194 lines
24 KiB
XML
194 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="463A70AE9B3B0AABBF257AF45EA451D2">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A796E8A7D3769BDA59BE91FF22ED56D6">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5ECB66005E1BE7CBB3612AFDEA48A80">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34F1E43C617C7D1AE14D2B12D44E3223">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D31238541AB0C9D2F4385238B3C99F10">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F404B762E821F7352C54A5E3013EEBD9">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B41FFF4FF56FADCFD50FE62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7640979" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290974" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7640979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B41FFF4FF56FADCFD50FE62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B41FFF4FF56FADCFD50FE62" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B41FFFBFF56FADCFD19FAF0" box="[151,743,1317,1344]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF56FADCFD19FAF0" blockId="87.[151,743,1317,1344]" box="[151,743,1317,1344]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B41FFFBFF56FADCFD19FAF0" bold="true" box="[151,743,1317,1344]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFF56FADCFD19FAF0" ID-CoL="39BQ6" authority="(Toeplitz in Kükenthal, 1919)" box="[151,743,1317,1344]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF56FADCFD19FAF0" bold="true" box="[151,743,1317,1344]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF56FADCFE8CFA8F" bold="true" box="[151,370,1317,1344]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ellisella filiformis</emphasis>
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(Toeplitz in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFDCEFADCFD21FAF0" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[527,735,1317,1343]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B41FFFBFF56FA93FC70F9C8" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF56FA93FCCBFA4D" blockId="87.[151,882,1386,1471]" box="[151,821,1386,1410]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B41FFFBFF56FA93FCCBFA4D" box="[151,821,1386,1410]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B41FFFBFF56FA93FD56FA4D" author="Wright E. & Studer, T." box="[151,680,1386,1410]" page="156" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1889">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFF56FA93FD56FA4D" authority="Wright & Studer, 1889: 156" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,680,1386,1410]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpirella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliforme">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF56FA93FE7BFA4D" box="[151,389,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Scirpirella moniliforme</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFE4AFA93FD56FA4D" author="Wright E. & Studer, T." box="[395,680,1386,1410]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref110920" refString="Wright E. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report of the Scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 31 (4), I - IXXII, 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 156</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 34, fig. 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF56FA71FD01FA6E" blockId="87.[151,882,1386,1471]" box="[151,767,1416,1441]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B41FFFBFF56FA71FD01FA6E" box="[151,767,1416,1441]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B41FFFBFF56FA71FD9FFA6F" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[151,609,1416,1441]" page="369" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFF56FA71FD9FFA6F" ID-CoL="8ZC35" authority="Simpson 1910: 368 - 369" authorityName="Simpson" authorityPageNumber="368 - 369" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,609,1416,1441]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliforme">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF56FA71FE9DFA6F" box="[151,355,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nicella moniliforme</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFEA8FA71FD9FFA6F" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[361,609,1416,1441]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson 1910: 368–369</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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figs. 117&118.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF56FA5EFC8CFA70" blockId="87.[151,882,1386,1471]" box="[151,882,1447,1471]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B41FFFBFF56FA5EFC8CFA70" box="[151,882,1447,1471]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFF56FA5EFDEBFA70" ID-CoL="8KPXP" authority="Toeplitz, MS. In" authorityName="Toeplitz, MS. In" box="[151,533,1447,1471]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF56FA5EFE9BFA70" box="[151,357,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Scirpearia filiformis</emphasis>
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Toeplitz, MS. In
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B41FFFBFDDFFA5EFD05FA70" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[542,763,1447,1471]" page="924" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1919">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFDDFFA5EFD05FA70" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[542,763,1447,1471]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia ", 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919: 924</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(nom nov).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF56FA14FC70F9C8" blockId="87.[151,910,1517,1544]" box="[151,910,1517,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B41FFF4FF56F9CCFD50FE62" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF56F9CCFED7F980" blockId="87.[151,1436,1589,1723]" box="[151,297,1589,1615]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF06F9A0FE92F974" blockId="87.[151,1436,1589,1723]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF06F9A0FC69F9BC" box="[199,919,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFC67F9A0FAE4F9BC" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[934,1306,1625,1651]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref108566" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 132 + xvi pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8279" type="book" year="1906">Thomson & Henderson 1906: 82</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFAE4F9A0FE9FF958" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George 1986: 111</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1u, 1–3, w (Kanyakumari);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFD13F984FC1DF958" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Lazarus, S." box="[722,995,1661,1688]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFCF2F987FC9AF958" box="[819,868,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995: 141
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</bibRefCitation>
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(NE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFBB3F987FA66F958" author="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S." box="[1138,1432,1661,1688]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="32 - 43" refId="ref104234" refString="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S. (2004) Gorgonids off the southwest Coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 46, 32 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Mary & Lazarus 2004: 42</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 26 (SW coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFFBFF06F913FC99F85B" blockId="87.[151,1436,1769,2012]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFF06F913FE61F8CC" box="[199,415,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: In 1889, Wright & Studer erected the name
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFC7CF910FB36F8CC" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[957,1224,1769,1795]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpirella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliforme">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFC7CF910FB36F8CC" box="[957,1224,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Scirpirella moniliforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for material from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B41FFFBFF56F8F4FF11F8E8" box="[151,239,1805,1831]" name="Indonesia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Ambon</collectingCountry>
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. In the manuscript for the 1929 paper “Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kap. 7. The Familie
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFB37F8F4FA67F8E8" box="[1270,1433,1805,1831]" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Gorgonellidae</taxonomicName>
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, zugleich eine Revision”, Toeplitz proposed the name be changed to—
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFC1DF8CBFB38F884" box="[988,1222,1841,1868]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFC1DF8CBFB38F884" box="[988,1222,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Scirpearia filiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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n.n.—assigning a different specific epithet because of the existence of
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFD1DF8AFFB55F8A0" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[732,1195,1877,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliformis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFD1DF8AFFC19F8A0" box="[732,999,1877,1904]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Scirpearia moniliformis</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFC35F8ACFB5CF8A0" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[1012,1186,1877,1903]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref103915" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome Second. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Kükenthal published the replacement name in 1919 citing Toeplitz’ MS as the source.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B41FFF4FF06F864FEF8FE8E" blockId="87.[151,1436,1769,2012]" lastBlockId="88.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFF06F864FDD3F878" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[199,557,1949,1975]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref108566" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1906) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. 1. The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 132 + xvi pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8279" type="book" year="1906">Thomson & Henderson (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the species from the Andamans as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFFBFBEBF864FAC3F878" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[1066,1341,1949,1975]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpirella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFFBFBEBF864FAC3F878" box="[1066,1341,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Scirpirella moniliforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without any illustrations and as such the record is unconfirmable.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B41FFFBFC8CF838FBF2F814" author="Simpson, J. J." box="[845,1036,1985,2011]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="247 - 386" refId="ref106823" refString="Simpson, J. J. (1910) A revision of the Gorgonellidae: 1, The Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royac Irish Academy, 28 B (7), 247 - 386." type="journal article" year="1910">Simpson (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reassigned the species as
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B41FFF4FA86F838FECEFF7E" italics="true" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B41FFF4FA86F838FED2FF7E" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moniliforma">Nicella moniliforma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
illustrated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B4EFFF4FE2BFF6EFDAFFF7E" box="[490,593,151,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and a few sclerites, and placed Thomson & Henderson’s material as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FE61FF42FC2FFF1A" authority="Wright & Studer, 1989" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1989" box="[416,977,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Scirpearella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FE61FF42FD59FF1A" box="[416,679,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Scirpearella profunda</emphasis>
|
||
Wright & Studer, 1989
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is not possible to determine what
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FF56FF26FE37FF36" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[151,457,223,249]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had as the sclerite drawings are rudimentary and do not look like they are from an ellisellid colony. Also, the polyps in their small colony illustration are very different from those illustrated by Simpson.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF06FEB2FD50FE62" blockId="88.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FF06FEB2FE16FEAA" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[199,488,331,357]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just listed the species, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FCD6FEB2FBFEFEAA" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Lazarus, S." box="[791,1024,330,357]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Thomas
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FCB6FEB2FC56FEAA" box="[887,936,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported it again but only referred to the 1986 publication.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE4EFE96FD95FE46" author="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K." box="[399,619,367,393]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref105853" refString="Rao, D. V. & Devi, K. (2003) Studies on the soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) of Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional paper, 206, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2003">Rao & Devi (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just list it and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FCD7FE96FBDBFE46" author="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S." box="[790,1061,367,393]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="32 - 43" refId="ref104234" refString="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S. (2004) Gorgonids off the southwest Coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 46, 32 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Mary & Lazarus (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rehash the 1986 description, just adding a few more rudimentary sclerite images.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |