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<document id="2F81300BCC66C6A6D9B6A6A879BF188C" ID-CLB-Dataset="28070" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4504.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e77b7f6-1f66-419f-ac40-0af683c6a574" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2606555" ID-ZooBank="0B5C532E-0601-44F3-83AB-9EC141C6718A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553584935681" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shults, Phillip &amp; Borkent, Art" docDate="2018" docId="03E76925FFE16E05FF6CFF3D5185F45C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4504.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4504 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides riethi Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="463" masterDocId="FFDE115DFFED6E09FFFBFFAA5404F272" masterDocTitle="Pupae of the Nearctic species of Culicoides Latreille subgenus Monoculicoides Khalaf (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="472" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="463" updateTime="1698712799667" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E02A52688E26DEBCFC4D58C5758B84EC">Pupae of the Nearctic species of Culicoides Latreille subgenus Monoculicoides Khalaf (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65B886A7D75114051FD7BD11FCEC7FC1">Shults, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="399CEBD209EAF4175036AC24C72E2898">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03E76925FFE16E05FF6CFF3D5185F45C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5955058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154495156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5955058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76925FFE16E05FF6CFF3D5185F45C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E76925FFE16E05FF6CFF3D5185F45C" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE16E05FF6CFF3D55BBF2C0" box="[151,447,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF6CFF3D55BBF2C0" blockId="12.[151,447,151,211]" box="[151,447,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<heading id="D0B96F5FFFE16E05FF6CFF3D55BBF2C0" bold="true" box="[151,447,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FF6CFF3D55BBF2C0" ID-CoL="8BP3H" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[151,447,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riethi">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF6CFF3D55BBF2C0" bold="true" box="[151,447,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF6CFF3D555AF2C3" bold="true" box="[151,350,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Culicoides riethi</emphasis>
Kieffer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE16E05FF6CFF105587F2A1" box="[151,387,186,211]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF6CFF105587F2A1" blockId="12.[151,447,151,211]" box="[151,387,186,211]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
(
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FF64FF1054E8F2A1" box="[159,236,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[252,1338,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[248,1338,205,1721]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of the pupae of Culicoides occidentalis (left) and C. riethi (right) in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606557/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FF01FF115519F2A1" box="[250,285,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FED2FF105548F2A1" box="[297,332,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male, lateral and ventral tubercles of abdominal segments 4, in dorsal view (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606567/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FEA3FF11557FF2A1" box="[344,379,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[266,1320,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female abdominal segments 89, in dorsal view. (A) Culicoides riethi. (B) C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606571/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">8A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE16E05FF6CFEA8518BF369" box="[151,1423,258,283]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF6CFEA8518BF369" blockId="12.[151,1437,258,1582]" box="[151,1423,258,283]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF6CFEA85515F369" bold="true" box="[151,273,258,283]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The only species of
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FE02FEA95608F368" box="[505,524,259,282]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FDD8FEA956D2F369" box="[547,726,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monoculicoides">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FDD8FEA956D2F369" box="[547,726,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Monoculicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with anterior portion of segment 9 greatly swollen (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FAD3FEA85186F369" box="[1320,1410,258,283]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[266,1320,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female abdominal segments 89, in dorsal view. (A) Culicoides riethi. (B) C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606571/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE16E05FF3CFE8C50F6F794" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF3CFE8C5674F1A8" blockId="12.[151,1437,258,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF3CFE8C55A0F34D" bold="true" box="[199,420,294,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Total length = 3.303.70 (3.5, 0.283 SD, n=2) mm. Medium brown coloration throughout (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FF64FEED54E5F312" box="[159,225,327,352]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[252,1338,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[248,1338,205,1721]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of the pupae of Culicoides occidentalis (left) and C. riethi (right) in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606557/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF01FEED5546F312" bold="true" box="[250,322,327,352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Head:</emphasis>
Dorsal apotome (DA) roughly 90% covered in uniform spicules (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FBD1FEED5086F312" box="[1066,1154,327,352]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). DA length = 0.320.33 (0.325, 0.007 SD, n=2) mm; DA width = 0.210.22 (0.215, 0.007 SD, n=2) mm; DAW/DAL= 0.6360.688 (0.662, 0.036 SD, n=2). DA1H apex extending past ventral margin of DA. CL1H about twice length of CL2H, CL 3H campaniform sensilla medial.
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FDC3FE06569EF3B7" bold="true" box="[568,666,428,453]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Thorax:</emphasis>
Cephalothorax length = 1.001.13 (1.08, 0.057 SD, n =2) mm. Respiratory organ (RO) elongate, slender, 12 subbasal pores, RO length = 0.210.26 (0.23, 0.016 SD, n=2) mm; RO width = 0.030.035 (0.030, 0.001 SD, n=2) mm; ROW/ROL = 0.1 10.15 (0.13, 0.01 SD, n=2), D5T short.
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF6CFDA55511F05A" bold="true" box="[151,277,527,552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergite 1 with long D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FDDEFDBA564EF05A" box="[549,586,528,552]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">3I</date>
, short D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FD47FDBA56E6F05A" box="[700,738,528,552]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">2I</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FCE9FDBA5732F055" box="[786,822,528,551]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">7I</date>
anterior, short D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FBF2FDBA502BF05A" box="[1033,1071,528,552]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">4I</date>
, and long, thin D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FAFDFDBA512EF05A" box="[1286,1322,528,552]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">9I</date>
separated medially by campaniform D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FE18FD9B5603F03B" box="[483,519,561,585]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">8I</date>
on short tubercle posteriorly, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FC83FD9B579AF03B" box="[888,926,561,585]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">2I</date>
, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FC31FD9B57EAF03B" box="[970,1006,561,585]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">3I</date>
short separated medially by long, thin L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FF42FDF954DFF019" box="[185,219,595,619]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">1I</date>
on lateral margin. Chaetotaxy, shagreen of tergite 2 similar to tergite 4, without elongate tubercles, minute L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FF43FDDE54E3F0FE" box="[184,231,628,652]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">2II</date>
, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FEE9FDDE5544F0FE" box="[274,320,628,652]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">4II</date>
separated medially by long, thin L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FD28FDDE5705F0FE" box="[723,769,628,652]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">3II</date>
on anterolateral margin. Chaetotaxy, shagreen of segment 3 similar to that of segment 4. Tergite 4 (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FDA7FD3F56B1F0DC" box="[604,693,661,686]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1794,1816]" captionTargetBox="[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[246,1340,184,1758]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male, lateral and ventral tubercles of abdominal segments 4, in dorsal view (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606567/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) with short D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FC9EFD3C5799F0DC" box="[869,925,662,686]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">2IV</date>
on short tubercle, thin D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FB2BFD3C510CF0DC" box="[1232,1288,662,686]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">3IV</date>
on elongate, pointed tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FE7FFD1C55BFF0BD" box="[388,443,694,719]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">5IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FE16FD1D5621F0BD" box="[493,549,695,719]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">4IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FDADFD1D568AF0BC" box="[598,654,695,718]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">7IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FD3BFD1D56F3F0BD" box="[704,759,695,719]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">8IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FCD2FD1D5765F0BD" box="[809,865,695,719]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">9IV</date>
in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally, minute D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FEEBFD7D554CF082" box="[272,328,727,752]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">5IV</date>
on slightly formed tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FD4FFD7256E9F082" box="[692,749,728,752]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">4IV</date>
on small tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FC12FD725025F09D" box="[1001,1057,728,751]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">7IV</date>
on small rounded tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FA79FD7254B0F163" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">8 IV</date>
, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FF1DFD50551AF160" box="[230,286,762,786]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">9IV</date>
each long on pointed tubercle, D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FD42FD5056F5F160" box="[697,753,762,786]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">8IV</date>
seta thicker than D
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FC11FD505027F160" box="[1002,1059,762,786]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">9IV</date>
; lateral tubercles with elongated apices, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FEEBFCB15543F141" box="[272,327,795,819]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">1IV</date>
thick seta on small bifurcate tubercle, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FCD4FCB1576CF141" box="[815,872,795,819]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">2IV</date>
, L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FC6DFCB157CAF141" box="[918,974,795,819]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">4IV</date>
thick setae, each on elongate, bifurcate tubercle, separated by thin L
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FE07FC965631F126" box="[508,565,828,852]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">3IV</date>
on elongate, bifurcate tubercle; sternite 4 with minute V
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FB09FC96512FF127" box="[1266,1323,828,853]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">5IV</date>
on small rounded tubercle, V
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FE7CFCF755BBF104" box="[391,447,861,886]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">6IV</date>
thin on pointed tubercle, small V
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FCB6FCF45781F107" box="[845,901,862,885]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">7IV</date>
on pointed tubercle, ventral setae in transverse row, shagreen along anterior margins, with lateral shagreen. Segments 57 with similar chaetotaxy, shagreen to that of segment 4. Segment 8 slightly swollen, with seven sensilla, with lateral shagreen. Segment 9 with anterior shagreen, anterior margin greatly swollen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF3CFC4856B3F6F2" blockId="12.[151,1437,258,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF3CFC48553EF189" bold="true" box="[199,314,994,1019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Female. S</emphasis>
imilar to male other than sexual differences on segment 9 and the following: total length = 3.503.94 (3.66, 0.241 SD, n=3) mm, DA length = 0.310.34 (0.32, 0.017 SD, n=3) mm, DA width = 0.210.23 (0.22, 0.01 SD, n=3) mm, DAW/DAL = 0.650.74 (0.689, 0.048 SD, n=3), Cephalothorax length = 1.351.40 (1.38, 0.025 SD, n=3) mm, RO length = 0.370.41 (0.387, 0.021 SD, n=3) mm, RO width = 0.050.06 (0.057, 0.006 SD, n=3) mm, ROW/ROL = 0.130.16 (0.147, 0.015 SD, n=3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF3CFB23512CF7EC" blockId="12.[151,1437,258,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF3CFB2355D2F6D0" bold="true" box="[199,470,1161,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
Pupae of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FDA8FB2056B1F6D3" box="[595,693,1161,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riethi">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FDA8FB2056B1F6D3" box="[595,693,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C. riethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are medium brown in coloration (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FBB5FB235090F6D0" box="[1102,1172,1161,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1747,1769]" captionTargetBox="[252,1338,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[248,1338,205,1721]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of the pupae of Culicoides occidentalis (left) and C. riethi (right) in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606557/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FA79FB20552DF6B7" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shemanchuki">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FA79FB20552DF6B7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C. shemanchuki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but have much more lateral shagreen than that species. The density of the spines on the DA (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FA94FB0754BEF698" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[248,1337,443,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[248,1339,439,1901]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female, dorsal apotomes, in anterior view. (A) Culicoides occidentalis. (B) C. riethi. (C) C. sonorensis. (D) C. variipennis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606561/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), abundance of lateral shagreen on all abdominal segments, and the swollen anterior most region of segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="1375C4B6FFE16E05FF64FB5F54F3F77C" box="[159,247,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[266,1320,193,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female abdominal segments 89, in dorsal view. (A) Culicoides riethi. (B) C. occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2606571/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
) make this the most distinctive species of
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FD25FB5C56F5F77F" box="[734,753,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C</emphasis>
. (
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FCF1FB5F57B9F77F" box="[778,957,1269,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monoculicoides">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FCF1FB5F57B9F77F" box="[778,957,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Monoculicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Like
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FBEAFB5C50C5F77F" box="[1041,1217,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FBEAFB5C50B9F77F" box="[1041,1213,1269,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">C. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
this species has an additional clypeal seta not seen in other members of the subgenus, although no specimen has been observed with a CL4H. The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FE58FA945600F727" box="[419,516,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riethi">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FE58FA945600F727" box="[419,516,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C. riethi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been redescribed by many authors since its original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FAB0FA9754E5F708" author="Kieffer, J. J." pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="231 - 241" refId="ref13570" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1914) Zwolf neue Culicoidinenarten. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde, 2 (Supplement), 231 - 241." type="journal article" year="1914">Kieffer (1914)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FF0BFACB5575F708" author="Rieth, J. T." box="[240,369,1377,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="377 - 442" refId="ref13996" refString="Rieth, J. T. (1915) Die Metamorphose der Culicoidinen (Ceratopogoninen). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 2 (Supplement), 377 - 442." type="journal article" year="1915">Rieth 1915</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FE86FACB5648F708" author="Thienemann, A." box="[381,588,1377,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="585 - 623" refId="ref14260" refString="Thienemann, A. (1928) Chironomiden-Metamorphosen I. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19, 585 - 623." type="journal article" year="1928">Thienemann 1928</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FDACFAC856E7F708" author="Mayer, K." box="[599,739,1378,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="205 - 288" refId="ref13801" refString="Mayer, K. (1934 a) Die Metamorphose der Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.). Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Systematik. Okologie und Biologie der Jugendstadien dieser Dipterenfamilie. Archiv fur Naturgeschicthe, 3, 205 - 288." type="journal article" year="1934">Mayer 1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FD14FACB57F7F708" author="Kettle, D. S. &amp; Lawson, J. W. H." box="[751,1011,1377,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="421 - 467" refId="ref13517" refString="Kettle, D. S. &amp; Lawson, J. W. H. (1952) The early stages of British biting midges Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 421 - 467, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1952">Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FC04FACB50B3F708" author="Dzhafarov, S. M." box="[1023,1207,1377,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" refId="ref12683" refString="Dzhafarov, S. M. (1964) Blood-sucking midges (Diptera, Heleidae) of the Transcaucasus. Akademija Nauk Azerbaidzanskoi SSR, Instituta Zoologicheskiy, Sankt-Peterburg, 414 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1964">Dzhafarov 1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FB38FACB554EF7EC" author="Damian-Georgescu, A. &amp; Spataru, P." pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="531 - 536" refId="ref12645" refString="Damian-Georgescu, A. &amp; Spataru, P. (1971) Metamorfoza la Culicoides riethi Kieff, 1914 (Diptera-Ceratopogonidae). Studii si cercetari de Biologie, Seria Zoologie, 23, 531 - 536." type="journal article" year="1971">Damian-Georgescu &amp; Spătaru 1971</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FE7DFA2F5630F7EC" author="Glukhova, V. M." box="[390,564,1413,1438]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 408" refId="ref12827" refString="Glukhova, V. M. (1989) Blood-sucking midges of the genera Culicoides and Forcipomyia (Ceratopogonidae). Fauna of the USSR, 139, 3 (5 a), 1 - 408. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1989">Glukhova 1989</bibRefCitation>
) and we found no contradictions in those papers to our description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF3CFA0350F6F794" blockId="12.[151,1437,258,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
This species is Holarctic in distribution. In North America it ranges from
<collectingRegion id="498A16D1FFE16E05FBF8FA035055F7B0" box="[1027,1105,1449,1474]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Alaska</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="498A16D1FFE16E05FB8EFA0350E7F7B0" box="[1141,1251,1449,1474]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
, south to
<collectingRegion id="498A16D1FFE16E05FAABFA03550CF794" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="498A16D1FFE16E05FEE8FA675585F794" box="[275,385,1485,1510]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="498A16D1FFE16E05FE43FA675626F794" box="[440,546,1485,1510]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FDCBFA6757DEF794" author="Borkent, A. &amp; Grogan, W. L." box="[560,986,1485,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref12532" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (2009) Catalog of the new world Biting Midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 2273, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2009">
Borkent &amp; Grogan 2009 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C4EA3B0FFE16E05FC89FA6457CAF797" box="[882,974,1486,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FC89FA6457CAF797" box="[882,974,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">C. gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDFA5C2FFE16E05FC1DFA6450E2F794" author="Grogan, W. L. &amp; Lysyk, T." box="[998,1254,1485,1510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref12869" refString="Grogan, W. L. &amp; Lysyk, T. (2015) A revision of the biting midges in the Culicoides (Monoculicoides) nubeculosus - stigma complex in North America with the description of a new species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi, 441, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2015">Grogan &amp; Lysyk 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3548BB8FFE16E05FF3CFA5B5185F45C" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1D833FFE16E05FF3CFA5B5185F45C" blockId="12.[151,1437,258,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<emphasis id="B93A0421FFE16E05FF3CFA5B55B0F478" bold="true" box="[199,436,1521,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B26D26EFFE16E05FE46FA585185F45C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028137966" collectingDate="2014-05-04" collectionCode="CNCI" collectorName="A. Borkent." country="Canada" latitude="49.30764" location="White Lake" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE16E05FE46FA58561CF478" box="[445,536,1521,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE16E05FDDEFA585691F478" box="[549,661,1521,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, (
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE16E05FD56FA58570AF478" box="[685,782,1521,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
TAMU, voucher series #732;
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE16E05FB90FA5850C1F478" box="[1131,1221,1521,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D4813BAFFE16E05FB29FA585144F478" box="[1234,1344,1521,1546]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED5F40F6FFE16E05FAB2FA585194F478" box="[1353,1424,1522,1546]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rzcb-tdp2" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">CNCI</collectionCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="F35998A3FFE16E05FF6CF9BF54EAF45C" box="[151,238,1557,1582]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">Canada</collectingCountry>
, B.C.,
<location id="8E918EE8FFE16E05FEC1F9BF55C5F45C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E76925FFE16E05FF6CFF3D5185F45C:8E918EE8FFE16E05FEC1F9BF55C5F45C" box="[314,449,1557,1582]" country="Canada" latitude="49.30764" name="White Lake" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">White Lake</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A43C111FFE16E05FE37F9BF56EAF45C" box="[460,750,1557,1582]" location="Okanagan Falls" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">
<quantity id="4CB675D6FFE16E05FE37F9BF5600F45C" box="[460,516,1557,1582]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
SW Okanagan Falls
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7ABEF4FFE16E05FD01F9BF57A3F45C" box="[762,935,1557,1582]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="49.30764">49°1827.51&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 119°13800.23&quot;W,
<collectingDate id="EFB4071BFFE16E05FB71F9BC50F6F45C" box="[1162,1266,1558,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="2014-05-04">
<date id="FFF0FEF3FFE16E05FB71F9BC50F6F45C" box="[1162,1266,1558,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463" value="2014-05-04">4.V.2014</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26BBBDE5FFE16E05FB06F9BC5185F45C" box="[1277,1409,1557,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="463">A. Borkent.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>