146 lines
17 KiB
XML
146 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="210CFF30297EFA468E0354B1DBFCD633">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="738974796BB25CDD98E92C3E85B4330A">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4F55A94A79F820F4478D0475C8D2757" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A680F44E49795FBA18D619353E45BC4C">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4DA84E3CE2D6C9F5F846CFB704FA457D" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="85FDF9A90108DD4C5875AB6EAC2E95D4">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="929FA3FF512A97761D1A3198042D2031" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BE5694FC2AC80101E0F7B8718BD5E0AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="768E2A7E7E689847898DE5F59ADFF559">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D3F4811E986BCDF2C130814F3AD0BEF">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D666F6D71F932E66244403EB85672E14">5236</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B25FF9FFF56FB30FC68F839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B25FF9FFF56FB30FC68F839" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B25FF9FFF56FB30FC68F839" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B25FF9FFF56FB30FD94FB2C" box="[151,618,1225,1252]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF56FB30FD94FB2C" blockId="51.[151,618,1225,1252]" box="[151,618,1225,1252]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B25FF9FFF56FB30FD94FB2C" bold="true" box="[151,618,1225,1252]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFF56FB30FD94FB2C" ID-CoL="38J4R" ID-ENA="986334" authority="Nutting, 1910" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,618,1225,1252]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="complexa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFF56FB30FD94FB2C" bold="true" box="[151,618,1225,1252]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFF56FB30FE47FB2B" bold="true" box="[151,441,1225,1252]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Echinogorgia complexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFE01FB30FD94FB2C" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[448,618,1225,1251]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B25FF9FFF56FAF7FC70FAA1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF56FAF7FB40FAE9" blockId="51.[151,1214,1294,1318]" box="[151,1214,1294,1318]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B25FF9FFF56FAF7FB40FAE9" box="[151,1214,1294,1318]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B25FF9FFF56FAF7FD95FAE9" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,619,1294,1318]" page="68" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B25FF9FFF56FAF7FD95FAE9" ID-CoL="38J4R" authority="Nutting, 1910: 67 - 68" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="67 - 68" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,619,1294,1318]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="complexa">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFF56FAF7FE77FAE9" box="[151,393,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Echinogorgia complexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFE4EFAF7FD95FAE9" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[399,619,1294,1318]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref104950" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expeditie Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting, 1910: 67–68</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 11, fig. 1, 1a; pl. 21, fig. 11 (New
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B25FF9FFC2EFAF7FBC5FAE9" box="[1007,1083,1294,1318]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B25FF9FFB84FAF7FB7AFAE9" box="[1093,1156,1294,1318]" name="Indonesia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Sea).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF56FAADFC70FAA1" blockId="51.[151,910,1364,1391]" box="[151,910,1364,1391]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Opinion: There is no evidence that this species occurs in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B25FF9FFF56FA65FC68F839" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF56FA65FED7FA79" blockId="51.[151,1436,1436,1607]" box="[151,297,1436,1462]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF06FA39FEE9F989" blockId="51.[151,1436,1436,1607]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFF06FA39FC57FA15" box="[199,937,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFC78FA39FABDFA14" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[953,1347,1472,1499]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George 1986: 105–106</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1l, 1–5;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFF11FA1DFDDAFA30" author="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M." box="[208,548,1508,1535]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref108121" refString="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M. (1987) On five species of commercially important gorgonids new to Indian seas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 34, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & Jacob 1987: 25–26</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1h, 2b (SW and SE coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFC4CFA1CFB4CFA31" author="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S." box="[909,1202,1508,1535]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="32 - 43" refId="ref104234" refString="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S. (2004) Gorgonids off the southwest Coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 46, 32 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Mary & Lazarus 2004: 37</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 13 (SW coast));
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFF56F9F1FE6BF9EC" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,405,1544,1571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 56–57</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 33, fig. 1–1d (East and NW coast);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFC8EF9F1FB91F9ED" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[847,1135,1544,1571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFC7EF9F0FC0EF9ED" box="[959,1008,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 119
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 54, fig. 1–1d (East and NW coast).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF06F98CFCF6F88D" blockId="51.[151,1437,1652,2039]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFF06F98CFE62F941" box="[199,412,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: The sclerite descriptions and rudimentary drawings in the accounts by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFB0AF98DFF1AF97D" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="96 - 112" refId="ref107948" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1986) A systematic appraisal of the commercially important gorgonids of the Indian seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 28 (1 & 2), 96 - 112." type="journal article" year="1986">Thomas & George (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFF30F961FDF9F97D" author="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M." box="[241,519,1688,1714]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="20 - 27" refId="ref108121" refString="Thomas, P. A. & Jacob, R. M. (1987) On five species of commercially important gorgonids new to Indian seas. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 34, 20 - 27." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & Jacob (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFD80F960FCADF97D" author="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S." box="[577,851,1688,1715]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="32 - 43" refId="ref104234" refString="Mary, A. G. & Lazarus, S. (2004) Gorgonids off the southwest Coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 46, 32 - 43." type="journal article" year="2004">Mary & Lazarus (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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are virtually the same. The leafclubs are described as having “several leaf-like expansions” whereas in Nutting’s original description these sclerites are described as having more “folia” than found in any other species in his report, which is supported by the image of the rosettelike sclerite in his plate 21, fig. 11. The Indian illustrations also include sketches of large leafy blocks, a form not mentioned at all in Nutting’s description of this species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B25FF9FFF06F8B5FC68F839" blockId="51.[151,1437,1652,2039]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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The descriptions of the Indian material by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFD73F8B5FC90F8A9" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[690,878,1868,1894]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFC69F8B5FB57F8A9" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[936,1193,1868,1895]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFBDAF8B4FBB0F8A9" box="[1051,1102,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are identical, but the sclerites include thornscales that are completely different from the foliaceous sclerites in the
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B25FF9FFB75F889FAE4F845" box="[1204,1306,1904,1930]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFAE5F889FEC4F861" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref107997" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1987) Gorgonid resources of India. Marine Fisheries Information Services, 74, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1987">Thomas & George (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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just list the species, while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B25FF9FFDA1F86DFCAAF861" author="Varghese, M. & George, R. M. & Kasinathan, C." box="[608,852,1940,1966]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="14 - 17" refId="ref109624" refString="Varghese, M., George, R. M. & Kasinathan, C. (2007) Recent gorgonid resources of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, India. Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical & Extension Series, 194, 14 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Varghese
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFD0DF86CFCFAF861" box="[716,772,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
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(2007)
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</bibRefCitation>
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lists the species as a commercial resource and figure a colony that has quite a different structure to that figured by Nutting (and also in the other Indian papers). Kumar
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B25FF9FFF56F824FF36F839" box="[151,200,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
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. (2016: PY-P) list the species and provide a figureo of a colony.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</treatment>
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||
</document> |