Les amphipodes de la mer profonde. 2. Hyperopsidae, Pardaliscidae, Astyridae nov. fam., Tironidae, Calliopiidae, Paramphithoidae, Amathillopsidae nov. fam., Eusiridae, Gammaridae, Aoridae, Photidae, Ampithoidae, Jassidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Uitkomsten op Zoologisch, Botanisch, Oceanographisch en Geologisch Gebied 33 (d): i-vii, 167 - 235." type="journal article" year="1934">Pirlot, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FDB0F963CC92F92C" authority="Holmes, 1908" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="1908" box="[583,901,1675,1701]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stilipedinae">
Stilipedinae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FD2CF963CC92F92C" author="Holmes" box="[731,901,1675,1701]" firstAuthor="Holmes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="489 - 543" refId="ref139841" refString="Holmes S. J. 1908. The Amphipoda collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; off the west coast of North America, in 1903 and 1904, with the descriptions of a new family and several new genera and species. Proceedings of The United States National Museum 35: 489 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.35 - 1654.489" type="journal article" year="1908">Holmes, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FC6DF963CA65F92C" authority="Lowry &amp; Zeidler, 2008" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Zeidler" authorityYear="2008" box="[922,1394,1675,1702]" class="Malacostraca" family="Thurstonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thurstonellidae Lowry &amp; Zeidler, 2008</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AF947CEC5F940" authority="Just, 1990" authorityName="Just" authorityYear="1990" box="[189,466,1711,1737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Vicmusiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Vicmusiidae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FEA0F947CEC5F940" author="Just" box="[343,466,1711,1737]" firstAuthor="Just" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="925 - 940" refId="ref140551" refString="Just J. 1990. Vicmusia duplocoxa, gen. et sp. nov., (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) of the new family Vicmusiidae from Australian upper bathyal waters. Invertebrate Taxonomy 3 (7): 925 - 940. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9890925" type="journal article" year="1990">Just, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and the orphan genera
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FD1DF947CB4FF940" authority="J. L. Barnard, 1989" authorityName="J. L. Barnard" authorityYear="1989" box="[746,1112,1711,1737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammarellidae" genus="Austroregia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FD1DF947CC63F940" box="[746,884,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Austroregia</emphasis>
J.L. Barnard, 1989
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FB66F947CFEDF965" authority="Stebbing, 1888" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" class="Malacostraca" family="Sanchoidae" genus="Chosroes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FB66F947CBE8F940" box="[1169,1279,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chosroes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FAF0F947CFEDF965" author="Stebbing" firstAuthor="Stebbing" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref145069" refString="Stebbing T. R. R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513 [text only: plates missing]. Plates available from http: // www. 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 67 / htm / doc. html [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="url" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which were formerly included within the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FD1AF93ACB70F965" authority="Bousfield, 1977" authorityName="Bousfield" authorityYear="1977" box="[749,1127,1746,1772]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gammarellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gammarellidae Bousfield, 1977</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6877FF4AF8FCCE38F8A7" blockId="8.[189,303,1812,1838]" box="[189,303,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="990481E1FF8E6877FF4AF8FCCE38F8A7" bold="true" box="[189,303,1812,1838]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FF4AF8FCCE38F8A7" bold="true" box="[189,303,1812,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C24C368DFF8E6876FF4AF8ABCDFEFA31" blockId="8.[189,1399,1859,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,1464]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The concept of
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FE8FF8ABCC34F8D4" authority="Lowry &amp; Myers, 2013" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[376,803,1859,1885]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">
Senticaudata
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FDE0F8ABCC34F8D4" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[535,803,1859,1885]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FC31F8ABCBC9F8D4" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[966,1246,1859,1885]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and adopted in major databases like the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, http://www.marinespecies.org/ accessed on
<date id="B64D104DFF8E6877FEBCF862CEC0F82C" box="[331,471,1930,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2016-03-08">8 Mar. 2016</date>
) conflicts with that of
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FD23F862CC46F82D" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[724,849,1930,1956]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">Eusiroidea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FCA0F863CB88F82C" authority="Verheye et al. (2016 b)" authorityName="Verheye et al." authorityYear="2016" box="[855,1183,1930,1957]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epimeriidae" genus="Epimeriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FCA0F863CC8FF82D" box="[855,920,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FC6AF862CB88F82C" author="Verheye" box="[925,1183,1930,1957]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Verheye" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="300 - 321" refId="ref146264" refString="Verheye M., Martin P., Backeljau T. &amp; d'Udekem d'Acoz C. 2016 b. DNA sequence data suggests abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Zoologica Scripta 45 (3): 300 - 321, supplements S 1 - S 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12153" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Verheye
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8E6877FBF5F863CB2DF82D" box="[1026,1082,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.A brief discussion on the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FEFAF845CEB4F84E" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[269,419,1965,1991]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
issue has therefore to be given herein.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8E6877FC9AF846CB96F84E" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[877,1153,1965,1992]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
erected the suborder
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8E6877FF4AF839CE44F862" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[189,339,2001,2027]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
for amphipods presenting a cluster of spines on the tip of the rami of uropods 1 and 2, postulating that this character state is a synapomorphy. Surprisingly,
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FC2CFEE4CBFBFEAC" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[987,1260,267,294]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
overlooked some ‘senticaudate’ taxa, e.g., Idunellinae
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FD5DFEC7CCD9FEC0" author="d'Udekem d'Acoz" box="[682,974,303,329]" firstAuthor="d'Udekem d'Acoz" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref137049" refString="d'Udekem d'Acoz C. 2010. Contribution to the knowledge of European Liljeborgiidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with considerations on the family and its affinities. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des" type="book" year="2010">d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FC2FFEC7CB43FEC0" authorityName="Buchholz" authorityYear="1874" box="[984,1108,303,329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pleustidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleustidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FBA9FEC7CA66FEC0" authority="Walker, 1891" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1891" box="[1118,1393,303,329]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Apherusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FBA9FEC7CBD9FEC0" box="[1118,1230,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apherusa</emphasis>
Walker, 1891
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FF4AFEBACEC3FEE5" authority="Boeck, 1871" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[189,468,338,364]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Halirages" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FF4AFEBACE25FEE5" box="[189,306,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Halirages</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FECAFEBACEC3FEE5" author="Boeck" box="[317,468,338,364]" firstAuthor="Boeck" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="83 - 280" refId="ref133136" refString="Boeck A. 1871. Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana for 1870: 83 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2056" type="journal article" year="1871">Boeck, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FDE4FEBACC91FEE4" authority="Bruzelius, 1859" authorityName="Bruzelius" authorityYear="1859" box="[531,902,338,365]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epimeriidae" genus="Paramphithoe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FDE4FEBACDACFEE5" box="[531,699,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paramphithoe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FD32FEBACC91FEE4" author="Bruzelius" box="[709,902,338,365]" firstAuthor="Bruzelius" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref133834" refString="Bruzelius R. M. 1859. Bidrag till kannedomen om Skandinaviens Amphipoda Gammaridea. Konglinga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Ny Fjold [new series] 3 (1): 1 - 104, pls 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6480" type="journal article" year="1859">Bruzelius, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Most senticaudate families traditionally included in the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FE80FE9ECEE3FE19" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[375,500,374,400]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">Eusiroidea</taxonomicName>
(the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FDC4FE9ECDD5FE19" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1893" box="[563,706,374,400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FD09FE9ECCA2FE18" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[766,949,374,401]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pontogeneiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pontogeneiidae</taxonomicName>
) were transferred by
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FB42FE9ECE1CFE3A" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
to the superfamily
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FE03FE71CC4EFE3D" authority="G. O. Sars, 1895" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1895" box="[500,857,409,436]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Calliopioidea">Calliopioidea G.O. Sars, 1895</taxonomicName>
[sic] (real date of publication: 1893), i.e., the family
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FEE6FE55CEB7FE5E" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1893" box="[273,416,445,471]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae</taxonomicName>
elevated to the rank of superfamily. The remaining eusiroid families were excluded from the suborder
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FE5AFE08CD50FE73" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[429,583,480,506]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
. Myers &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FD2FFE09CC94FE73" author="Lowry" box="[728,899,480,507]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry (2013)</bibRefCitation>
also transferred the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FB66FE08CA29FE73" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="2006" box="[1169,1342,480,506]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cheirocratidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cheirocratidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FF4AFDEBCE47FD94" authorityName="dAcoz" authorityYear="2010" box="[189,336,515,541]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hornelliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hornelliidae</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FE53FDEBCD52FD94" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1895" box="[420,581,515,541]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Calliopioidea">Calliopioidea</taxonomicName>
, because the two latter families formed a clade with the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FB10FDEBCA61FD94" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1893" box="[1255,1398,515,541]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FF19FDCFCEB4FDC8" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[238,419,551,577]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pontogeneiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pontogeneiidae</taxonomicName>
in their morphological phylogenetic tree based on the analysis of 41 characters. The molecular phylogenetic analyses of
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FDACFDA2CC48FDEC" author="Verheye" box="[603,863,586,613]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Verheye" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="300 - 321" refId="ref146264" refString="Verheye M., Martin P., Backeljau T. &amp; d'Udekem d'Acoz C. 2016 b. DNA sequence data suggests abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Zoologica Scripta 45 (3): 300 - 321, supplements S 1 - S 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12153" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Verheye
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FD36FDA3CDE4FDED" box="[705,755,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
. (2016b)
</bibRefCitation>
, which focused on eusiroids, but also included a representative sample of other amphipods, did not support the validity of the suborder
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FB2EFD86CA64FD01" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[1241,1395,622,648]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
. Indeed, senticaudate taxa do not form a clade, suggesting that the distal ornamentation of uropods would be subject to homoplasy, as it is the case for many other characters in amphipods (e.g., J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FB0EFD5DCEBCFD7A" author="Barnard &amp; Drummond" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 551" refId="ref131734" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Drummond M. M. 1978. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, part III: the Phoxocephalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 245: i-viii, 1 - 551. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.103" type="journal article" year="1978">Barnard &amp; Drummond 1978: 7</bibRefCitation>
, 193; J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FDDBFD30CC81FD7B" author="Barnard &amp; Karaman" box="[556,918,728,755]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="45 - 61" refId="ref131782" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Karaman G. S. 1984. Australia as a major evolutionary centre for Amphipoda (Crustacea). Australian Museum Memoir 18: 45 - 61. Available from: http: // australianmuseum. net. au / uploads / journals / 17624 / 371 _ complete. pdf [accessed 27 Sep. 2016]." type="journal article" year="1984">Barnard &amp; Karaman 1984: 48</bibRefCitation>
; J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FC2DFD30CA55FD7B" author="Barnard &amp; Karaman" box="[986,1346,728,755]" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 866" refId="ref131847" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Karaman G. S. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except gammaroids). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13, Parts 1 and 2: 1 - 866. Part 1: https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91" type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman 1991: 13</bibRefCitation>
, 58;
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FF4AFD14CEA7FC9E" author="Verheye" box="[189,432,764,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Verheye" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="300 - 321" refId="ref146264" refString="Verheye M., Martin P., Backeljau T. &amp; d'Udekem d'Acoz C. 2016 b. DNA sequence data suggests abundant homoplasy in taxonomically important morphological characters of Eusiroidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Zoologica Scripta 45 (3): 300 - 321, supplements S 1 - S 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12153" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
Verheye
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FED4FD15CE4BFC9F" box="[291,348,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
2016b
</bibRefCitation>
). In the 28S and 18S rDNA trees,
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FCC3FD14CCA6FC9F" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[820,945,764,790]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">Eusiroidea</taxonomicName>
comprises senticaudate as well as nonsenticaudate taxa, and the families
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FDA4FCF7CDF5FCB0" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1893" box="[595,738,799,825]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae</taxonomicName>
(excluding
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FC9AFCF7CCFDFCB0" authorityName="Boeck" authorityYear="1871" box="[877,1002,799,825]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" genus="Cleippides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FC9AFCF7CCFDFCB0" box="[877,1002,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cleippides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FBDBFCF7CBF6FCB0" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[1068,1249,799,825]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pontogeneiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pontogeneiidae</taxonomicName>
are included in the superfamily, as it was the case in former classifications (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FC2FFCABCB9AFCD4" author="Bousfield" box="[984,1165,835,861]" firstAuthor="Bousfield" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="343 - 390" refId="ref133219" refString="Bousfield E. L. 1979. A revised classification and phylogeny of amphipod crustaceans. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 4 16: 343 - 390." type="journal article" year="1979">Bousfield 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FB6DFCABCBCFFCD4" author="Bousfield" box="[1178,1240,835,861]" firstAuthor="Bousfield" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="254 - 294" refId="ref133251" refString="Bousfield E. L. 1982. Amphipoda. In: Parker S. P. (ed.) Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Volume 2: 254 - 294. McGeaw-Hill Book Company, New York." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
; J.L.
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FAEFFCABCE81FC09" author="Barnard &amp; Karaman" firstAuthor="Barnard" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 866" refId="ref131847" refString="Barnard J. L. &amp; Karaman G. S. 1991. The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except gammaroids). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 13, Parts 1 and 2: 1 - 866. Part 1: https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0812 - 7387.13.1991.91" type="journal article" year="1991">Barnard &amp; Karaman 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The suborder
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FDAEFC8ECDF8FC09" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[601,751,870,896]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
was erected on the assumption that the senticaudate character state is a synapomorphy. However, the morphological phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FB4CFC62CA46FC2D" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[1211,1361,906,932]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FF4AFC46CED8FC4E" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[189,463,941,968]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
does not test this hypothesis as it only includes senticaudate taxa. Moreover, the reliability of the nodes of
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FE18FC39CC13FC62" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[495,772,977,1003]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
is not assessed by any support values, e.g., bootstrap support or Bremer’s index. Additionally, it should be noted that the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FC0FFC1CCBB2FB87" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="2006" box="[1016,1189,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cheirocratidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cheirocratidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FB13FC1CCA60FB87" authorityName="dAcoz" authorityYear="2010" box="[1252,1399,1012,1038]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hornelliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hornelliidae</taxonomicName>
exhibit several important non-eusiroid character states. For example, they have a well developed accessory flagellum on antenna 1 as well as dorsal spines/setae on the urosome, which is never the case in
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FF2DFBB6CE4CFBF1" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1888" box="[218,347,1118,1144]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Eusiroidea">Eusiroidea</taxonomicName>
. Their position close to the
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FD6EFBB6CC3FFBF1" authorityName="G. O. Sars" authorityYear="1893" box="[665,808,1118,1144]" class="Malacostraca" family="Calliopiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliopiidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FC97FBB6CB02FBF1" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1906" box="[864,1045,1118,1144]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pontogeneiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pontogeneiidae</taxonomicName>
on the tree of
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FB4DFBB7CE1CFB15" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
might reflect poorly supported topologies and/or a subjective choice of characters used in their analysis.A direct observation of specimens indicates that the senticaudate and non-senticaudate character states are not always clear-cut and transitional dispositions are observed among dissimilar amphipods, suggesting multiple passages between the sentidaudate and non-sentidaudate character states. Finally, the polarity of the transition proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="A6624B7CFF8F6876FD4EFAF8CCCCFAA3" author="Lowry &amp; Myers" box="[697,987,1296,1322]" firstAuthor="Lowry" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref142703" refString="Lowry J. K. &amp; Myers A. A. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610 (1): 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3610.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Lowry &amp; Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: non senticaudate (plesiomorphic) to senticaudate (apomorphic) is another untested question. In conclusion, before its wide acceptance, the new classification system of amphipods based on the suborder
<taxonomicName id="05F34D0EFF8F6876FC10FABFCB6AFAF8" authorityName="Lowry &amp; Myers" authorityYear="2013" box="[999,1149,1367,1393]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Senticaudata">Senticaudata</taxonomicName>
should be evaluated by a combination of molecular and morphological investigations, without
<emphasis id="F087EA9FFF8F6876FBCBFA93CB8EFA1D" box="[1084,1177,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a priori</emphasis>
assuming that the senticaudate character state is a synapomorphy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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