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1103 lines
159 KiB
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<document id="BEF1BA675BC1FAB7E8FE403A9DC361ED" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2019.1578831" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883327" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711483972715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Poole, Christopher R. & Wade, Bridget S." docDate="2019" docId="072AAD72232AAE6938E2FAE9FE38F6F0" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.17.23.1989-2030.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (23)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2019.1578831" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trilobatus quadrilobatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2011" masterDocId="FB13D50A2339AE703810F93AFF91F604" masterDocTitle="Systematic taxonomy of the Trilobatus sacculifer plexus and descendant Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (planktonic foraminifera)" masterLastPageNumber="2030" masterPageNumber="1989" pageNumber="2007" updateTime="1712324251807" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D8C8D638480B506784BB7562C1387B38">Systematic taxonomy of the Trilobatus sacculifer plexus and descendant Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (planktonic foraminifera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B997F3B9205752B12AE62207DC03E333">Poole, Christopher R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ACA4C5568F6CA21F91714C4C15947268">Wade, Bridget S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="134CD4736B64440871DF88340DDD0602">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="48910888FB40F1AF8CA226B75828BCF3">
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<mods:date id="6BC3D3E1C881E017470A53B6F4B13841">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="14C9B5EAB48F763995EEF57AD3DEB989" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2019.1578831</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="072AAD72232AAE6938E2FAE9FE38F6F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10932463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:072AAD72232AAE6938E2FAE9FE38F6F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/072AAD72232AAE6938E2FAE9FE38F6F0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="2011" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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<subSubSection id="C7994FEF232AAE6338E2FAE9FD01F20E" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE6338E2FAE9FD45F5EE" blockId="19.[242,724,978,1034]" box="[242,724,978,1002]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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<heading id="D474AB08232AAE6338E2FAE9FD45F5EE" box="[242,724,978,1002]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338E2FAE9FD45F5EE" ID-CoL="83QVY" authority="(d' Orbigny, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[242,724,978,1002]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338E2FAE9FD97F5EE" bold="true" box="[242,518,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633A06FAE9FD5AF5EE" author="d' Orbigny, A." box="[534,715,978,1002]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref25535" refString="d' Orbigny, A. 1846. Foraminif`eres fossils du Bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). Gide et Comp, Paris, 312 pp." type="book" year="1846">d’ Orbigny, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63390CFAC9FD01F20E" blockId="19.[242,724,978,1034]" box="[284,656,1010,1034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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(
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<figureCitation id="17B800E1232AAE633935FAC9FE0CF20E" box="[293,413,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[159,226,1701,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Typical Trilobatus immaturus and intergradation with Trilobatus quadrilobatus. A–K, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); L–N, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846). A–C, I–K, ODP Site 926, Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic, 11H/04/ 50–52 cm (A, B, umbilical view; C, detail wall texture and infilled pores; I, spiral view; J, detail of final chamber wall texture; compare with K, detail of penultimate chamber where primary wall texture is obscured by thick gametogenic calcite); D–H, GLOW- 3, south-west Indian Ocean (D, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip on first supplementary aperture; E, H, umbilical view; F, G, spiral view). L–N, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (L, spiral view; M, umbilical view; N, detail of wall texture including clear spine holes). Scale bars = 100Lm, except for close-up images C, D, J, K, N, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932439/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Figs 7L–N</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="17B800E1232AAE6339B9FAC9FE7CF20E" box="[425,493,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">8A–K</figureCitation>
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, 15A,
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<figureCitation id="17B800E1232AAE633A28FAC9FD16F20E" box="[568,647,1011,1034]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[159,226,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-0@27.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. Trilobatus sacculifer plexus, showing type specimens (A–D), morphological intergradation sequence and morphospecies exemplars (E–H). A, E, Trilobatus trilobus (Reuss, 1850); B, F, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); C, G, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); D, H, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, salt mine Wieliczka, near Krakow, Poland (umbilical view; neotype image reproduced from Rogl 2012, pl. 1, fig. 1). B, Telisa Shales, Tapoeng Kiri area, Rokan-Tapanoeli, Central Sumatra, Indonesia (umbilical view; holotype image reproduced from LeRoy 1939, pl. 3, fig. 19). C, Nussdorf (= Nubdorf), Rara, Vienna Basin, Austria (umbilical view; lectotype image reproduced from Papp & Schmid 1985, pl. 3, fig. 19). D, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea (umbilical view; lectotype of Banner & Blow 1960, image reproduced from Williams et al. 2006, pl. 1, fig. 1). E, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (umbilical view). F, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/ 03/60–62cm (umbilical view). G, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (umbilical view). H, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/25–27 cm (umbilical view). Scale bars = 100 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932461/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">17C, G</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7994FEF232AAE63388FFD19FAF7F45C" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFD19FEB7F25F" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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1846
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338F2FD19FD11F23E" authority="d' Orbigny" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[226,640,1058,1082]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338F2FD19FE6FF23E" box="[226,510,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerina quadrilobata</emphasis>
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d’ Orbigny
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</taxonomicName>
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: 164, pl. 9, figs 7–10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFD5EFDDDF298" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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1960
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338E9FD5EFC99F27F" authority="(d' Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" box="[249,776,1123,1147]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338E9FD5EFDF1F27F" box="[249,608,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoides quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(d’ Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Banner & Blow: 17, pl. 4, fig. 3a, b.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFD9FFD1CF2D9" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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1983
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338E9FD9FFC99F2B8" authority="(d' Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" box="[249,776,1188,1212]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338E9FD9FFDF1F2B8" box="[249,608,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoides quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(d’ Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Kennett & Srinivasan: 66, pl. 14, figs 1–3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFDDCFD2EF31A" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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2003
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338F8FDDCFD47F2F9" authority="(d' Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" box="[232,726,1253,1277]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338F8FDDCFDAEF2F9" box="[232,575,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoides quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(d’ Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Li, McGowran, & Brunner: 20, pl. P6, figs 16, 17.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFC1DFE05F35B" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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2012
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338F1FC1DFD51F33A" authority="(d' Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" box="[225,704,1318,1342]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338F1FC1DFDA1F33A" box="[225,560,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoides quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(d’ Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Rögl: 188, pl. 2, figs 3, 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFC52FE32F3A4" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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2013
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338CDFC52FD26F37B" authority="(d' Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" box="[221,695,1383,1407]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338CDFC52FDBBF37B" box="[221,554,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoides quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(d’ Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Fox & Wade: 400, fig. 11.4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFC93FD7AF3E5" blockId="19.[159,781,1058,1506]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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2018
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6338CFFC93FDECF3C4" authority="(d' Orbigny)" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[223,637,1448,1472]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338CFFC93FE7EF3C4" box="[223,495,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus quadrilobatus</emphasis>
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(d’ Orbigny)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben: 296–298, pl. 9.12, figs 1–20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFCC0FE41F036" blockId="19.[159,781,1530,1651]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE63388FFCC0FEBBF015" bold="true" box="[159,298,1530,1553]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232AAE633925FCC0FEFDF015" box="[309,364,1530,1553]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Type</typeStatus>
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of wall: spinose, coarsely cancellate
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<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE63388FFF21FE99F036" authorityName=", LeRoy" authorityYear="1964" box="[159,264,1563,1586]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
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<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE63388FFF21FE99F036" box="[159,264,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">sacculifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232AAE63391FFF21FEAEF036" box="[271,319,1563,1586]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">type</typeStatus>
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wall texture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE6338A9FF01FBFDF7D3" blockId="19.[159,781,1530,1651]" lastBlockId="19.[844,1467,189,600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Test morphology: low trochospire, 3.5 to typically 4 globose, near-spherical chambers in the final whorl increasing slowly-moderately in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed, straight to slightly curved on both sides; umbilicus narrow; primary aperture extraumbilical-umbilical or umbilical, generally a low arch, often broad, typically no bordering rim; prominent supplementary apertures on spiral side, one per chamber, placed at the sutures of the preceding chamber and third-previous chamber, occasionally only one visible due to infilling or secondary calcification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE633B77F8DAFAF7F45C" blockId="19.[844,1467,189,600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
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Note: description is based on the original description and species concept of
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<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633C4FFB3AFA88F413" author="d' Orbigny, A." box="[1119,1305,512,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref25535" refString="d' Orbigny, A. 1846. Foraminif`eres fossils du Bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). Gide et Comp, Paris, 312 pp." type="book" year="1846">d’ Orbigny (1846</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 164), and that of
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<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633BB2FB1BFB0FF43C" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[930,1182,545,568]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 17–19) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633D76FB1BFBB0F45C" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 66), but is here emended.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7994FEF232AAE633B5DFB4BFB88F2CB" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE633B5DFB4BFB88F2CB" blockId="19.[844,1467,625,1232]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633B5DFB4BFC2AF48C" bold="true" box="[845,955,625,648]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633BC2FB4BFB7CF48C" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[978,1261,625,648]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633BC2FB4BFB7CF48C" box="[978,1261,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633B9CFBABFB87F4AC" authorityName=", LeRoy" authorityYear="1964" box="[908,1046,657,680]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633B9CFBABFC0AF4AC" box="[908,923,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633BBDFBABFB87F4AC" box="[941,1046,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing a globular, near-spherical final chamber as opposed to a sac-like final chamber.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633B94FBE8FBFBF4ED" authorityName=", LeRoy" authorityYear="1964" box="[900,1130,722,745]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633B94FBE8FBFBF4ED" box="[900,1130,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possesses a distinct lip bordering the primary aperture, whilst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633D14FBC9FA2AF50E" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1284,1467,755,778]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633D14FBC9FA82F50E" box="[1284,1299,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633D35FBC9FA2AF50E" box="[1317,1467,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no lip (though gradation between the two morphospecies occurs).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633C02FA09FAB8F54E" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1042,1321,819,842]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633C02FA09FAB8F54E" box="[1042,1321,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shows morphological gradation with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633CB0FA6EFAA5F56F" box="[1184,1332,852,875]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CB0FA6EFB3EF56F" box="[1184,1199,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CD2FA6EFAA5F56F" box="[1218,1332,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs in having a lower chamber expansion rate and a more open umbilicus and typically having four spherical chambers in the final whorl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633CB7FA8FFA2AF5C8" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1191,1467,949,972]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CB7FA8FFA2AF5C8" box="[1191,1467,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad resemblance to the short-ranging Oligo–Miocene morphospecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633CAFFACCFBCFF229" authority="(Blow & Banner 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Blow & Banner" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="primordius">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CAFFACCFA2AF209" box="[1215,1467,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus primordius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633B44FD2CFBC2F229" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[852,1107,1046,1069]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" pagination="98 - 99" refId="ref23376" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1962. The type specimens of Globigerina quadrilobata d' Orbigny, Globigerina sacculifera Brady, Rotalina cultrata d' Orbigny and Rotalia menardii Parker, Jones and Brady. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 13, 98 - 99." type="journal article" year="1962">Blow & Banner 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633CB4FD2CFAAEF229" baseAuthorityName="Blow & Banner" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1188,1343,1046,1069]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="primordius">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CB4FD2CFB22F229" box="[1188,1203,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CD8FD2CFAAEF229" box="[1224,1343,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">primordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only possesses one supplementary aperture on the spiral side and may not have a strictly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633C49FD6DFB53F26A" authorityName=", LeRoy" authorityYear="1964" box="[1113,1218,1111,1134]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633C49FD6DFB53F26A" box="[1113,1218,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232AAE633CDAFD6DFB6BF26A" box="[1226,1274,1111,1134]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">type</typeStatus>
|
||
wall texture (the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633C59FD4DFB4EF28A" baseAuthorityName="Blow & Banner" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1097,1247,1143,1166]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="primordius">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633C59FD4DFBC9F28A" box="[1097,1112,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633C78FD4DFB4EF28A" box="[1128,1247,1143,1166]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">primordius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633D1CFD4DFC1BF2AB" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" pagination="98 - 99" refId="ref23376" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1962. The type specimens of Globigerina quadrilobata d' Orbigny, Globigerina sacculifera Brady, Rotalina cultrata d' Orbigny and Rotalia menardii Parker, Jones and Brady. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 13, 98 - 99." type="journal article" year="1962">Blow & Banner [1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 115] states it has a “markedly cancellate and punctate” surface).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7994FEF232AAE693B5CFDD2FE38F6F0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="2013" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE633B5CFDD2FC7EF324" blockId="19.[844,1466,1256,1312]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3FEB1639232AAE633B5CFDD2FC7AF324" country="Austria" county="Basin" location="Nussdorf" municipality="Rara" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Wien" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633B5CFDD2FC63F2FB" bold="true" box="[844,1010,1256,1279]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232AAE633B5CFDD2FC17F2FB" box="[844,902,1256,1279]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8A5C4ABF232AAE633C13FDD2FBF4F2FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:072AAD72232AAE6938E2FAE9FE38F6F0:8A5C4ABF232AAE633C13FDD2FBF4F2FB" box="[1027,1125,1256,1279]" country="Austria" county="Basin" municipality="Rara" name="Nussdorf" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" stateProvince="Wien">Nussdorf</location>
|
||
(= Nubdorf),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6F58861E232AAE633D33FDD2FAC9F2FB" box="[1315,1368,1256,1279]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Rara</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D47D286232AAE633D7DFDD2FA2BF2FB" box="[1389,1466,1256,1279]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Vienna</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="665D64E8232AAE633B5CFC33FC1AF324" box="[844,907,1289,1312]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Basin</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7945CF4232AAE633B89FC33FC7AF324" box="[921,1003,1289,1312]" name="Austria" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE653B5CFC02FD97F4DF" blockId="19.[844,1467,1336,1651]" lastBlockId="21.[159,781,189,1704]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="2009" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633B5CFC02FBD3F34B" bold="true" box="[844,1090,1336,1359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633C70FC02FAA4F34B" author="d' Orbigny, A." box="[1120,1333,1336,1360]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref25535" refString="d' Orbigny, A. 1846. Foraminif`eres fossils du Bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). Gide et Comp, Paris, 312 pp." type="book" year="1846">d’ Orbigny (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633B5CFC63FBE2F374" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[844,1139,1369,1392]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633B5CFC63FBE2F374" box="[844,1139,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerina quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D47D286232AAE633D01FC63FACFF374" box="[1297,1374,1369,1392]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Vienna</collectingRegion>
|
||
Basin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7945CF4232AAE633B5CFC43FC0FF394" box="[844,926,1401,1424]" name="Austria" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
. He noted that the final four chambers were of almost equal size, increasing only marginally in size as added (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633BB2FC80FBC5F3D5" author="d' Orbigny, A." box="[930,1108,1465,1489]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref25535" refString="d' Orbigny, A. 1846. Foraminif`eres fossils du Bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). Gide et Comp, Paris, 312 pp." type="book" year="1846">d’ Orbigny 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 164). The original illustrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633B82FCE1FBD0F3F6" author="d' Orbigny, A." box="[914,1089,1498,1522]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref25535" refString="d' Orbigny, A. 1846. Foraminif`eres fossils du Bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). Gide et Comp, Paris, 312 pp." type="book" year="1846">d’ Orbigny 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 9, figs 7–10; also reproduced numerous times, e.g. in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633C75FCC1FACCF016" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." box="[1125,1373,1531,1554]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 54, fig. 7 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633BDCFF21FB45F036" author="Bolli, H. M. & Saunders, J. B." box="[972,1236,1563,1586]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" refId="ref24212" refString="Bolli, H. M. & Saunders, J. B. 1985. Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifera. Pp. 155 - 262 in H. M. Bolli, J. B. Saunders & K. Perch-Nielsen (eds) Plankton stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1985">Bolli & Saunders 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 193, fig. 20.18) clearly show this low chamber expansion rate in the final whorl. No supplementary apertures are visible in the illustrations or are recorded in the original description, although, as also discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653A42F9E7FF76F711" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref23432" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1965. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d' Orbigny) and related forms: their" type="book" year="1965">Banner & Blow (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this omission does not preclude the possibility of supplementary apertures having been present on the specimen. Unfortunately, the original vial labelled ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653AE3F804FEBBF772" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653AE3F804FC97F751" box="[755,774,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE65388FF865FEBBF772" box="[159,298,351,374]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE6539CBF865FD4DF772" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[475,732,351,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE6538FAF845FDB0F792" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." box="[234,545,383,406]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, did not contain d’ Orbigny’ s (1846) figured specimen, but it was found to contain a suite of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9985D7ED232CAE65399CF8FAFDB0F7D3" box="[396,545,448,471]" count="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of at least three different morphospecies. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653A5EF8DBFF76F41C" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9985D7ED232CAE65392AFB3BFE70F41C" box="[314,481,513,536]" count="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were of the quadrilobate form. Despite multiple morphospecies being present,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE65388FFB78FE0FF45D" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[159,414,578,601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reasoned that the contents of the vial were a suite of syntypic specimens for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653A91FB59FC9DF47E" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[641,780,611,634]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653A91FB59FC9DF47E" box="[641,780,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653973FBB9FE54F49E" box="[355,453,643,666]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from one of the five quadrilobate forms. They assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653A58FB9EFD42F4BF" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[584,723,676,699]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653A58FB9EFD42F4BF" box="[584,723,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE65388FFBFEFE6FF4DF" authority="Cushman, 1927" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1927" box="[159,510,708,731]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE65388FFBFEFEDDF4DF" box="[159,332,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Globigerinoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653945FBFEFE6FF4DF" author="Cushman, J. A." box="[341,510,708,731]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref25356" refString="Cushman, J. A. 1927. An outline of the re-classification of the foraminifera. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 3, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1927">Cushman, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DBFC4CEC232AAE63388FFF8DFB8FF168" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10932451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932451/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" startId="19.[159,226,1719,1740]" targetBox="[159,1466,184,1938]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232AAE63388FFF8DFB8FF168" blockId="19.[159,1467,1719,1901]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE63388FFF8DFE9BF0C8" bold="true" box="[159,266,1719,1740]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633905FF8DFE71F0C8" authorityName=", LeRoy" authorityYear="1964" box="[277,480,1719,1740]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633905FF8DFE71F0C8" box="[277,480,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with incipient protuberances and intergradation with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633BE8FF8DFA9EF0C8" baseAuthorityName="Schubert" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1016,1295,1719,1740]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoidesella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633BE8FF8DFA9EF0C8" box="[1016,1295,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoidesella fistulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633D0FFF8DFADFF0C8" bold="true" box="[1311,1358,1719,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">A–J,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE633D48FF8DFE06F0E3" authority="(Brady, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633D48FF8DFF6CF0E3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Trilobatus sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633900FFE8FE1FF0E3" author="Brady, H. B." box="[272,398,1746,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" pagination="534 - 536" refId="ref24385" refString="Brady, H. B. 1877. Supplementary note on the Foraminifera of the Chalk (?) of the New Britain Group. Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade 2, 4, 534 - 536." type="journal article" year="1877">Brady, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6339BAFFE8FE4CF0E3" bold="true" box="[426,477,1745,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">K–P,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232AAE6339FAFFE8FC2AF0E3" authority="(Schubert, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Schubert" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[490,955,1746,1767]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoidesella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6339FAFFE8FC94F0E3" box="[490,773,1746,1767]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">Globigerinoidesella fistulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232AAE633B09FFE8FC20F0E3" author="Schubert, R. J." box="[793,945,1746,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" pagination="318 - 328" refId="ref29694" refString="Schubert, R. J. 1910. Uber ¨ Foraminiferen und einen Fischotolithen aus dem fossilen Globigerinenschlamm von Neu-Guinea. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 14, 318 - 328." type="journal article" year="1910">Schubert, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633BDDFFE8FC6DF0E3" bold="true" box="[973,1020,1745,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">A–J,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232AAE633C19FFE8FBA8F0E3" box="[1033,1081,1746,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 10H/04/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232AAE63392FFFD6FE23F105" box="[319,434,1772,1794]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" unit="cm" value="128.0" valueMax="129.0" valueMin="127.0">127–129 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6339D4FFD6FD86F105" bold="true" box="[452,535,1772,1793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">A, D, J,</emphasis>
|
||
umbilical view, in
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633ACCFFD6FD7CF105" bold="true" box="[732,749,1772,1793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">A</emphasis>
|
||
note kummerform final sac-like chamber;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633C89FFD6FA9BF105" bold="true" box="[1177,1290,1772,1793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">B, C, H, I,</emphasis>
|
||
spiral view, in
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633DBAFFD6FA2BF105" bold="true" box="[1450,1466,1772,1793]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">B</emphasis>
|
||
note kummerform final sac-like chamber);
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633A5BFE3DFD11F118" bold="true" box="[587,640,1799,1821]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">E–G,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232AAE633A99FE3DFD28F118" box="[649,697,1799,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232AAE633CC3FE3DFABEF118" box="[1235,1327,1799,1821]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" unit="cm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633D51FE3DFAC6F118" bold="true" box="[1345,1367,1799,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">E,</emphasis>
|
||
umbilical view;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6338CEFE18FE87F133" bold="true" box="[222,278,1826,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">F, G,</emphasis>
|
||
spiral view).
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE6339B6FE18FDB3F133" bold="true" box="[422,546,1826,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">K, L, O, P,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232AAE633A3CFE18FDCDF133" box="[556,604,1826,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 10H/04/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232AAE633C6DFE18FB61F133" box="[1149,1264,1825,1847]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" unit="cm" value="128.0" valueMax="129.0" valueMin="127.0">127–129 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633D13FE18FA8AF133" bold="true" box="[1283,1307,1826,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">K,</emphasis>
|
||
spiral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633DB5FE18FA2BF133" bold="true" box="[1445,1466,1826,1847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">L,</emphasis>
|
||
umbilical view; note multiple small protuberances and broad flattened final chamber;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633BE1FE06FBB6F155" bold="true" box="[1009,1063,1852,1873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">O, P,</emphasis>
|
||
umbilical view);
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232AAE633CC8FE06FA84F155" bold="true" box="[1240,1301,1852,1873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">M, N,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232AAE633D0EFE06FADFF155" box="[1310,1358,1852,1873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232AAE633A29FE6DFD07F168" box="[569,662,1879,1901]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="2007" unit="cm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 cm</quantity>
|
||
(umbilical view). Scale bars = 100 Lm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232CAE6538A9FBDEFD5CF043" blockId="21.[159,781,189,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
Banner & Blow’ s (1960) record of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653A91FBDEFC9DF4FF" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[641,780,740,763]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653A91FBDEFC9DF4FF" box="[641,780,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotype was almost its first reported occurrence in more than a century.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653981FA1FFDAFF538" author="Cushman, J. A." box="[401,574,805,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="15 - 21" refId="ref25420" refString="Cushman, J. A. 1946. The species of Globigerina described between 1839 and 1850. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 22, 15 - 21." type="journal article" year="1946">Cushman (1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 19) had found only one record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653968FA7CFD92F559" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[376,515,838,861]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653968FA7CFD92F559" box="[376,515,838,861]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the literature, noting that even this reported occurrence was probably not conspecific with d’ Orbigny’ s (1846) concept, and suggested that the name be “allowed to lapse”. The designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE6538A5FAFDFE86F5DA" box="[181,279,967,990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653956FAFDFDD9F5DA" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[326,584,967,990]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was described as a ‘resurrection’ by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653998FAD2FD86F5FB" author="Todd, R." box="[392,535,1000,1023]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="121 - 122" refId="ref30429" refString="Todd, R. 1961. On selection of lectotypes and neotypes. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1961">Todd (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653A4FFAD2FC99F5FB" author="Jenkins, D. G." box="[607,776,1000,1023]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref26856" refString="Jenkins, D. G. 1966. Planktonic foraminifera from the type Aquitanian - Burdigalian of France. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 17, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1966">Jenkins (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Moreover, numerous authors disputed the validity of the presumed syntypic suite of specimens and thus the designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE6538EEFD73FEF1F264" box="[254,352,1097,1120]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE6539A1FD73FDA1F264" author="Todd, R." box="[433,560,1097,1120]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="121 - 122" refId="ref30429" refString="Todd, R. 1961. On selection of lectotypes and neotypes. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1961">Todd 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653A58FD73FD70F264" author="Bandy, O. L." box="[584,737,1097,1120]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref23234" refString="Bandy, O. L. 1964 a. Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation. Micropaleontology, 10, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1964">Bandy 1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE65388FFD50FEBFF285" author="Jenkins, D. G." box="[159,302,1130,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref26856" refString="Jenkins, D. G. 1966. Planktonic foraminifera from the type Aquitanian - Burdigalian of France. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 17, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1966">Jenkins 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653950FD50FEE4F285" author="Jenkins, D. G." box="[320,373,1130,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref26890" refString="Jenkins, D. G. 1971. New Zealand Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 42, 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653998FD50FD18F285" author="Bolli, H. M. & Saunders, J. B." box="[392,649,1130,1153]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref24212" refString="Bolli, H. M. & Saunders, J. B. 1985. Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifera. Pp. 155 - 262 in H. M. Bolli, J. B. Saunders & K. Perch-Nielsen (eds) Plankton stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1985">Bolli & Saunders 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The main arguments were threefold: (1) the contents of the vial, regardless of its label of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE6539AFFD91FDFFF2C6" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[447,622,1195,1218]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE6539AFFD91FE43F2C6" box="[447,466,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE6539F3FD91FDFFF2C6" box="[483,622,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, undoubtedly contained multiple morphospecies and should not have been considered syntypic despite containing ‘quadrilobate’ specimens; (2) the designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653ABBFC36FC9CF327" box="[683,781,1292,1315]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not wholly consistent with d’ Orbigny’ s original (and sparse) concept (nor indeed were any of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9985D7ED232CAE653AE2FC77FE82F381" count="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653921FC54FE44F381" author="Bandy, O. L." box="[305,469,1390,1413]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref23234" refString="Bandy, O. L. 1964 a. Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation. Micropaleontology, 10, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1964">Bandy (1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b) referred
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653A91FC54FC9DF381" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[641,780,1390,1413]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653A91FC54FC9DF381" box="[641,780,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
back to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE6539B3FCB4FDB4F3A1" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1826" box="[419,549,1422,1445]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE6539B3FCB4FDB4F3A1" box="[419,549,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Globigerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
primarily because d’ Orbigny’ s concept did not specify any supplementary apertures; and (3) numerous specimens apparently consistent with d’ Orbigny’ s original concept (i.e. not the concept of Banner & Blow) were apparently found in samples from the type locality (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653A3CFF0AFD2CF043" author="Bandy, O. L." box="[556,701,1584,1607]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="36 - 37" refId="ref23256" refString="Bandy, O. L. 1964 b. The type of Globigerina quadrilobata d' Orbigny. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 15, 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1964">Bandy 1964b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232CAE6538A9FF6AFBB6F4F8" blockId="21.[159,781,189,1704]" lastBlockId="21.[844,1467,188,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
In two subsequent publications,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653A58FF6AFF4CF08C" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="98 - 99" refId="ref23376" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1962. The type specimens of Globigerina quadrilobata d' Orbigny, Globigerina sacculifera Brady, Rotalina cultrata d' Orbigny and Rotalia menardii Parker, Jones and Brady. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 13, 98 - 99." type="journal article" year="1962">Banner & Blow (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE6538E2FF4BFEB6F08C" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[242,295,1649,1672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref23432" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1965. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d' Orbigny) and related forms: their" type="book" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) endeavoured to vindicate their
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653ABBFF4BFC9CF08C" box="[683,781,1649,1672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
selection, and considered their
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE6539E7FFABFD13F0AC" authorityName="d' Orbigny" authorityYear="1846" box="[503,642,1681,1704]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE6539E7FFABFD13F0AC" box="[503,642,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotype to be an evolutionarily ‘central form’, giving rise to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653B96F9E7FC68F6F0" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[902,1017,221,244]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B96F9E7FC04F6F0" box="[902,917,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BB6F9E7FC68F6F0" box="[934,1017,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C23F9E7FB2DF6F0" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1075,1212,221,244]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C23F9E7FBD3F6F0" box="[1075,1090,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C43F9E7FB2DF6F0" box="[1107,1212,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is of importance because most authors, contrarily, consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653D38F9C4FA0AF711" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1320,1435,254,277]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D38F9C4FAA6F711" box="[1320,1335,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D58F9C4FA0AF711" box="[1352,1435,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be the more ‘primitive’ form, giving rise to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653D27F824FC17F751" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D27F824FAD7F731" box="[1335,1350,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D46F824FC17F751" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653BDDF804FA91F751" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." box="[973,1280,318,341]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other workers (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653B9AF865FBB5F772" author="Fleisher, R. L." box="[906,1060,351,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref25762" refString="Fleisher, R. L. 1974. Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23 A. Pp. 1001 - 1072 in R. B. Whitmarsh, O. E. Weser, D. A. Ross, S. Ali, J. E. Boudreaux, R. L. Fleisher, D. Jipa, R. B. Kidd, T. K. Mallik, A. Matter, C. Nigrini, H. N. Siddiquie & P. Stoffers (eds) Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 23." type="book" year="1974">Fleisher 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1023) noted that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653D49F865FA2AF772" box="[1369,1467,351,374]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was probably not conspecific with the original concept, but argued it should be retained because of the wide prior usage.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653BCCF8FAFB3BF7D3" author="Chaproniere, G. C. H." box="[988,1194,448,471]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref24996" refString="Chaproniere, G. C. H. 1981. Late Oligocene to early Miocene planktic Foraminiferida from Ashmore Reef No. 1 Well, northwest Australia. Alcheringa, 5, 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1981">Chaproniere (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 110) also argued in favour of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BD4F8DBFBCBF7FC" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[964,1114,481,504]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BD4F8DBFBCBF7FC" box="[964,1114,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Banner & Blow’ s (1960, 1965) concept, and distinguished between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653D71FB3BFA25F41C" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1377,1460,513,536]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D71FB3BFA25F41C" box="[1377,1460,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653B5CFB18FC2FF43D" box="[844,958,546,569]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B5CFB18FC2FF43D" box="[844,958,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BEEFB18FB05F43D" baseAuthorityName="d' Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1022,1172,546,569]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BEEFB18FB05F43D" box="[1022,1172,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653B5CFB78FB0CF45D" box="[844,1181,578,601]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B5CFB78FB0CF45D" box="[844,1181,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Globigerinoides quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. a trinomial nomenclature with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BE1FB59FB16F47E" box="[1009,1159,611,634]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BE1FB59FB16F47E" box="[1009,1159,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the central species). He also considered numerous other morphospecies to be subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C30FB9EFB71F4BF" box="[1056,1248,676,699]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C30FB9EFBA2F4BF" box="[1056,1075,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C5AFB9EFB71F4BF" box="[1098,1248,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are here not in accordance with our definition of the plexus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653B44FBDFFB86F4F8" author="Chaproniere, G. C. H." box="[852,1047,741,764]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref24996" refString="Chaproniere, G. C. H. 1981. Late Oligocene to early Miocene planktic Foraminiferida from Ashmore Reef No. 1 Well, northwest Australia. Alcheringa, 5, 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="1981">Chaproniere 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232CAE653B77FA3FFBC6F265" blockId="21.[844,1467,188,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
To add further complication, Banner & Blow’ s (1960)
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653B5CFA1FFC3FF538" box="[844,942,805,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was apparently lost and is therefore not available for examination.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653C2FFA7CFAAEF559" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." box="[1087,1343,838,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated a replacement
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653BE1FA5CFBC2F579" box="[1009,1107,870,893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from the remaining material of the original vial, choosing a broadly similar specimen to the first
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653BA1FA9DFB87F5BA" box="[945,1046,935,958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The validity of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653D1EFA9DFAE1F5BA" box="[1294,1392,935,958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
might be disputed for the same aforementioned reasons. Despite the questionable
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653C96FAD2FB79F5FB" box="[1158,1256,1000,1023]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
selection(s), and rejection by other workers, the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653CA5FD33FA22F224" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[1205,1459,1033,1056]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653B5CFD13FC10F244" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[844,897,1065,1088]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref23432" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1965. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d' Orbigny) and related forms: their" type="book" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C09FD13FB3EF244" box="[1049,1199,1065,1088]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C09FD13FB3EF244" box="[1049,1199,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been used consistently since its inception.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232CAE653B77FD50FA87F023" blockId="21.[844,1467,188,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
Ultimately, the proliferation of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653D2BFD50FCFAF2A5" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D2BFD50FCFAF2A5" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be attributed to the taxonomic authority of Banner and Blow, and that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653C6EFD91FA2AF2C6" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." box="[1150,1467,1195,1218]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BC1FDF1FBF6F2E6" box="[977,1127,1227,1250]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BC1FDF1FBF6F2E6" box="[977,1127,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a distinct morphospecies to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653B5CFDD6FC0EF307" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[844,927,1260,1283]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B5CFDD6FC0EF307" box="[844,927,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BA6FDD6FBB9F307" box="[950,1064,1260,1283]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BA6FDD6FBB9F307" box="[950,1064,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C7DFDD6FB47F307" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1133,1238,1260,1283]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C7DFDD6FB47F307" box="[1133,1238,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their taxonomic atlas of Neogene planktonic foraminifera. Their influential work has been extensively used as the foremost taxonomic authority for Neogene planktonic foraminifera for more than 30 years. They posited a lineage of
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B6DFCB4FACAF3A1" box="[893,1371,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653B6DFCB4FC41F3A1" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[893,976,1422,1445]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">trilobus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BC9FCB4FBDAF3A1" box="[985,1099,1422,1445]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">immaturus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C44FCB4FB7BF3A1" box="[1108,1258,1422,1445]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">quadrilobatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653CE2FCB4FACAF3A1" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1266,1371,1422,1445]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">sacculifer</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Many populations (fossil and Recent) contain a 3.5–4-chambered form that is not consistent with the species concepts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BD3FCCAFB87F003" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[963,1046,1520,1543]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BD3FCCAFB87F003" box="[963,1046,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C22FCCAFB35F003" box="[1074,1188,1520,1543]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C22FCCAFB35F003" box="[1074,1188,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653CF3FCCAFADDF003" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1251,1356,1520,1543]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653CF3FCCAFADDF003" box="[1251,1356,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; such a morphotype is often called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653C69FF2AFA9EF023" box="[1145,1295,1552,1575]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C69FF2AFA9EF023" box="[1145,1295,1552,1575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232CAE673B77FF0AFEFEF2BA" blockId="21.[844,1467,188,1704]" lastBlockId="23.[159,781,189,1731]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="2011" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653B77FF0AFB12F043" author="Spezzaferri, S. & Kucera, M. & Pearson, P. N. & Wade, B. S. & Rappo, S. & Poole, C. R. & Morard, R. & Stalder, C." box="[871,1155,1584,1607]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="0128108" refId="ref30043" refString="Spezzaferri, S., Kucera, M., Pearson, P. N., Wade, B. S., Rappo, S., Poole, C. R., Morard, R. & Stalder, C. 2015. Fossil and genetic evidence for the polyphyletic nature of the planktonic Foraminifera ' Globigerinoides ', and description of the new genus Trilobatus. PLoS ONE, 10, e 0128108." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Spezzaferri
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BFFFF0AFBB6F043" box="[1007,1063,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently reinvigorated this debate in their investigation into the polyphyletic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653B5CFF4BFC68F08C" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1927" box="[844,1017,1649,1672]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B5CFF4BFC68F08C" box="[844,1017,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Globigerinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232CAE653C7BFF4BFB5CF08C" box="[1131,1229,1649,1672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653D11FF4BFC05F0AC" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
possesses a relatively high-arched aperture and a difficult-to-ascertain wall texture,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673A29F987FF77F6F0" author="Spezzaferri, S. & Kucera, M. & Pearson, P. N. & Wade, B. S. & Rappo, S. & Poole, C. R. & Morard, R. & Stalder, C." pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="0128108" refId="ref30043" refString="Spezzaferri, S., Kucera, M., Pearson, P. N., Wade, B. S., Rappo, S., Poole, C. R., Morard, R. & Stalder, C. 2015. Fossil and genetic evidence for the polyphyletic nature of the planktonic Foraminifera ' Globigerinoides ', and description of the new genus Trilobatus. PLoS ONE, 10, e 0128108." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Spezzaferri
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673AD8F987FC97F6D0" box="[712,774,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed it in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739E4F9E6FDA9F6F0" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[500,568,220,244]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ruber">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739EDF9E7FDA9F6F0" box="[509,568,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">ruber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group’ (i.e. in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67388FF9C7FEDDF710" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1927" box="[159,332,253,276]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67388FF9C7FEDDF710" box="[159,332,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Globigerinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rather than in new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A87F9C7FC97F710" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Kucera, Pearson, Wade, Rappo, Poole, Morard & Stalder" authorityYear="2015" box="[663,774,253,276]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A87F9C7FC97F710" box="[663,774,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Trilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739A3F824FD8DF731" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[435,540,286,309]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739A3F824FD8DF731" box="[435,540,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plexus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A9CF824FC97F731" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[652,774,286,309]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A9CF824FD0AF731" box="[652,667,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673AA3F824FC97F731" box="[691,774,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67388FF804FEA6F751" box="[159,311,318,341]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67388FF804FF3FF751" box="[159,174,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6738D5F804FEA6F751" box="[197,311,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67396FF804FD9FF751" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[383,526,318,341]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67396FF804FE1FF751" box="[383,398,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739B5F804FD9FF751" box="[421,526,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) morphospecies were re-assigned. Placing the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739C3F864FDF8F771" box="[467,617,350,373]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739C3F864FDF8F771" box="[467,617,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE673A90F864FD73F771" box="[640,738,350,373]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67388FF845FEDDF792" authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1927" box="[159,332,383,406]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67388FF845FEDDF792" box="[159,332,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Globigerinoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739C6F845FDD4F792" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Kucera, Pearson, Wade, Rappo, Poole, Morard & Stalder" authorityYear="2015" box="[470,581,383,406]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739C6F845FDD4F792" box="[470,581,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Trilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
effected a radical change to the species concept because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A67F8A5FC9CF7B2" box="[631,781,415,438]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A67F8A5FC9CF7B2" box="[631,781,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been consistently associated with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A91F885FC9DF7D2" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[641,780,447,470]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A91F885FD01F7D2" box="[641,656,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673AB3F885FC9DF7D2" box="[675,780,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plexus in most works since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE6739F0F8DAFD78F7F3" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[480,745,480,503]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A key problem is that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE6739A5FB3AFD86F413" box="[437,535,512,535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673AA7FB3AFED2F433" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not adequately exemplify the morphospecies concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739AAFB7BFDC1F45C" box="[442,592,577,600]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739AAFB7BFDC1F45C" box="[442,592,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used by most authors (i.e. the concept of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE6739FDFB5BFC97F47C" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[493,774,609,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner and Blow [1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE67388FFBBBFF45F49C" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[159,212,641,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref23432" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1965. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d' Orbigny) and related forms: their" type="book" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673933FBBBFDE5F49C" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." box="[291,628,641,664]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan [1983]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673A83FBBBFEBFF4BD" author="Spezzaferri, S. & Kucera, M. & Pearson, P. N. & Wade, B. S. & Rappo, S. & Poole, C. R. & Morard, R. & Stalder, C." pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="0128108" refId="ref30043" refString="Spezzaferri, S., Kucera, M., Pearson, P. N., Wade, B. S., Rappo, S., Poole, C. R., Morard, R. & Stalder, C. 2015. Fossil and genetic evidence for the polyphyletic nature of the planktonic Foraminifera ' Globigerinoides ', and description of the new genus Trilobatus. PLoS ONE, 10, e 0128108." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Spezzaferri
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67388FFB98FF45F4BD" box="[159,212,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE6739F7FB98FDD8F4BD" box="[487,585,674,697]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
does not have a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67388FFBF8FE99F4DD" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[159,264,706,729]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67388FFBF8FE99F4DD" box="[159,264,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-type wall texture, yet this is considered one of the diagnostic characters for the whole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A92FBD8FC9DF4FD" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[642,780,738,761]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A92FBD8FD00F4FD" box="[642,657,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673AB3FBD8FC9DF4FD" box="[675,780,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plexus (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673923FA39FDA0F51E" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[307,561,771,794]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673A58FA39FDECF51E" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[584,637,771,794]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref23432" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1965. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d' Orbigny) and related forms: their" type="book" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673A84FA39FEC2F53E" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The illustrated
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE673A31FA19FD12F53E" box="[545,643,803,826]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673AA4FA19FED7F55E" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is not exceptionally preserved and the wall texture is somewhat ambiguous. It appears from the SEM reproduction in
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE6739C1FABEFDD0F59F" box="[465,577,900,923]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[159,226,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-0@27.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. Trilobatus sacculifer plexus, showing type specimens (A–D), morphological intergradation sequence and morphospecies exemplars (E–H). A, E, Trilobatus trilobus (Reuss, 1850); B, F, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); C, G, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); D, H, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, salt mine Wieliczka, near Krakow, Poland (umbilical view; neotype image reproduced from Rogl 2012, pl. 1, fig. 1). B, Telisa Shales, Tapoeng Kiri area, Rokan-Tapanoeli, Central Sumatra, Indonesia (umbilical view; holotype image reproduced from LeRoy 1939, pl. 3, fig. 19). C, Nussdorf (= Nubdorf), Rara, Vienna Basin, Austria (umbilical view; lectotype image reproduced from Papp & Schmid 1985, pl. 3, fig. 19). D, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea (umbilical view; lectotype of Banner & Blow 1960, image reproduced from Williams et al. 2006, pl. 1, fig. 1). E, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (umbilical view). F, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/ 03/60–62cm (umbilical view). G, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (umbilical view). H, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/25–27 cm (umbilical view). Scale bars = 100 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932461/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
to have variable wall texture, and in a re-examination of the specimen, evidence of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67392EFAFFFE36F5D8" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[318,423,965,988]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67392EFAFFFE36F5D8" box="[318,423,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-type texture has been identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6738ADFADFFDFAF5F8" authority="(Spezzaferri et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Spezzaferri" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[189,619,997,1020]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6738ADFADFFEC2F5F8" box="[189,339,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673974FADFFDF0F5F8" author="Spezzaferri, S. & Olsson, R. K. & Hemleben, C." box="[356,609,997,1020]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref29899" refString="Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K. & Hemleben, C. 2018. Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene to lower Miocene Globigerinoides and Trilobatus. Pp. 269 - 306 in B. S. Wade, R. K. Olsson, P. N. Pearson, B. T. Huber & W. A. Berggren (eds) Atlas of Oligocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation of Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 46." type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Spezzaferri
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739F9FADFFD8AF5F8" box="[489,539,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus re-aligning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6738DCFD3CFEF3F219" box="[204,354,1030,1053]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6738DCFD3CFEF3F219" box="[204,354,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739C2FD3CFDCDF219" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[466,604,1030,1053]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739C2FD3CFE70F219" box="[466,481,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739E3FD3CFDCDF219" box="[499,604,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plexus. It is of note that other specimens with a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A0DFD1CFD22F239" box="[541,691,1062,1085]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A0DFD1CFD22F239" box="[541,691,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology clearly show a markedly cancellate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A8BFD7CFC95F259" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[667,772,1094,1117]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A8BFD7CFC95F259" box="[667,772,1094,1117]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- type texture (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673968FD5CFDCEF279" author="Stewart, D. R. M. & Pearson, P. N. & Ditchfield, P. W. & Singano, J. M." box="[376,607,1126,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="173 - 189" refId="ref30231" refString="Stewart, D. R. M., Pearson, P. N., Ditchfield, P. W. & Singano, J. M. 2004. Miocene tropical Indian Ocean temperatures: evidence from three exceptionally preserved foraminiferal assemblages from Tanzania. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 40, 173 - 189." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Stewart
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739CAFD5CFD82F279" box="[474,531,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. E [exceptionally preserved Tanzanian specimen]; Rogl 2012, pl. 3, fig. 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DBFC4CEC232CAE65388FFFD6FDCEF168" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10932453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932453/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" startId="21.[159,226,1772,1793]" targetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232CAE65388FFFD6FDCEF168" blockId="21.[159,1467,1772,1901]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE65388FFFD6FE17F105" bold="true" box="[159,390,1772,1794]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232CAE65388FFFD6FE10F105" box="[159,385,1772,1794]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[159,226,1639,1660]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@16.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Incipient protuberance development in Pleistocene to modern Trilobatus sacculifer. A–L, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (A, D, F, J, spiral view; B, E, G, K, umbilical view), in B note lobate sac-like chamber, in E note thin final sac-like chamber with different wall texture appearance relative to rest of test; C; detail of wall texture including spine holes; H, detail of two incipient protuberances; I, contrasting wall texture appearance in thinner final sac-like chamber with smooth topography, and penultimate chamber with well-developed sacculifer-like texture and spine holes; L, detail of wall texture showing raised spine bases); M, Barbados, Caribbean Sea, specimen cultured after plankton net collection (umbilical view; reproduced from Brummer et al. 1987, pl. 1, fig. 14); N, Barbados, Caribbean Sea, specimen cultured after SCUBA dive collection (umbilical view; reproduced from B́e et al. 1982, fig. 12); O, P, Barbados, Caribbean Sea, specimens cultured after SCUBA dive collection (umbilical view; note multiple incipient protuberances; reproduced from of Hemleben et al. 1987, pl. 2, figs 11, 12). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except close-up images (I–L) where scale bars = 20Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932449/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Figure 12. A–C, F–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653980FFD6FCC8F105" authority="(Schubert, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Schubert" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[400,857,1772,1793]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoidesella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="fistulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653980FFD6FD3BF105" box="[400,682,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Globigerinoidesella fistulosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653AAAFFD6FCC1F105" author="Schubert, R. J." box="[698,848,1772,1793]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="318 - 328" refId="ref29694" refString="Schubert, R. J. 1910. Uber ¨ Foraminiferen und einen Fischotolithen aus dem fossilen Globigerinenschlamm von Neu-Guinea. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 14, 318 - 328." type="journal article" year="1910">Schubert, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B79FFD6FC30F105" bold="true" box="[873,929,1772,1793]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">D, E,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232CAE653BBCFFD6FA9CF105" authority="(Brady, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[940,1293,1772,1793]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BBCFFD6FBE6F105" box="[940,1143,1772,1793]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Trilobatus sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232CAE653C98FFD6FA92F105" author="Brady, H. B." box="[1160,1283,1772,1793]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" pagination="534 - 536" refId="ref24385" refString="Brady, H. B. 1877. Supplementary note on the Foraminifera of the Chalk (?) of the New Britain Group. Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade 2, 4, 534 - 536." type="journal article" year="1877">Brady, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653D0CFFD6FAC1F105" bold="true" box="[1308,1360,1772,1794]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">A–C,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232CAE653D4BFFD6FA1AF105" box="[1371,1419,1772,1793]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 926,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D47D286232CAE6538C3FE3DFE9AF118" box="[211,267,1799,1820]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Ceara</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rise, western tropical Atlantic; 7H/05/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232CAE653A85FE3DFD60F118" box="[661,753,1799,1821]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" unit="cm" value="28.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="27.0">27–29 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B13FE3DFC8AF118" bold="true" box="[771,795,1799,1820]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">A,</emphasis>
|
||
umbilical view;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653BD8FE3DFC6EF118" bold="true" box="[968,1023,1799,1820]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">B, C,</emphasis>
|
||
spiral view);
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C9FFE3DFB4DF118" bold="true" box="[1167,1244,1799,1821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">F–I, K,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232CAE653CF6FE3DFA87F118" box="[1254,1302,1799,1820]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 926,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D47D286232CAE653D93FE3DFA2AF118" box="[1411,1467,1799,1820]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Ceara</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rise, western tropical Atlantic; 8H/02/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232CAE653A34FE18FD11F133" box="[548,640,1825,1847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" unit="cm" value="53.0" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="52.0">52–54 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653A84FE18FD76F133" bold="true" box="[660,743,1826,1847]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">F, I, K,</emphasis>
|
||
umbilical view;
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B88FE18FC44F133" bold="true" box="[920,981,1826,1847]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">G, H,</emphasis>
|
||
spiral view);
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653C78FE18FB0AF133" bold="true" box="[1128,1179,1826,1847]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">J, L,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232CAE653CB7FE18FB46F133" box="[1191,1239,1826,1847]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 926,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D47D286232CAE653D57FE18FAEEF133" box="[1351,1407,1826,1847]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Ceara</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rise, western tropical Atlantic; 7H/05/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232CAE6539FAFE06FDD7F155" box="[490,582,1852,1874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" unit="cm" value="28.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="27.0">27–29 cm</quantity>
|
||
(umbilical view).
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232CAE653B18FE06FCD0F155" bold="true" box="[776,833,1852,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">D, E,</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="E99284A1232CAE653B5DFE06FCECF155" box="[845,893,1852,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">ODP</collectionCode>
|
||
Site 926,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D47D286232CAE653BFFFE06FBB6F155" box="[1007,1063,1852,1873]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009">Ceara</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rise, western tropical Atlantic; 7H/05/
|
||
<quantity id="487BB181232CAE65388FFE6DFF6AF168" box="[159,251,1879,1901]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="2009" unit="cm" value="28.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="27.0">27–29 cm</quantity>
|
||
(spiral view). Scale bars = 200 Lm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232EAE6738A9FDFDFEF3F3E5" blockId="23.[159,781,189,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
An additional minor factor to consider is that the generally larger size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67399BFDD2FD87F2FB" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[395,534,1256,1279]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67399BFDD2FE0BF2FB" box="[395,410,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739BDFDD2FD87F2FB" box="[429,534,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A45FDD2FC9CF2FB" box="[597,781,1256,1279]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A45FDD2FDF5F2FB" box="[597,612,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A67FDD2FC9CF2FB" box="[631,781,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673928FC32FE5CF31B" box="[312,461,1288,1311]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673928FC32FED6F31B" box="[312,327,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67394BFC32FE5CF31B" box="[347,461,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A1FFC32FD14F31B" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[527,645,1288,1311]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A1FFC32FD8FF31B" box="[527,542,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A22FC32FD14F31B" box="[562,645,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
means that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6738D9FC12FEEFF33B" box="[201,382,1320,1343]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6738D9FC12FF49F33B" box="[201,216,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6738F8FC12FEEFF33B" box="[232,382,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6739A7FC12FDAEF33B" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[439,575,1320,1343]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739A7FC12FE57F33B" box="[439,454,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6739C6FC12FDAEF33B" box="[470,575,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wall textures may appear less coarsely cancellate than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A84FC73FF50F384" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A84FC73FD32F364" box="[660,675,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673AA4FC73FF50F384" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673910FC53FEE5F384" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[256,372,1385,1408]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673910FC53FE9EF384" box="[256,271,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673931FC53FEE5F384" box="[289,372,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We provide further evidence for a cancellate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67390DFCB3FE17F3A4" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[285,390,1417,1440]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67390DFCB3FE17F3A4" box="[285,390,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE67399DFCB3FE2CF3A4" box="[397,445,1417,1440]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">type</typeStatus>
|
||
wall texture for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673A96FCB3FF48F3C5" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673A96FCB3FD04F3A4" box="[646,661,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673AB8FCB3FF48F3C5" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673917FC90FEEBF3C5" box="[263,378,1450,1473]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[159,226,1701,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Typical Trilobatus immaturus and intergradation with Trilobatus quadrilobatus. A–K, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); L–N, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846). A–C, I–K, ODP Site 926, Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic, 11H/04/ 50–52 cm (A, B, umbilical view; C, detail wall texture and infilled pores; I, spiral view; J, detail of final chamber wall texture; compare with K, detail of penultimate chamber where primary wall texture is obscured by thick gametogenic calcite); D–H, GLOW- 3, south-west Indian Ocean (D, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip on first supplementary aperture; E, H, umbilical view; F, G, spiral view). L–N, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (L, spiral view; M, umbilical view; N, detail of wall texture including clear spine holes). Scale bars = 100Lm, except for close-up images C, D, J, K, N, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932439/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figs 7N</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE6739B6FC90FE54F3C5" box="[422,453,1450,1473]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), confirming its place within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE6738FCFCF0FECAF3E5" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Kucera, Pearson, Wade, Rappo, Poole, Morard & Stalder" authorityYear="2015" box="[236,347,1482,1505]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE6738FCFCF0FECAF3E5" box="[236,347,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Trilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232EAE6738A9FCD0FAC0F49C" blockId="23.[159,781,189,1731]" lastBlockId="23.[844,1467,189,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
It appears that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE6739B5FCD0FD96F005" box="[421,519,1514,1537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen selected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE67388FFF30FE36F025" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." box="[159,423,1546,1569]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
may not have been a ‘typical’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE67388FFF11FEA4F046" box="[159,309,1579,1602]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE67388FFF11FEA4F046" box="[159,309,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotype based on the widely used concept from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673951FF71FD1FF066" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." box="[321,654,1611,1634]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We agree with previous authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE6739A1FF51FDA0F086" author="Todd, R." box="[433,561,1643,1666]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="121 - 122" refId="ref30429" refString="Todd, R. 1961. On selection of lectotypes and neotypes. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1961">Todd 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673A59FF51FD70F086" author="Bandy, O. L." box="[585,737,1643,1666]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref23234" refString="Bandy, O. L. 1964 a. Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation. Micropaleontology, 10, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1964">Bandy 1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE67388FFFB6FEA3F0A7" author="Jenkins, D. G." box="[159,306,1676,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref26856" refString="Jenkins, D. G. 1966. Planktonic foraminifera from the type Aquitanian - Burdigalian of France. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 17, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1966">Jenkins 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673958FFB6FE70F0A7" author="Fleisher, R. L." box="[328,481,1676,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref25762" refString="Fleisher, R. L. 1974. Cenozoic planktonic foraminifera and biostratigraphy, Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 23 A. Pp. 1001 - 1072 in R. B. Whitmarsh, O. E. Weser, D. A. Ross, S. Ali, J. E. Boudreaux, R. L. Fleisher, D. Jipa, R. B. Kidd, T. K. Mallik, A. Matter, C. Nigrini, H. N. Siddiquie & P. Stoffers (eds) Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 23." type="book" year="1974">Fleisher 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE6739E8FFB6FC95F0A7" author="Bolli, H. M. & Saunders, J. B." box="[504,772,1676,1699]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref24212" refString="Bolli, H. M. & Saunders, J. B. 1985. Oligocene to Holocene low latitude planktic foraminifera. Pp. 155 - 262 in H. M. Bolli, J. B. Saunders & K. Perch-Nielsen (eds) Plankton stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge." type="book" year="1985">Bolli & Saunders 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE673900FF96FEE3F0C7" box="[272,370,1708,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE6739A1FF96FD43F0C7" author="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H." box="[433,722,1708,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref23335" refString="Banner, F. T. & Blow, W. H. 1960. Some primary types of species belonging to the superfamily Globigerinaceae. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 11, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Banner & Blow (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and replacement
|
||
<typeStatus id="5038A2C6232EAE673BCFF987FBD0F6D0" box="[991,1089,189,212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673C68F987FA1AF6D0" author="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E." box="[1144,1419,189,212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="1 - 311" refId="ref28529" refString="Papp, A. & Schmid, M. E. 1985. Die fossilen Foraminiferen des terti ¨ aren Beckens von Wien: Revision der Monographie von Alcide d' Orbigny (1846). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 37, 1 - 311." type="journal article" year="1985">Papp & Schmid (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673B5CF9E7FC73F6F0" box="[844,994,221,244]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CF9E7FC73F6F0" box="[844,994,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not have been conspecific with d’ Orbigny’ s (1846) original (and sparse) concept. However, it is also evident from our observations and those of other workers (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673C87F804FAE3F751" author="Stewart, D. R. M. & Pearson, P. N. & Ditchfield, P. W. & Singano, J. M." box="[1175,1394,318,341]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" pagination="173 - 189" refId="ref30231" refString="Stewart, D. R. M., Pearson, P. N., Ditchfield, P. W. & Singano, J. M. 2004. Miocene tropical Indian Ocean temperatures: evidence from three exceptionally preserved foraminiferal assemblages from Tanzania. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 40, 173 - 189." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Stewart
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CE5F804FABBF751" box="[1269,1322,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rogl 2012) that a 3.5–4-chambered morphotype with a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673D65F864FCE9F792" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D65F864FCE9F792" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-type wall texture exists. This morphotype is not consistent with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C39F8A5FB0DF7B2" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Olsson, & Hemleben" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1065,1180,415,438]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="trilobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C39F8A5FBA9F7B2" box="[1065,1080,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C59F8A5FB0DF7B2" box="[1097,1180,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">trilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673CBEF8A5FAD0F7B2" box="[1198,1345,415,438]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CBEF8A5FB2CF7B2" box="[1198,1213,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CDFF8A5FAD0F7B2" box="[1231,1345,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673D7DF8A5FC03F7D2" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D7DF8A5FAEDF7B2" box="[1389,1404,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D9EF8A5FC03F7D2" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
descriptions and concepts, yet clearly intergrades with these other plexus members and is closely related. We consider this morphotype to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673D10FB3AFA2AF413" box="[1280,1467,512,535]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D10FB3AFA9EF413" box="[1280,1295,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D35FB3AFA2AF413" box="[1317,1467,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673B45FB1AFC40F433" box="[853,977,544,568]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[159,226,1701,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Typical Trilobatus immaturus and intergradation with Trilobatus quadrilobatus. A–K, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); L–N, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846). A–C, I–K, ODP Site 926, Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic, 11H/04/ 50–52 cm (A, B, umbilical view; C, detail wall texture and infilled pores; I, spiral view; J, detail of final chamber wall texture; compare with K, detail of penultimate chamber where primary wall texture is obscured by thick gametogenic calcite); D–H, GLOW- 3, south-west Indian Ocean (D, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip on first supplementary aperture; E, H, umbilical view; F, G, spiral view). L–N, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (L, spiral view; M, umbilical view; N, detail of wall texture including clear spine holes). Scale bars = 100Lm, except for close-up images C, D, J, K, N, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932439/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figs 7L–N</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673BF7FB1AFBB9F433" box="[999,1064,544,568]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">8A–K</figureCitation>
|
||
). We therefore follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673D51FB1AFC46F45C" author="Spezzaferri, S. & Olsson, R. K. & Hemleben, C." pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref29899" refString="Spezzaferri, S., Olsson, R. K. & Hemleben, C. 2018. Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene to lower Miocene Globigerinoides and Trilobatus. Pp. 269 - 306 in B. S. Wade, R. K. Olsson, P. N. Pearson, B. T. Huber & W. A. Berggren (eds) Atlas of Oligocene Planktonic Foraminifera. Cushman Foundation of Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 46." type="journal volume" year="2018">
|
||
Spezzaferri
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CFB7BFCEEF45C" box="[844,895,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and refer the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C6AFB7BFA81F45C" box="[1146,1296,577,600]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C6AFB7BFA81F45C" box="[1146,1296,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphospecies (i.e. the concept of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB126195232EAE673C26FB5BFA11F47C" author="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S." box="[1078,1408,609,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" refId="ref27126" refString="Kennett, J. P. & Srinivasan, M. S. 1983. Neogene planktonic Foraminifera, a phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kennett & Srinivasan [1983]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and that of this study) to the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673CCBFBBBFADBF49C" authorityName="Spezzaferri, Kucera, Pearson, Wade, Rappo, Poole, Morard & Stalder" authorityYear="2015" box="[1243,1354,641,664]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CCBFBBBFADBF49C" box="[1243,1354,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Trilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232EAE673B77FB9BFC7FF29A" blockId="23.[844,1467,189,1731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
The SEM illustrations highlight the intergradation between both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673BE8FBF8FB02F4DD" box="[1016,1171,706,729]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673BE8FBF8FB96F4DD" box="[1016,1031,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C0EFBF8FB02F4DD" box="[1054,1171,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C84FBF8FB0CF4DD" box="[1172,1181,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">-</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C8DFBF8FACCF4DD" box="[1181,1373,706,729]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C8DFBF8FB3DF4DD" box="[1181,1196,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CD3FBF8FACCF4DD" box="[1219,1373,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673DB5FBF8FC77F4FD" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673DB5FBF8FA25F4DD" box="[1445,1460,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CFBD8FC77F4FD" box="[844,998,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673BF7FBD8FC61F4FD" box="[999,1008,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">-</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673BE1FBD8FBEFF4FD" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1009,1150,738,761]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673BE1FBD8FB91F4FD" box="[1009,1024,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C01FBD8FBEFF4FD" box="[1041,1150,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673D4AFBD8FC21F51D" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D4AFBD8FAF8F4FD" box="[1370,1385,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D6BFBD8FC21F51D" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen in
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673C72FA38FB6AF51D" box="[1122,1275,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[159,226,1701,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Typical Trilobatus immaturus and intergradation with Trilobatus quadrilobatus. A–K, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); L–N, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846). A–C, I–K, ODP Site 926, Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic, 11H/04/ 50–52 cm (A, B, umbilical view; C, detail wall texture and infilled pores; I, spiral view; J, detail of final chamber wall texture; compare with K, detail of penultimate chamber where primary wall texture is obscured by thick gametogenic calcite); D–H, GLOW- 3, south-west Indian Ocean (D, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip on first supplementary aperture; E, H, umbilical view; F, G, spiral view). L–N, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (L, spiral view; M, umbilical view; N, detail of wall texture including clear spine holes). Scale bars = 100Lm, except for close-up images C, D, J, K, N, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932439/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 7L–N</figureCitation>
|
||
is intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673BABFA19FBC8F53E" box="[955,1113,803,826]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673BABFA19FC5BF53E" box="[955,970,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673BF4FA19FBC8F53E" box="[996,1113,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673CB7FA19FAFBF53E" box="[1191,1386,803,826]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CB7FA19FB27F53E" box="[1191,1206,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CC0FA19FAFBF53E" box="[1232,1386,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D6EFA19FC03F55E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A6C47D0D232EAE673D6EFA19FC03F55E" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, as it has a relatively high chamber expansion rate in the final whorl compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673CEDFA5EFA2BF57F" box="[1277,1466,868,891]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CEDFA5EFA9DF57F" box="[1277,1292,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D30FA5EFA2BF57F" box="[1312,1466,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CFABEFC4FF59F" box="[844,990,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A6C47D0D232EAE673B5CFABEFC4FF59F" box="[844,990,900,923]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673BE6FABEFBE0F59F" box="[1014,1137,899,923]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Fig. 8A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the prominence of the fourth chamber as well as the larger size is used to distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C74FAFEFA91F5DF" box="[1124,1280,964,987]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C74FAFEFBE2F5DF" box="[1124,1139,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C9BFAFEFA91F5DF" box="[1163,1280,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As the forms intergrade, this delimitation is arbitrary, but through using a combination of chamber expansion rate, prominence of fourth chamber, size, and similarity to our suggested morphospecies exemplars (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673D4EFD7CFA20F259" box="[1374,1457,1094,1117]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="28.[159,226,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-0@27.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. Trilobatus sacculifer plexus, showing type specimens (A–D), morphological intergradation sequence and morphospecies exemplars (E–H). A, E, Trilobatus trilobus (Reuss, 1850); B, F, Trilobatus immaturus (LeRoy, 1939); C, G, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); D, H, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, salt mine Wieliczka, near Krakow, Poland (umbilical view; neotype image reproduced from Rogl 2012, pl. 1, fig. 1). B, Telisa Shales, Tapoeng Kiri area, Rokan-Tapanoeli, Central Sumatra, Indonesia (umbilical view; holotype image reproduced from LeRoy 1939, pl. 3, fig. 19). C, Nussdorf (= Nubdorf), Rara, Vienna Basin, Austria (umbilical view; lectotype image reproduced from Papp & Schmid 1985, pl. 3, fig. 19). D, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea (umbilical view; lectotype of Banner & Blow 1960, image reproduced from Williams et al. 2006, pl. 1, fig. 1). E, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (umbilical view). F, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/ 03/60–62cm (umbilical view). G, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (umbilical view). H, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/25–27 cm (umbilical view). Scale bars = 100 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932461/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) it is possible to delimit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673CB7FD5CFADAF279" box="[1191,1355,1126,1149]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="immaturus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CB7FD5CFB27F279" box="[1191,1206,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CC6FD5CFADAF279" box="[1238,1355,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">immaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673DB5FD5CFC77F29A" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673DB5FD5CFA25F279" box="[1445,1460,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CFDBDFC77F29A" box="[844,998,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3C1C64232EAE693B77FD9DFE38F6F0" blockId="23.[844,1467,189,1731]" lastBlockId="25.[159,781,189,244]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="2013" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
The transition between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C65FD9DFABEF2BA" box="[1141,1327,1191,1214]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C65FD9DFB15F2BA" box="[1141,1156,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C86FD9DFABEF2BA" box="[1174,1327,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673D7CFD9DFC02F2DA" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D7CFD9DFAEAF2BA" box="[1388,1403,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D9DFD9DFC02F2DA" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673C4BFDFDFB2AF2DA" box="[1115,1211,1223,1246]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
. The forms in
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673D63FDFDFC1FF2FA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 8A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
are considered the morphospecies exemplars for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673B5CFC32FB94F31B" box="[844,1029,1288,1311]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CFC32FCCAF31B" box="[844,859,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B7CFC32FB94F31B" box="[876,1029,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whilst
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673C72FC32FB61F31B" box="[1122,1264,1287,1311]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 8H–P</figureCitation>
|
||
show progressive flattening and extension of the final chamber. The specimens in
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673BF5FC72FBE7F35B" box="[997,1142,1352,1376]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 8H–K</figureCitation>
|
||
do not show significant flattening of the final chamber and are regarded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673DB5FC53FC74F3A4" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673DB5FC53FA25F384" box="[1445,1460,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673B5CFCB3FC74F3A4" box="[844,997,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673C4DFCB3FB7AF3A4" box="[1117,1259,1416,1440]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Figure 8L–P</figureCitation>
|
||
are considered to have final chamber flattened enough to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673D20FC93FA2AF3C4" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1328,1467,1449,1472]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D20FC93FAAEF3C4" box="[1328,1343,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D5FFC93FA2AF3C4" box="[1359,1467,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673B98FCF0FC4BF3E5" box="[904,986,1482,1505]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Fig. 8P</figureCitation>
|
||
is considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C95FCF0FA83F3E5" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1157,1298,1482,1505]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C95FCF0FB05F3E5" box="[1157,1172,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CB6FCF0FA83F3E5" box="[1190,1298,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D0DFCF0FA3AF3E5" box="[1309,1451,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A6C47D0D232EAE673D0DFCF0FA3AF3E5" box="[1309,1451,1482,1505]" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). There is also a tendency towards higher arched primary apertures and the development of a bordering imperforate lip. Although some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673C67FF11FAA9F046" box="[1143,1336,1579,1602]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="quadrilobatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C67FF11FB17F046" box="[1143,1158,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673C8FFF11FAA9F046" box="[1183,1336,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">quadrilobatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens also possess an imperforate lip (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E1232EAE673D01FF71FAF9F066" box="[1297,1384,1611,1634]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[159,226,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[157,1464,169,1923]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Typical Trilobatus quadrilobatus and intergradation with Trilobatus sacculifer. A–K, Trilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny, 1846); L–P, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A, B, E, F, G–K, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (A, E–I, K, umbilical view; B, detail of wall texture, including spine holes, infilled pores, broadened interpore ridges; J, detail of wall texture and imperforate lip developed on primary aperture); C, D, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (C, umbilical view; D, spiral view). L–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62 cm (L–P, umbilical view; for L note slight chamber flattening compared with I–K). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except for close-up images B and J, where scale bars = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932443/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
), it is infrequent. In contrast, almost all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="488367E7232EAE673CCDFF51FAFCF086" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1245,1389,1643,1666]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673CCDFF51FB7DF086" box="[1245,1260,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BDF7C076232EAE673D11FF51FAFCF086" box="[1281,1389,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="2011">sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens possess a prominent lip (it is a defining character), and even regularly possess a lip on the first supplementary aperture on the spiral side as well (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E12320AE6938B8F9E7FE90F6F0" box="[168,257,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[159,226,1708,1729]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Morphological variation in the final sac-like chamber(s) of Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877). A–G, I, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/25–27 cm (A, B, I, spiral view, in A note elongated sac-like chamber; C–G, umbilical view, in D note kummerform sac-like chamber, in F note large, asymmetrical aperture with surrounding imperforate area); H, J–P, ODP Site 871, Limalok Guyot, Marshall Islands, equatorial Pacific 3H/03/60–62cm (H, J–N umbilical view, in J note lobate sac-like chamber, in K note kummerform sac-like chamber, in L–N note two sac-like chambers; O, P, spiral view; note three sac-like chambers); Q, R, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (cross sectional view of wall, showing relict spines embedded within wall and chamber layers). Scale bars: A–P = 100 Lm; Q, R = 20 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932445/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2013">Figs 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E12320AE69391FF9E7FEAEF6F0" box="[271,319,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[159,226,1639,1660]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-0@16.[159,1466,188,1942]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Incipient protuberance development in Pleistocene to modern Trilobatus sacculifer. A–L, GLOW-3, south-west Indian Ocean (A, D, F, J, spiral view; B, E, G, K, umbilical view), in B note lobate sac-like chamber, in E note thin final sac-like chamber with different wall texture appearance relative to rest of test; C; detail of wall texture including spine holes; H, detail of two incipient protuberances; I, contrasting wall texture appearance in thinner final sac-like chamber with smooth topography, and penultimate chamber with well-developed sacculifer-like texture and spine holes; L, detail of wall texture showing raised spine bases); M, Barbados, Caribbean Sea, specimen cultured after plankton net collection (umbilical view; reproduced from Brummer et al. 1987, pl. 1, fig. 14); N, Barbados, Caribbean Sea, specimen cultured after SCUBA dive collection (umbilical view; reproduced from B́e et al. 1982, fig. 12); O, P, Barbados, Caribbean Sea, specimens cultured after SCUBA dive collection (umbilical view; note multiple incipient protuberances; reproduced from of Hemleben et al. 1987, pl. 2, figs 11, 12). Scale bars = 100 Lm, except close-up images (I–L) where scale bars = 20Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932449/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2013">10C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="17B800E12320AE69395CF9E7FE09F6F0" box="[332,408,221,244]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1719,1740]" captionTargetBox="[159,1466,184,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-0@18.[159,1466,184,1938]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 11. Trilobatus sacculifer with incipient protuberances and intergradation with Globigerinoidesella fistulosa. A–J, Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877); K–P, Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (Schubert, 1910). A–J, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 10H/04/127–129cm (A, D, J, umbilical view, in A note kummerform final sac-like chamber; B, C, H, I, spiral view, in B note kummerform final sac-like chamber); E–G, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/25–27cm (E, umbilical view; F, G, spiral view). K, L, O, P, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 10H/04/127–129 cm (K, spiral view; L, umbilical view; note multiple small protuberances and broad flattened final chamber; O, P, umbilical view); M, N, ODP Site 1115, Woodlark Basin, western Pacific; 11H/04/25–27 cm (umbilical view). Scale bars = 100 Lm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10932451/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2013">11B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |