319 lines
30 KiB
XML
319 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34387" ID-GBIF-Dataset="335642aa-4185-4c7c-ac53-bb8015e73032" ID-PMC="PMC6629715" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-861-81" ID-PubMed="31333326" ID-ZooBank="C2E64AA3721B4648ABF28EC5B4B9E14C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-861-81" checkinTime="1565091092149" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liang, Jia-Yuan & Hsu, Yu-Feng" docDate="2019" docId="37CCAB5976D5B3FEF32482ED02985A95" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 861: 81-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 861" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34387" docTitle="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis Liang & Hsu, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FA037243-D2EE-4094-98AB-03EC7A78EA9A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="265EFFB7516B711BEE2FFFE6FFE0E412" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the tribe Synanthedonini (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae), with new hostplant associations from Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668167523623" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of the tribe Synanthedonini (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae), with new hostplant associations from Taiwan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liang, Jia-Yuan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hsu, Yu-Feng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>861</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34387</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.34387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-861-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C2E64AA3721B4648ABF28EC5B4B9E14C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158578399" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA037243-D2EE-4094-98AB-03EC7A78EA9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/37CCAB5976D5B3FEF32482ED02985A95" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName LSID="37CCAB5976D5B3FEF32482ED02985A95" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">Synanthedon auritinctaoidis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="82">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Synanthedonini adults 1, 2 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis sp. nov. 1 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Hualien (NHMUK). 2 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Hualien (NTNU). 3, 4 Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. 3 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Nantou (NHMUK) 4 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Nantou (NTNU). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315243" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Synanthedonini adults 1, 2 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis sp. nov. 1 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Hualien (NHMUK). 2 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Hualien (NTNU). 3, 4 Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. 3 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Nantou (NHMUK) 4 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Nantou (NTNU). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315243" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male genitalia of Synanthedonini. 5 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis sp. nov. paratype (NTNU) 5 a distal part of phallus. 6 Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. holotype (NHMUK) 6 a distal part of phallus. Scale bars: 1 mm; 0.1 mm (5 a, 6 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315244" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Female genitalia of Synanthedonini. 7 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis Liang & Hsu, sp. nov. paratype (NTNU) 7 a antrum. 8 Paranthrenella helvola Liang & Hsu, sp. nov. paratype (NTNU) 8 a antrum. Scale bars: 1 mm; 0.1 mm (7 a, 8 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315245" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. Biology. 9 Galls induced by infection of a Synanthedon auritinctaoidis. Caterpillar on burls of Helicia formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 10 galls induced by infection of a S. auritinctaoidis caterpillar on burls of Prunus campanulata (New Taipei City, Shenkeng District, Houshanyue) 11 caterpillar of S. auritinctaoidis sp. nov. in burls of H. formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 12 female adult of Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. ovipositing on bark of Cinnamomum camphora (Taoyuan City, Fuxing District, Lian)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315246" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">9-11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Holotype: ♂, HUALIEN: Ruisui, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area, 410 m, 18 Feb 2018, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Helicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helicia formosana" order="Proteales" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Helicia formosana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emg. 8 Mar 2014, J.Y. Liang Coll. (NHMUK). Paratypes: 5♀, same locality and date as holotype, emg. 12−24 Mar 2014, J.Y. Liang Coll. (1♀ Gen. Prep. JYL-303) (NTNU); 1♀, same locality, 6 Feb 2016, reared from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="H. formosana" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="formosana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">H. formosana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emg. 11 Mar 2016, HSUM 16B82M, J.Y. Liang Coll. (NTNU); 1♂, 4♀, NEW TAIPEI CITY: Shenkeng, Houshanyue, 470 m, 16 Nov 2014, reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus campanulata" order="Rosales" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Prunus campanulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emg. 27 Dec 2014−4 Jan 2015, HSUM 14L07M, J.Y. Liang Coll. (1♂ Gen. Prep. JYL-302) (2♀ Gen. Prep. JYL-271 and JYL-306) (NTNU).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Male (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Synanthedonini adults 1, 2 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis sp. nov. 1 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Hualien (NHMUK). 2 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Hualien (NTNU). 3, 4 Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. 3 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Nantou (NHMUK) 4 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Nantou (NTNU). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315243" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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): Antenna length 6.9−7.8 mm (n = 2); forewing length 8.4 −9.2 mm (n = 2); body length 10.7−12.1 mm (n = 2). Head: antenna black with blue-violet sheen; frons white; labial palpus black, yellow ventrally; vertex black with purplish sheen; pericephalic scales yellow with a few black scales dorsally. Thorax: patagia black with violet sheen; tegula black, bronzed-blue sheen with a yellow dorsal line; mesothorax black with blue sheen; metathorax yellow; thorax laterally yellow with a few black scales. Legs: fore coxa externally black, internally yellow; fore femur black, with violet sheen; fore tibia dark brown to black, with admixture of yellow scales distally; fore tarsus dorsally dark brown to black, ventrally entirely yellow; mid coxa and femur black, with violet sheen; mid tibia dark brown to black, base-ventrally with a large yellow spot, base of spurs yellow; spurs yellow with black distally; mid tarsus dorsally dark brown to black, with admixture of yellow scales distally, ventrally yellow; hind leg similar. Abdomen: black with blue sheen; tergites 2 and 6 with a narrow yellow stripe distally; tergite 4 with a broad yellow stripe; abdominal tuft black with bronzed-blue sheen, lateral margins with some yellow-orange scales. Forewing: basally black; costal margin dark brown to black; discal spot and veins within exterior transparent area dark brown to black; apical area dark brown with admixture of brown scales; discal spot broad; exterior transparent area large divided into four cells, level to M2 about 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×as">xas</normalizedToken>
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broad as discal spot and 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as broad as apical area; posterior transparent area reaching discal spot; cilia dark brown. Hindwing: transparent; veins, discal spot and outer margin dark brown to black with bronzed sheen; discal spot small, cuneiform, reaching to vein M2; cilia dark brown, pale yellow anally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315243" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" start="Figures 1–4" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Figures 1-4.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="tribe" tribe="Synanthedonini">Synanthedonini</taxonomicName>
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adults
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">1, 2</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Synanthedon auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">1</emphasis>
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♂, holotype, Taiwan: Hualien (NHMUK).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">2</emphasis>
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♀, paratype, Taiwan: Hualien (NTNU).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">3, 4</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Paranthrenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranthrenella helvola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Paranthrenella helvola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">3</emphasis>
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♂, holotype, Taiwan: Nantou (NHMUK)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">4</emphasis>
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♀, paratype, Taiwan: Nantou (NTNU). Scale bar: 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Female (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Synanthedonini adults 1, 2 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis sp. nov. 1 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Hualien (NHMUK). 2 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Hualien (NTNU). 3, 4 Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. 3 ♂, holotype, Taiwan: Nantou (NHMUK) 4 ♀, paratype, Taiwan: Nantou (NTNU). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315243" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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): Antenna length 5.1−6.2mm (n = 9); forewing length 7.9−8.8 mm (n = 9); body length 8.5−10.8 mm (n = 9). Tergite 4 throughout yellow; anal tuft yellow laterally. Other characters identical to those of male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Male genitalia (Gen. Prep. JYL-302, NTNU,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5, 6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 5, 6. Male genitalia of Synanthedonini. 5 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis sp. nov. paratype (NTNU) 5 a distal part of phallus. 6 Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. holotype (NHMUK) 6 a distal part of phallus. Scale bars: 1 mm; 0.1 mm (5 a, 6 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315244" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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): Tegumen-uncus complex broad; socii well-developed with scopula androconialis, long, about as short as tegumen-uncus complex; uncus with a small narrow wing ventrally; crista gnathi medialis broad, with distal margin divided in two narrow wings; crista gnathi lateralis consisting of a rather broad, subcordiform, distal part and a narrow, crescent-shaped, proximal part; valva elongated, trapeziform, slightly turned down ventro-caudally; crista sacculi well-developed, large, divided into two pocket-shaped parts; dorsal part larger and armed at distal margin with strong, short, slightly bifurcate distally setae; ventral part of crista sacculi narrow, without setae; saccus rounded basally; phallus thin, about 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as short as valva; vesica without cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315244" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" start="Figures 5, 6" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Figures 5, 6. Male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" rank="tribe" tribe="Synanthedonini">Synanthedonini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">5</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Synanthedon auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. paratype (NTNU)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">5a</emphasis>
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distal part of phallus.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">6</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Paranthrenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranthrenella helvola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Paranthrenella helvola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. holotype (NHMUK)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">6a</emphasis>
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distal part of phallus. Scale bars: 1 mm; 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">5a, 6a</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">
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Female genitalia (Gen. Prep. JYL-306, NTNU,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Female genitalia of Synanthedonini. 7 Synanthedon auritinctaoidis Liang & Hsu, sp. nov. paratype (NTNU) 7 a antrum. 8 Paranthrenella helvola Liang & Hsu, sp. nov. paratype (NTNU) 8 a antrum. Scale bars: 1 mm; 0.1 mm (7 a, 8 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315245" pageId="1" pageNumber="82">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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): 8th tergite relatively large and broad with a few setae at distal margin; posterior apophysis long, about 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as anterior apophysis; ostium bursae opening near anterior margin of 8th sternite;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="83" start="start">antrum</pageBreakToken>
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broad ring, well-sclerotized; ductus bursae narrow, long, membranous; corpus bursae membranous, ovoid, without signum.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315245" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 7, 8" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
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Figures 7, 8. Female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="tribe" tribe="Synanthedonini">Synanthedonini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">7</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Synanthedon auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Liang & Hsu, sp. nov. paratype (NTNU)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">7a</emphasis>
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antrum.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">8</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Paranthrenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranthrenella helvola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Paranthrenella helvola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Liang & Hsu, sp. nov. paratype (NTNU)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">8a</emphasis>
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antrum. Scale bars: 1 mm; 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">7a, 8a</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Synanthedon auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Wileman & South, 1918) in markings of body and wing, but may be distinguished by the following genitalia characters: saccus base rounded in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritinctaoidis" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but emarginate in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; phallus without tooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritinctaoidis" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a small, strong tooth ventro distally; ostium bursae opening near anterior margin of 8th sternite in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritinctaoidis" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but middle of 8th sternite in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; antrum broad ring in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritinctaoidis" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but funnel-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
This species is named
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="auritinctaoidis" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an adjective formed by adding the suffix -oides to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">auritincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of its superficial resemblance with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritincta" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="auritincta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">S. auritincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wileman & South, 1918).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">
|
||
The larva bores into burls of 5−20 cm in diameter on the trunk or branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Helicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helicia formosana" order="Proteales" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Helicia formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hemsl. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Proteaceae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" rank="family">Proteaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. Biology. 9 Galls induced by infection of a Synanthedon auritinctaoidis. Caterpillar on burls of Helicia formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 10 galls induced by infection of a S. auritinctaoidis caterpillar on burls of Prunus campanulata (New Taipei City, Shenkeng District, Houshanyue) 11 caterpillar of S. auritinctaoidis sp. nov. in burls of H. formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 12 female adult of Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. ovipositing on bark of Cinnamomum camphora (Taoyuan City, Fuxing District, Lian)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315246" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. Biology. 9 Galls induced by infection of a Synanthedon auritinctaoidis. Caterpillar on burls of Helicia formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 10 galls induced by infection of a S. auritinctaoidis caterpillar on burls of Prunus campanulata (New Taipei City, Shenkeng District, Houshanyue) 11 caterpillar of S. auritinctaoidis sp. nov. in burls of H. formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 12 female adult of Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. ovipositing on bark of Cinnamomum camphora (Taoyuan City, Fuxing District, Lian)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315246" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">11</figureCitation>
|
||
) or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus campanulata" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="83">Prunus campanulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Maxim.)
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="84" start="start">Koidz</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. Biology. 9 Galls induced by infection of a Synanthedon auritinctaoidis. Caterpillar on burls of Helicia formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 10 galls induced by infection of a S. auritinctaoidis caterpillar on burls of Prunus campanulata (New Taipei City, Shenkeng District, Houshanyue) 11 caterpillar of S. auritinctaoidis sp. nov. in burls of H. formosana (Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area) 12 female adult of Paranthrenella helvola sp. nov. ovipositing on bark of Cinnamomum camphora (Taoyuan City, Fuxing District, Lian)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315246" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), and feeds on callus tissue around the hole, which is covered with silk, debris, and frass.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.861.34387.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/315246" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" start="Figures 9–12" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Figures 9-12. Biology.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">9</emphasis>
|
||
Galls induced by infection of a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synanthedon auritinctaoidis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Synanthedon auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Caterpillar on burls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Helicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helicia formosana" order="Proteales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Helicia formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">10</emphasis>
|
||
galls induced by infection of a
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritinctaoidis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">S. auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caterpillar on burls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus campanulata" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campanulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Prunus campanulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(New Taipei City, Shenkeng District, Houshanyue)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">11</emphasis>
|
||
caterpillar of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. auritinctaoidis" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="auritinctaoidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">S. auritinctaoidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in burls of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. formosana" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">H. formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hualien Prefecture, Ruisui Township, Fuyuan National Forest Recreation Area)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">12</emphasis>
|
||
female adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Paranthrenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paranthrenella helvola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Paranthrenella helvola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ovipositing on bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cinnamomum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnamomum camphora" order="Laurales" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camphora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Cinnamomum camphora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Taoyuan City, Fuxing District, Lian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Known only from Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |