148 lines
16 KiB
XML
148 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="CA8F81D1CA5810094DB9BF393364ECD5" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip & Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B38FF83FF56F880FDA8FD4A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astrogorgia sinensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="61A476B7623E3454A0FBDD08B117DE34">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE078E00C0DFD75D0FB105F6031E08F6">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="09408172669C0E37AA60D8A74EF59908" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7E8D48120CED03759ACA0370B2A12C80">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68C5A40356777CD157F33E3704250AB4">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="02D789605D9E51DB0A60B7148AEEE385">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4DC20958DE45AA6FD17513448B0BF020">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C7EC3DEBE75AF8FE2F868412B090C00">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B38FF83FF56F880FDA8FD4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641070" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641070" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B38FF83FF56F880FDA8FD4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B38FF83FF56F880FDA8FD4A" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B38FF82FF56F880FDBAF85C" box="[151,580,1913,1939]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B38FF82FF56F880FDBAF85C" blockId="46.[151,580,1913,1939]" box="[151,580,1913,1939]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B38FF82FF56F880FDBAF85C" bold="true" box="[151,580,1913,1939]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B38FF82FF56F880FDBAF85C" ID-CoL="J4BQ" authority="(Verrill, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,580,1913,1939]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B38FF82FF56F880FDBAF85C" bold="true" box="[151,580,1913,1939]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B38FF82FF56F880FE70F85C" bold="true" box="[151,398,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Astrogorgia sinensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B38FF82FE5CF880FDC2F85C" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[413,572,1913,1939]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="181 - 196" refId="ref110275" refString="Verrill, A. E., 1865. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain I. Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856, collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the Expedition, with descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Salem, 4, 181 - 196." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B38FF83FF56F847FC70FF7E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B38FF82FF56F847FCCDF819" blockId="46.[151,819,1982,2037]" box="[151,819,1982,2006]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B38FF82FF56F847FCCDF819" box="[151,819,1982,2006]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B38FF82FF56F847FE01F819" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,511,1982,2006]" page="187" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1865">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B38FF82FF56F847FE01F819" ID-CoL="866Q4" authority="Verrill, 1865: 187" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,511,1982,2006]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B38FF82FF56F847FEBDF81A" box="[151,323,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Muricea sinensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B38FF82FE88F847FE01F819" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[329,511,1982,2006]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="181 - 196" refId="ref110275" refString="Verrill, A. E., 1865. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Captain I. Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856, collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the Expedition, with descriptions of some additional species from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Salem, 4, 181 - 196." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865: 187</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 5, fig. 5&5a (
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B38FF82FD73F847FCD2F819" box="[690,812,1982,2006]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B38FF82FF56F824FCD0F83A" blockId="46.[151,819,1982,2037]" box="[151,814,2012,2037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B38FF82FF56F824FCD0F83A" box="[151,814,2012,2037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B38FF82FF56F824FE98F83B" ID-CoL="J4BQ" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,358,2013,2036]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B38FF82FF56F824FE98F83B" box="[151,358,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Astrogorgia sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(new comb.)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B38FF82FE32F825FD5EF83A" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[499,672,2012,2037]" page="414" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1868">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B38FF82FE32F825FD5EF83A" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[499,672,2012,2037]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="411 - 415" refId="ref110053" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1868) Critical remarks on the halcyonoid polyps in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 45, 411 - 415." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868: 414</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B38FF82FD6CF824FCD9F83A" box="[685,807,2013,2037]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B39FF83FF56FF6EFC70FF7E" blockId="47.[151,910,151,177]" box="[151,910,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B39FF83FF56FF26FDA8FD4A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B39FF83FF56FF26FED7FF36" blockId="47.[151,1436,223,321]" box="[151,297,223,249]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B39FF83FF06FEFAFC5BFE8E" blockId="47.[151,1436,223,321]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B39FF83FF06FEFAFC49FED2" box="[199,951,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B39FF83FC0BFEFAFB2EFED2" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[970,1232,258,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 75–76</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 50, fig. 1–1d (Cuddalore);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B39FF83FEECFEDEFDAEFE8E" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[301,592,295,321]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B39FF83FE5FFEDEFE31FE8E" box="[414,463,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 164
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 75, fig. 1–1d (Cuddalore).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B39FF83FF06FE96FDA8FD4A" blockId="47.[151,1437,366,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B39FF83FF06FE96FE67FE46" box="[199,409,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was originally described in 1865 by Verrill for a specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B39FF83FB2CFE96FA90FE46" box="[1261,1390,367,393]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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and named
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B39FF83FF28FE6AFE57FE63" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1865" box="[233,425,403,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B39FF83FF28FE6AFE57FE63" box="[233,425,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Muricea sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and then later changed by the author in 1868
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B39FF83FC6FFE6AFB4EFE63" box="[942,1200,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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to
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B39FF83FC0AFE6AFB4EFE63" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[971,1200,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Astrogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">Astrogorgia sinensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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. Verrill’s description was very short and his illustrations inadequate to characterise the species, as also observed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B39FF83FB30FE4EFF1CFE3A" author="Goh, N. K. C. & Chou, L. M." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="435 - 459" refId="ref101020" refString="Goh, N. K. C. & Chou, L. M. (1996) An annotated checklist of the gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) of Singapore, with a discussion of gorgonian diversity in the Indo-West Pacific. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (2), 435 - 459." type="journal article" year="1996">Goh and Chou (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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with their tentative identification of material from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B39FF83FCD6FE22FC72FE3A" box="[791,908,475,501]" name="Singapore" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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. Verrill’s colony was irregularly dichotomously branched and he first stated that the sclerites were small and oblong, but later said they were all long, sharp warty spindles of various sizes. The colony described in the identical accounts by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B39FF83FC3AFDDAFB49FDF2" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[1019,1207,547,573]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B39FF83FB31FDDAFF1CFDAE" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B39FF83FAA2FDDAFA6BFDF2" box="[1379,1429,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
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||
. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
appears to be branched laterally to pinnately. It is not possible to accurately identify Verrill’s species as the detail of the sclerites remains unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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</document> |