318 lines
38 KiB
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318 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249161" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-31-119" ID-Pensoft-UUID="632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574808" ID-ZooBank="10404A9C126A44C8BD485DB72CD3E3FF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-31-119" checkinTime="1621552913932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lenhart, Paul A., Dash, Shawn T. & Mackay, William P." docDate="2013" docId="072A9B13DC02B610B0FFEC13ABC52D45" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31" docPubDate="2013-03-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335" docTitle="Dinoponera quadriceps Kempf 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7" masterDocTitle="A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="119" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1643538942448" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lenhart, Paul A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, Texas USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dash, Shawn T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mackay, William P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2013-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>31</mods:number>
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<mods:start>119</mods:start>
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<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-31-119</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:072A9B13DC02B610B0FFEC13ABC52D45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/072A9B13DC02B610B0FFEC13ABC52D45" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Dinoponera_quadriceps" authority="Kempf" authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinoponera quadriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">Dinoponera quadriceps Kempf</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Figs 4B, G, L</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11666" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">, 5A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic drawing of generalized Dinoponera male genitalia in situ; genitalia capsule and disarticulated aedeagus, volsella and parameres." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11667" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">, 6A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">, 10A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dinoponera rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11672" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">, 11A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12. " captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Worker head, oblique antero-lateral view illustrating microsculpturing difference. A Dinoponera mutica (this smooth integument type is also found in Dinoponera lucida, Dinoponera longipes and Dinoponera hispida) B Dinoponera quadriceps (this rough integument type is also found in Dinoponera gigantea and Dinoponera australis)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11673" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">, 12B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution map of Dinoponera species. Symbols in black are records added by this study; open symbols are from literature sources (Kempf 1971, 1975, Araujo et al. 1990, Peeters et al. 1999, Monnin and Peeters 1999, Fourcassie and Oliviera 2002, Monnin et al. 2003, Mariano et al. 2004, Araujo and Rodriques 2006, Marques-Silva et al. 2006)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11674" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">, 13</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">Dinoponera quadriceps</taxonomicName>
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Kempf, 1971: 380, first available use of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guérin-Méneville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Dinoponera grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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st.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">mutica</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">quadriceps</emphasis>
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Santschi, 1921: 84; unavailable name, BRAZIL: Pernambuco:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lourenço">Lourenco</normalizedToken>
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da Mata, Tapera (NHMB, examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">Dinoponera mutica</taxonomicName>
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var. Mann, 1916, male
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gigantean" subSpecies="mutica">Dinoponera gigantean mutica</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">quadriceps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T" journalOrPublisher="Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="217 - 255" refId="B6" refString="Borgmeier, T, 1937. Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil. Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal 3: 217 - 255" title="Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil." volume="3" year="1937">Borgmeier 1937</bibRefCitation>
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male designated BRASIL: Pernambuca, Tapera.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Dinoponera opaca</taxonomicName>
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Santschi, 1921. Holotype worker BRAZIL: Rio Janeiro (Goeldi) (1 w NHMB, examined); junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="344 - 345" refId="B27" refString="Kempf, WW, 1975. Miscellaneous Studies on Neotropical Ants. VI. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 18: 344 - 345" title="Miscellaneous Studies on Neotropical Ants. VI. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="18" year="1975">Kempf 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 344
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="147" type="worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Worker diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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This species is recognized by its finely micro-sculptured integument which is not shiny (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12. " captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Worker head, oblique antero-lateral view illustrating microsculpturing difference. A Dinoponera mutica (this smooth integument type is also found in Dinoponera lucida, Dinoponera longipes and Dinoponera hispida) B Dinoponera quadriceps (this rough integument type is also found in Dinoponera gigantea and Dinoponera australis)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11673" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
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), rounded anterior inferior pronotal corner lacking a tooth-like process (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Features of Dinoponera workers. A Head, frontal view B-C Occiput of head, oblique antero-lateral view D-E Pronotum, lateral view F-H Petiole, lateral view. A-B Dinoponera longipes C Dinoponera hispida D Dinoponera gigantea. E-F Dinoponera mutica G Dinoponera hispida H Dinoponera lucida." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11662" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
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), ventral side of the head lacking any gular striations and long/flagellate pilosity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="28" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">Description of the worker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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Measurements (mm) (n=17) TBL: 28.09-33.73 (30.60); MDL: 4.10-5.05 (4.53); HL: 5.23-6.04 (5.58); HW: 5.33-5.97 (5.56); SL: 5.54-6.12 (5.80); WL: 7.38-9.03 (8.20); PL: 2.26-2.68 (2.50); PH: 3.06-3.52 (3.26); PW: 1.64-1.99 (1.80); GL: 8.20-11.93 (9.80); HFL: 7.18-8.11 (7.65). A description of the worker is given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C" journalOrPublisher="Formicidae, Subfam. Ponerinae. In: Wytman, P., Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" refId="B13" refString="Emery, C, 1911. Hymenoptera, Fam. Formicidae, Subfam. Ponerinae. In: Wytman, P., Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 124 pp." title="Hymenoptera, Fam." year="1911">Emery 1911</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mann, WM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="399 - 490" refId="B30" refString="Mann, WM, 1916. The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 60: 399 - 490" title="The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil." volume="60" year="1916">Mann 1916</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T" journalOrPublisher="Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="217 - 255" refId="B6" refString="Borgmeier, T, 1937. Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil. Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal 3: 217 - 255" title="Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil." volume="3" year="1937">Borgmeier 1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf 1971</bibRefCitation>
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. Presented below is that of
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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"
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<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="28" pageNumber="147">
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Antennal scape notably longer than head width. Pubescence on front and vertex of head short and inconspicuous. Gular surface of head reticulate-punctate, subopaque, but lacking arcuate striae except for some cases when a few short and vestigial striae appear
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="148" start="start">antero-laterally</pageBreakToken>
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, just behind the mandibular insertion. Sides of head reticulate-punctate, subopaque. Antero-lateral corner of pronotum obtusely angulate (very seldom subdentate). Pronotal disc reticulate-punctate, subopaque, occasionally slightly wrinkled, bristle pits irregular in outline; paired swellings very faint and obsolete. Hind tarsus I longer than head length. Petiole
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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of distinctive shape, the anterior surface being slightly inclined forward and often a bit excavate; anterior upper corner narrowly, the posterior corner very broadly rounded; integument minutely reticulate-punctate and subopaque; sulcus on posterior surface always distinct. Terga I and II of gaster reticulate-punctate and opaque; piligerous pits for pubescence discally greatly scattered (in a few southern specimens from Bahia State, these pits are stronger and denser, almost as in gigantea); coarse bristle-bearing pits greatly scattered: pubescence rather scarce on dorsum, denser and more conspicuous on sides. Stridulatory file on tergum II of gaster weakly developed, arising from the anterior border of acrotergite and running streak-like across the anterior half of the same (visible only when acrotergite is fully exposed; observed in five specimens)
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</emphasis>
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."
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="148" type="male diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="148">Male diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="148">
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Males of this species are distinguished by the long fine setae of the second funicular segment (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="29" pageNumber="148">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
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), light brown coloration, long narrow parameres (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dinoponera rightbasiparamere / paramere of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11670" pageId="29" pageNumber="148">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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), volsella with two small basal teeth and lacking a lobe on the distal edge of digitus volsellaris (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="29" pageNumber="148">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="149" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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of the male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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Total length 21mm (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mann, WM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="399 - 490" refId="B30" refString="Mann, WM, 1916. The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 60: 399 - 490" title="The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil." volume="60" year="1916">Mann 1916</bibRefCitation>
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) 22 mm (
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<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T" journalOrPublisher="Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="217 - 255" refId="B6" refString="Borgmeier, T, 1937. Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil. Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal 3: 217 - 255" title="Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil." volume="3" year="1937">Borgmeier 1937</bibRefCitation>
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). A description of the male is given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C" journalOrPublisher="Formicidae, Subfam. Ponerinae. In: Wytman, P., Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" refId="B13" refString="Emery, C, 1911. Hymenoptera, Fam. Formicidae, Subfam. Ponerinae. In: Wytman, P., Genera Insectorum, Bruxelles, 124 pp." title="Hymenoptera, Fam." year="1911">Emery (1911)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mann, WM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="399 - 490" refId="B30" refString="Mann, WM, 1916. The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 60: 399 - 490" title="The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil." volume="60" year="1916">Mann (1916)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T" journalOrPublisher="Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="217 - 255" refId="B6" refString="Borgmeier, T, 1937. Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil. Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal 3: 217 - 255" title="Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil." volume="3" year="1937">Borgmeier (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Mann, WM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="399 - 490" refId="B30" refString="Mann, WM, 1916. The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 60: 399 - 490" title="The Stanford expedition to Brazil, 1911. John C. Branner, director. The ants of Brazil." volume="60" year="1916">Mann (1916)</bibRefCitation>
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described the male as follows:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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|
"
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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Head, including the mandibles, as broad as long, very convex behind. Eyes very large and long occupying the entire sides of head, the inner border deeply emarginate; ocelli very large and convex. Clypeus convex, the anterior border truncate. Mandibles small, pointed at apex, with a small tooth at middle of inner border. Antennae a little shorter than the body; first funicular joint twice as broad as long; joints 2-11 very long, cylindrical, each slightly shorter and more slender than the preceding. Thorax [= mesosoma] robust; scutellum short, triangular, broadly rounded at apex. Epinotum [= propodeum] evenly rounded, without distinct base or declivity, unarmed. Petiole nearly twice as long as broad, narrowed in front, with nearly straight sides; in profile longer than high, flattened above
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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the anterior slop gradual, more abruptly sloping behind, the antero-ventral surface with a broad, triangular projection. Gaster long and slender, the three times the breadth. Genitalia prominent; the valves board, rounded at apex; cerci long and slender
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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Wings large extending almost to the tip of gaster
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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Legs very long and slender
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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Body and legs shining. Antennae opaque, coarsely, densely punctured; sparsely pubescent, and having much very long, fine erect hairs, which on the apical joints are shorter and confined to the tips; pubescence of apical joint more dense than the rest. Thorax (=mesosoma) with long silky pubescence, most abundant on the pleurae, and very fine re erect hairs sparsely distributed node without pubescence, but with abundant erect hairs. Gaster with a thick mat of silky pubescence, shorter and finer than that of the thorax (=mesosoma); lateral and apical portions with fine erect hairs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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Color rufous, the antennal scape and the first five funicular joints fucous. Wings lightly infuscated, veins and stigma reddish brown. Pubescence yellowish white, exempt the long antennal hairs which are black
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</emphasis>
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."
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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To this
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<bibRefCitation author="Borgmeier, T" journalOrPublisher="Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="217 - 255" refId="B6" refString="Borgmeier, T, 1937. Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil. Archivos do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal 3: 217 - 255" title="Formigas novas ou pouco conhecidas da America do Sul e Central, principalmente do Brazil." volume="3" year="1937">Borgmeier (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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added that the petiole was "rounded on top", "the sting of the pygidium [=pygidial spine] long; subgential plate with apex slightly concave", and that the wings were 16mm long and "slightly yellowish".
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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noted the dorsum of the gaster lacked standing hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="149" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Description of the male genitalia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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Basal ring with wide, thin dorso-anterior loop structures; parameres distinctly long, narrow, rounded end, emarginated ventro-basal edge (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dinoponera rightbasiparamere / paramere of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11670" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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); cuspis volsellaris finger-like with few rounded bumps on medial face, digitus volsellaris broad cusp-like with numerous small circular bumps, 2 teeth at ventro-basal corner of volsella (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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); penis valve of aedeagus with lateral arm of apodeme at anterior border, slight ventral concavity under ridge at base of apodeme, distal edge wedge-shaped, proximal ventral edge of penal valve ending in anterior facing tooth, ventral edge with large dorso-laterally curved lip with serrated edge, serrations facing laterally on either side of dorsally curved lip (similar to penis valve in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dinoponera longipes male genitalia. A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11669" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11667" pageId="30" pageNumber="149" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Schematic drawing of generalized
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Dinoponera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male genitalia
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">in situ</emphasis>
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; genitalia capsule and disarticulated aedeagus, volsella and parameres.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="149">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is found in the Caatingas, Cerrados, upland humid forest and Atlantic forest (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf 1971</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Paiva, RVS" journalOrPublisher="Ethology Ecology and Evolution" pageId="39" pageNumber="158" pagination="297 - 312" publicationUrl="10.1080/08927014.1995.9522938" refId="B52" refString="Paiva, RVS, Brandao, CRF, 1995. Nests, worker population and reproductive status of workers, in the giant queenless ponerine ant Dinoponera Roger(Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology and Evolution 7: 297 - 312, 10.1080/08927014.1995.9522938" title="Nests, worker population and reproductive status of workers, in the giant queenless ponerine ant Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera Formicidae)." url="10.1080/08927014.1995.9522938" volume="7" year="1995">
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Paiva and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Brandão">Brandao</normalizedToken>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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) in the northeastern Brazilian states of Alagoas, Bahia,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
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, Paraiba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution map of Dinoponera species. Symbols in black are records added by this study; open symbols are from literature sources (Kempf 1971, 1975, Araujo et al. 1990, Peeters et al. 1999, Monnin and Peeters 1999, Fourcassie and Oliviera 2002, Monnin et al. 2003, Mariano et al. 2004, Araujo and Rodriques 2006, Marques-Silva et al. 2006)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11674" pageId="30" pageNumber="149">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="150" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
as characterized by
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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is maintained as a valid species by our analysis.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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may be confused with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, but has a finely micro-sculptured integument which is not shiny (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12. " captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Worker head, oblique antero-lateral view illustrating microsculpturing difference. A Dinoponera mutica (this smooth integument type is also found in Dinoponera lucida, Dinoponera longipes and Dinoponera hispida) B Dinoponera quadriceps (this rough integument type is also found in Dinoponera gigantea and Dinoponera australis)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11673" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
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), lacks gular striations and has a petiole which bulges on the dorso-anterior edge in contrast to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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's roughly microsculptured integument, striated gula and petiole with even, non-bulging corners (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Features of Dinoponera workers. A Head, frontal view B-C Occiput of head, oblique antero-lateral view D-E Pronotum, lateral view F-H Petiole, lateral view. A-B Dinoponera longipes C Dinoponera hispida D Dinoponera gigantea. E-F Dinoponera mutica G Dinoponera hispida H Dinoponera lucida." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11662" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
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We also agree with the synonymy of
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera opaca</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="344 - 345" refId="B27" refString="Kempf, WW, 1975. Miscellaneous Studies on Neotropical Ants. VI. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 18: 344 - 345" title="Miscellaneous Studies on Neotropical Ants. VI. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="18" year="1975">Kempf (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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after examination of the type.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differ in micro-sculpturing, gular striations and petiole shape. Distribution records show a distance of over 900 km between the two species, but if specimens are found with an integration of characters in the area of Tocantins and northern Goias than these species should be synonymized.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
|
|
BRAZIL, ALAGOAS: Pedra (1 w, viii.1939, A Muller, AMNH);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="CEARÁ">CEARA</normalizedToken>
|
|
:
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|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tianguá">Tiangua</normalizedToken>
|
|
(1 w, 6.iv.1972, JS Bowman, MCZC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PARÁ">PARA</normalizedToken>
|
|
:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Óbidos">Obidos</normalizedToken>
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(1 w, ii.1981, CWEM); Rio Tapajoz region (1 w, viii.1983, CWEM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Santarém">Santarem</normalizedToken>
|
|
(1 w, 20.v.1984, CWEM); PARAIBA: Independencia (1 w, 1 m, Mann and Heath, USNM, 2 w, LACM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
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Pessoa (4 w, 21.iv.1975, J Kesselring, CASC, 1 w, i.1976, BA Bkaul, CWEM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Pessoa forest of Gargau primary forest on ground 45m(1 w, 22.i.1981, G Ekis, MCZC); RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: Baixa Verde (2 w, WM Mann, USNM, 1 w, gift of Wheeler, MCZC); Ceara-Mirim (1 w, 1 m, WM Mann, USNM); Natal (6 w, WM Mann, AMNH, LACM, MCZC, USNM);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
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do Bonfim (1 w, 22.iii.1945, HT Dalinat, LACM);state not specified, North Piari (1 w, vi-vii.1944, L Parker, MCZC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |