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<document id="709B835FD3043DC10CFD8C856042E491" ID-CLB-Dataset="7681" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="114135c4-23cb-444b-8cff-75d9f43aad6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4596025" ID-ZooBank="CDF398FE-B0F6-40E6-967D-FB857C1565BD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615447261711" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yasunaga, Tomohide, Duwal, Ram Keshari &amp; Nakatani, Yukinobu" docDate="2021" docId="A16ADB37EB0E0C71FF47C4757C22F915" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4942.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4942 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pilophorus hyotan Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="5D53A34FEB050C7EFFD0C03C7D09FF8C" masterDocTitle="Reclassification of the plant bug genus Pilophorus in Japan and key to the genera and species of Japanese Pilophorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae Phylinae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698933027681" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="B26E3E67B55D2061883CC4FAD3A50987" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C8DB40D390527BBDACD5F4CA1428F1ED">
<mods:title id="AADD05A6B6E8248774DBBDE4EAC6A593">Reclassification of the plant bug genus Pilophorus in Japan and key to the genera and species of Japanese Pilophorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae Phylinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="25ACEA3823BF43D390A9712854556628" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F199CF304EA92A456D3F53BC7B1B7A16">
<mods:roleTerm id="EEDC6FD25DE8A1AD31B2D81220D71943">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DD76C6FA26271B1BED681409C41F68F0">Yasunaga, Tomohide</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7A5FBF32F58807C9FC00C7D1A8EE2825">Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park at 79 th Street, New York, NY 10024, c / o Nameshi 2 - 33 - 2, Nagasaki 852 - 8061, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2B95D9AE976D635697155B5E31B2AA5E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BCC6E3057BFF63FA94852ACA33C026C">
<mods:roleTerm id="B5D8A4120DE51F8F392FDB14836CCBB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="67074B0060B405352E273E723F76D444">Duwal, Ram Keshari</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EF0B481585FBE26AC4223AE6AC050686">Visiting Researcher, Agriculture &amp; Agri-Food Canada Environmental Health, K. W. Neatby: Bldg # 20, 960 Carling Avenue, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EB266271B985CC29BEDC78653EBD5545" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F9BFD87888A0AB9B5033976E95CA1981">
<mods:roleTerm id="6A884D49D8925EF4B06F9E8CFF7D4550">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6EDE4C243F92E92F9AC3DE88392F0B95">Nakatani, Yukinobu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B51BD5CCE11359973B55BF6789E62076">Division of Informatics and Inventory, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Kannondai 3 - 1 - 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 8604, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="28E92A1D7F8C9C199F8B4A9BB27182C6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="09E04663DF0AB3C5647FB109E9F9D2DA" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A8F85F22E534F8FF32C37DC24346976F">
<mods:title id="E49AF2691C85D53B91E4A095642575A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="EA5EEDE161EF1E55C14CFDDD6DB04D17">
<mods:date id="DCB4CA1A8D33A3D48F7DBB21517D5DE3">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BA116AE3D581B8B09BBE128294D319BE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4A5E0AA68D52846309B110F6B07F0698">2021-03-11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E6BA750D917DAE64717445D6D0E924B0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A6D75B6E70EC8752C23B143FB7719E97">4942</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="DE7D9BCBE3932B67E08B0946E34B25E6" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DCF5E959A06B3A0604815410F550438B">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FED551593F7CD6031E5F54DCCE5232F9">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9FF05BCC02D6B86B07AAAA411E8DE5FD">40</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="15CB6B0E9B50C6D9E264A74A61017A3D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="533A70FD9811DF147EEC841FB0F87D76" type="CLB-Dataset">7681</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="017C448DDD25BFD2788B9E6920E5EE96" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4942.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B04EF66DE7E283F690AABB76055AEEB4" type="GBIF-Dataset">114135c4-23cb-444b-8cff-75d9f43aad6a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B34E04EBE2EDA63025C4654B3C47632" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BF160E0DA3C1E09CEFF69B4427AD0345" type="Zenodo-Dep">4596025</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9269863939C37664D78C7C2CDE76EB3A" type="ZooBank">CDF398FE-B0F6-40E6-967D-FB857C1565BD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A16ADB37EB0E0C71FF47C4757C22F915" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180588580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16ADB37EB0E0C71FF47C4757C22F915" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A16ADB37EB0E0C71FF47C4757C22F915" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0E0C75FF47C4757CC8FBE8" box="[151,449,1097,1124]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0E0C75FF47C4757CC8FBE8" blockId="11.[151,989,1097,1160]" box="[151,449,1097,1124]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="7234DD4DEB0E0C75FF47C4757CC8FBE8" bold="true" box="[151,449,1097,1124]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FF47C4757CC8FBE8" bold="true" box="[151,449,1097,1124]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FF47C4757C7EFBE8" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani, 2020" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,375,1097,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FF47C4757C7EFBE8" bold="true" box="[151,375,1097,1124]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pilophorus hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00840B48EB0E0C75FEAFC4767CC8FBE8" box="[383,449,1098,1124]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0E0C75FF47C4517ED4FB04" box="[151,989,1133,1160]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0E0C75FF47C4517ED4FB04" blockId="11.[151,989,1097,1160]" box="[151,989,1133,1160]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
(
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FF4FC4517DEDFB04" box="[159,228,1133,1160]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus images of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–F) and P. typicus (G–I), live adult individuals. A. ♂. B. ♀. C. ♀, ventral view. D. ♀, ventral view. E. ♀, praying on an aphid. F. ♀, praying on a leafhopper nymph. G. ♂, from Kathmandu, Nepal. H. ♀, Surin, Thailand. I. ♀, Nagasaki, Japan, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596033/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A–F, 4A–H, 7A, C, E, 8, 9A–E, I–K, 10A–B, 15A–I, 16A–F, M–O)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0E0C75FF47C48E7E22FB65" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0E0C75FF47C48E7E47FB46" blockId="11.[151,846,1202,1257]" box="[151,846,1202,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="09D34D0FEB0E0C75FF47C48E7E47FB46" box="[151,846,1202,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FF47C48E7C01FB46" ID-CoL="9CLPJ" authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,264,1202,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FF47C48E7C01FB46" box="[151,264,1202,1226]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pilophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="A8624C30EB0E0C75FEE0C48E7CFEFB46" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[304,503,1202,1226]" page="32" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0E0C75FEE0C48E7CFEFB46" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[304,503,1202,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 35" refId="ref25616" refString="Yasunaga, T. (1997) Mirid and anthocorid faunae of Konoura, Nagasaki, Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae and Anthocoridae). Transactions of Nagasaki Biological Society, 48, 25 - 35. [in Japanese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1997">Yasunaga, 1997: 32</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(faunal list, fig., Japanese name).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0E0C75FF47C4ED7E22FB65" blockId="11.[151,846,1202,1257]" box="[151,811,1233,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="09D34D0FEB0E0C75FF47C4ED7E22FB65" box="[151,811,1233,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FF47C4ED7C5FFB64" ID-CoL="6VJT2" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,342,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FF47C4ED7C5FFB64" box="[151,342,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pilophorus typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(nec Distant):
<treatmentCitation id="A8624C30EB0E0C75FE3DC4ED7FD2FB65" author="Duwal, R. K. &amp; Jung, S. H. &amp; Lee, S. H." box="[493,731,1233,1257]" page="270" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0E0C75FE3DC4ED7FD2FB65" author="Duwal, R. K. &amp; Jung, S. H. &amp; Lee, S. H." box="[493,731,1233,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="257 - 271" refId="ref24159" refString="Duwal, R. K., Jung, S. H. &amp; Lee, S. H. (2014) A taxonomic review of the plant bug tribe Pilophorini (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from the Korean Peninsula. Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, 17, 257 - 271. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aspen. 2014.01.003" type="journal article" year="2014">Duwal et al., 2014: 270</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(diag.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0E0C72FF47C52B7FE6FAF5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0E0C72FF47C52B7FE6FAF5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1303,2014]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FF47C52B7CB6FABD" bold="true" box="[151,447,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Type material.
<typeStatus id="F678D483EB0E0C75FE82C52B7CB6FABD" box="[338,447,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(♂).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FDD2C52B7F55FABD" bold="true" box="[514,604,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0E0C75FDD2C52B7F55FABD" box="[514,604,1303,1329]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Kyushu:
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FD06C52B7E88FABD" box="[726,897,1303,1329]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FC5FC52B7EFEFABD" box="[911,1015,1303,1329]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Kabashima Island,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FACEC52B7891FABE" box="[1310,1432,1303,1330]" degrees="32.555222" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="32.55522">32.555222</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FF47C5077C15FAD9" box="[151,284,1339,1365]" degrees="129.777022" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="129.77702">129.777022</geoCoordinate>
[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FEFEC5077C83FAD9" box="[302,394,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FE49C5067CAEFAD9" box="[409,423,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[174,1436,428,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-146@7.[151,1436,417,1895]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of Pilophorus spp. A. P. choii ♂. B. P. maeharai, holotype ♂. C. P. niger ♀. D–E. P. pullulus, holotype ♀ (Taiwan). F–G. P. pullulus ♂ (Amami-Oshima Is., Japan)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596027/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</figureCitation>
],
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FE12C5007957FAD9" authority="(Sieb. &amp; Zucc.) H. Gross ex Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" baseAuthorityName="Sieb. &amp; Zucc." box="[450,1118,1339,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polygonales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FE12C5007FBEFAD9" box="[450,695,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Persicaria thunbergii</emphasis>
(Sieb. &amp; Zucc.) H. Gross ex Nakai
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FBBDC507780AFAD9" box="[1133,1283,1339,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2019-09-29">29 Sep 2019</date>
, T. Yasunaga (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FF4FC5637DFCFAF5" box="[159,245,1375,1401]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">NIAES</collectionCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FEDAC5637C68FAF5" box="[266,353,1375,1401]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AMNH</collectionCode>
_PBI 00380666).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FDF7C5637F96FAF5" bold="true" box="[551,671,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="F678D483EB0E0C75FDF7C5637F96FAF5" box="[551,671,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FD7CC5637E0FFAF5" bold="true" box="[684,774,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0E0C75FD7CC5637E0FFAF5" box="[684,774,1375,1401]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Kyushu: Same data as for
<typeStatus id="F678D483EB0E0C75FBE4C563799FFAF5" box="[1076,1174,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FB02C56379F5FAF5" box="[1234,1276,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
; same locality and collector,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FEE8C5BF7CBBFA12" box="[312,434,1411,1438]" degrees="32.555333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="32.555332">32.555333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FE6EC5BF7F4FFA11" box="[446,582,1411,1437]" degrees="129.776688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="129.77669">129.776688</geoCoordinate>
, male flowers of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FCDDC5BF7EECFA11" box="[781,997,1411,1437]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FCDDC5BF7EECFA11" box="[781,997,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mallotus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FC24C5BF798AFA11" box="[1012,1155,1411,1438]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2013-06-15">15 Jun 2013</date>
, 1 ♂ and 24 Aug
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FA9EC5BF7DA5FA4F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2013-03-01">2013 1 ♂</date>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FF6DC59B7C19FA4D" box="[189,272,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FEF5C59B7C84FA4D" box="[293,397,1447,1473]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Mieda,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FDFEC59B7FA1FA4D" box="[558,680,1447,1473]" degrees="32.820444" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="32.820442">32.820444</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FD65C59B7E33FA4D" box="[693,826,1447,1473]" degrees="129.732700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="129.7327">129.732700</geoCoordinate>
[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FC9AC59B7EACFA4D" box="[842,933,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FC63C59A7ECDFA4D" box="[947,964,1446,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Life cycle and immature stages of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–H) and P. typicus (I–J), laboratory observations in Nagasaki, Japan. A. Mating pair (♂ left). B. Eggs (exposed opercula) oviposited into border part between stem and root of Artemisia sp. C. First instar nymph, just after hatching. D. Same, before molting to 2nd instar. E. Second instar nymphs. F. Third instar nymph. G. Fourth instar nymph with 5th (left). H. Fifth instar nymph with its exuvia. I. Fourth instar nymph. J. Fifth instar nymph (feeding on brine-shrimp eggs) [MTNR = metanotal ridge]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596037/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</figureCitation>
], engine vacuum netting,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FB3FC59B7870FA4D" box="[1263,1401,1447,1473]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2018-07-31">31 Jul 2018</date>
, T. Yasunaga et al., 3 ♂,
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(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FE16C5F77F10FA69" box="[454,537,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data except for date,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FC8CC5F77EE5FA69" box="[860,1004,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-02-11">11 Feb 2020</date>
, 2 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FBE2C5F77954FA69" box="[1074,1117,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FBBDC5F779C9FA69" box="[1133,1216,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, except for date
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FF24C5D37C8BF985" box="[244,386,1519,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-10-10">10 Oct 2020</date>
, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FE16C5D37F10F985" box="[454,537,1519,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, 5th instar nymph when collected and emerging on
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FB0FC5D37891F985" box="[1247,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-02-18" valueMax="2020-02-20" valueMin="2020-02-18">18–20 Feb 2020</date>
, mating on 14 Mar, dead on 17 Mar, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FD83C62F7FAFF9A1" box="[595,678,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, 5th instar nymph when collected and emerged on
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FA81C62F7DDBF9DD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-02-20">20 Feb 2020</date>
, mating on 14 Mar, dead on 29 Apr,
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(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FD70C60B7FFAF9DD" box="[672,755,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, except for date
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FBFDC60B79CDF9DD" box="[1069,1220,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-05-23">23 May 2020</date>
, 4 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FAD6C60B7826F9DD" box="[1286,1327,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FAEDC60B7899F9DD" box="[1341,1424,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, dead on 11 Jun after reared,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FD8BC6677F8FF9F9" box="[603,646,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FD46C6677FE0F9F9" box="[662,745,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, except for date
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FBFDC66779B5F9F9" box="[1069,1212,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-06-16">16 Jun 2020</date>
, 2 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FAD2C6677824F9F9" box="[1282,1325,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FAEDC6677899F9F9" box="[1341,1424,1627,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same data, except for date 14 Nov.
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FDCEC6437F82F917" box="[542,651,1663,1691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-07-03">2020, 7 ♂</date>
,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FD4BC6437FCCF915" box="[667,709,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FD03C6437E24F915" box="[723,813,1663,1689]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FCE8C6437E7DF915" box="[824,884,1663,1689]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CNC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FCAFC6437ED9F915" box="[895,976,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same locality, hatching on
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FADCC6437895F915" box="[1292,1436,1663,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-03-27">27 Mar 2020</date>
(oviposited egg in lab.), emerging on 7 May and dead on 13 Mar, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FC79C69F7EF5F931" box="[937,1020,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same locality (reared in lab.), May–
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FF47C6FB7C0DF96D" box="[151,260,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-09">Sep 2020</date>
, NWHS Biology Club, 10 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FD88C6FB7F8AF96D" box="[600,643,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FD42C6FB7FECF96D" box="[658,741,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FD29C6FB7E68F96D" box="[761,865,1735,1761]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Taira, Odorise,
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,
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[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FABEC6FB7DB3F889" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FF14C6D67DDDF889" box="[196,212,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-75@16.[151,1436,237,1682]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitus images of Pilophorus spp., live adult individuals. A–B. P. satoyamanus n. sp. ♂ (images courtesy of M. Takai). C–D. P. okamotoi ♂. E. P. setulosellus n. sp. ♀ (courtesy of M. Takai). F. P. setulosus ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596041/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</figureCitation>
], engine vacuum netting,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FE21C6D77F7DF889" box="[497,628,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2018-08-04">4 Aug 2018</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FC94C6D77E64F889" box="[836,877,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FCAAC6D77EC4F889" box="[890,973,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FC0FC6D7794EF889" box="[991,1095,1771,1797]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Ohama, Inasayama Park,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FED1C7337C63F8A5" box="[257,362,1807,1833]" degrees="129.8470" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="129.847">129.8470</geoCoordinate>
[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FEA9C7337CDBF8A5" box="[377,466,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FE0FC7327CF9F8A5" box="[479,496,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,204,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[151,1436,181,1852]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male hind wings (A–D) and dorsal thoracic structure of 5th instar nymphs (E–F) of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A, C, E) and P. typicus (B, D, F). A–B. Compound microscopic images. C–F. Scanning electron micrographs. Abbreviations: AT, abdominal tergum; MTN, metanotum (scutellar area); MTNR, metanotal ridge; MTWP, metanotal (hind) wing pad; SES, abdominal scent efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596045/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">7</figureCitation>
],
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FDD5C7337F7BF8A5" box="[517,626,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FDD5C7337F7BF8A5" box="[517,626,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FD79C7337E39F8A5" box="[681,816,1807,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-08-07">7 Aug 2020</date>
, NWHS Biol. Club, 2 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FB85C73379A1F8A5" box="[1109,1192,1807,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
); same locality,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FA8EC7337DDBF8C1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-10-09">9 Oct 2020</date>
, H. Tabuchi, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FE4EC70F7CFEF8C1" box="[414,503,1843,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">NWHS</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FDD9C70F7F78F8C1" box="[521,625,1843,1869]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Yotsue, Agri-Hills Park,
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,
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[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FB0DC70F783FF8C1" box="[1245,1334,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FA91C70E785BF8C1" box="[1345,1362,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,181,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[165,1423,181,1847]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus images of conifer-inhabiting Pilophorus spp. (A–C) and Pherolepis spp. (D–H), live adults and 5th instar nymph (G). A. Pilophorus miyamotoi ♂. B. P. validicornis ♀ (image courtesy of M. Nozawa). C. P. tagoi ♀ (courtesy of M. Nozawa). D. Pherolepis hizenicus n. sp., ♂. E. Same, lateral view. F. Same, ♀. G. Same, 5th instar nymph, ♂. H. Pherolepis fasciatus ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596043/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">6</figureCitation>
], male flowers of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FEDDC76B7CEAF8FD" box="[269,483,1879,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FEDDC76B7CEAF8FD" box="[269,483,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mallotus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FE3FC76B7F71F8FD" box="[495,632,1879,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2019-06-15">15 Jun 2019</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FC98C76B7E92F8FD" box="[840,923,1879,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FC7CC76B791DF8FD" box="[940,1044,1879,1905]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Kinkai-Tonehara,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FF47C7477C15F81A" box="[151,284,1915,1942]" degrees="129.794545" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="1" value="129.79454">129.794545</geoCoordinate>
[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FEF9C7477C89F819" box="[297,384,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FE5AC7467C93F819" box="[394,410,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus images of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–F) and P. typicus (G–I), live adult individuals. A. ♂. B. ♀. C. ♀, ventral view. D. ♀, ventral view. E. ♀, praying on an aphid. F. ♀, praying on a leafhopper nymph. G. ♂, from Kathmandu, Nepal. H. ♀, Surin, Thailand. I. ♀, Nagasaki, Japan, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596033/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</figureCitation>
], engine vacuum netting,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FD67C7477E48F819" box="[695,833,1915,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-10-10">10 Oct 2020</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 5 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FBC2C7477932F819" box="[1042,1083,1915,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FB9CC7477964F819" box="[1100,1133,1915,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
dead on Dec 6 after reared) (
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);
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City, Nishi-umi Town,
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,
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,
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FC48C7A3790CF835" box="[920,1029,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FC48C7A3790CF835" box="[920,1029,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB0E0C75FBECC7A379C4F835" box="[1084,1229,1951,1978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2020-10-25">25 Oct 2020</date>
, T. Yasunaga,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB0E0C75FAA1C7A37895F835" box="[1393,1436,1951,1977]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(dead on Dec 7 after reared) (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB0E0C75FE33C7FF7F3FF851" box="[483,566,1987,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0E0C75FD99C7FF7FB8F851" box="[585,689,1987,2013]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Kohno’ura,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FCADC7FF7ED2F851" box="[893,987,1987,2013]" degrees="32.8788" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="32.8788">32.8788</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB0E0C75FC36C7FF7946F852" box="[998,1103,1987,2014]" degrees="129.6957" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="129.6957">129.6957</geoCoordinate>
[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FB8EC7FF79BEF851" box="[1118,1207,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0E0C75FB13C7FE79DDF851" box="[1219,1236,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1436,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus images of Pilophorus spp., live individuals. A. P. erraticus ♂. B. P. erraticus ♀. C–D. P. pseudoperplexus ♂. E. P. nakatanii, holotype ♂. F. P. lucidus ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596029/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</figureCitation>
],
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0E0C75FB38C7F87894F851" box="[1256,1437,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobata">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0E0C75FB38C7F87894F851" box="[1256,1437,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pueraria lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF3AC0AB7C80FF3D" box="[234,393,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1996-08-02" valueMax="1996-08-04" valueMin="1996-08-02">2–4 Aug 1996</date>
, T. Yasunaga,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FDF6C0AB7F59FF3D" box="[550,592,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FD8CC0AB7E0AFF3D" box="[604,771,151,177]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nagasaki Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Isahaya City, Takaki Town, Todoroki Valley, 32.95, 130.11,
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FF47C0877C0DFF59" box="[151,260,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FF47C0877C0DFF59" box="[151,260,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FEE9C0877CBEFF59" box="[313,439,187,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-06-03">3 Jun 2002</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 2 ♂; Isahaya City, Shirakimine,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FC11C0877924FF59" box="[961,1069,187,213]" degrees="32.92407" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="32.92407">32.92407</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBE8C08679BBFF59" box="[1080,1202,186,213]" degrees="130.06854" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="130.06854">130.06854</geoCoordinate>
, flowers of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FAE7C0877C0DFF74" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Humulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FAE7C0877C0DFF74" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Humulus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FEC4C0E37CA1FF75" box="[276,424,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2014-09-27">27 Sep 2014</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 2 ♂; Tsushima Island, Tsushima City, Izuhara Town, Hiyoshi,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FACEC0E27891FF75" box="[1310,1432,222,249]" degrees="34.209555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="34.209557">34.209555</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FF47C13F7C16FE91" box="[151,287,259,285]" degrees="129.291200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="129.2912">129.291200</geoCoordinate>
,
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FEF9C13F7C9FFE91" box="[297,406,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FEF9C13F7C9FFE91" box="[297,406,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FE1AC13F7F47FE91" box="[458,590,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2020-07-21">21 Jul 2020</date>
, H. Asanabe, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FCCCC13F7E4FFE91" box="[796,838,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FC84C13F7EADFE91" box="[852,932,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FC69C13F7919FE91" box="[953,1040,259,285]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AMNH</collectionCode>
_PBI 00380667); same data, except for date
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF26C11B7C74FECD" box="[246,381,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2020-08-04">4 Aug 2020</date>
, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FE13C11B7CE4FECD" box="[451,493,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE2DC11B7F59FECD" box="[509,592,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
); Tsushima City, Izuhara Town, Isaribi Park,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB9EC11A79A5FECD" box="[1102,1196,294,321]" degrees="34.2055" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="34.2055">34.2055</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB68C11A782DFECD" box="[1208,1316,294,321]" degrees="129.2985" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="129.2985">129.2985</geoCoordinate>
,
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FAFFC11B7895FECD" box="[1327,1436,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FAFFC11B7895FECD" box="[1327,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF15C1777C40FEE9" box="[197,329,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2020-07-24">24 Jul 2020</date>
, H. Asanabe, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FDC9C1777F65FEE9" box="[537,620,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FDAEC1777E29FEE9" box="[638,800,331,357]" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fukuoka Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Kurume City, Mii-machi,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB9CC17779A3FEE9" box="[1100,1194,331,357]" degrees="33.3060" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="33.306">33.3060</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB64C1767829FEE9" box="[1204,1312,330,357]" degrees="130.5471" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="130.5471">130.5471</geoCoordinate>
, flowers of white clover,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FEE1C1537CB6FE05" box="[305,447,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1992-06-24">24 Jun 1992</date>
, T. Yasunaga,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FDB1C1537F85FE05" box="[609,652,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FD4CC1537FE6FE05" box="[668,751,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FCD3C1537EC8FE05" box="[771,961,367,393]" country="Japan" name="Kumamoto" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kumamoto Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Aso-gun, Oguni Town, 33.12, 131.07,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA50C1527C0AFE21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2020-09-15">15 Sep 2020</date>
, H. Tabuchi, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE1DC1AF7F29FE21" box="[461,544,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FDE2C1AF7FF8FE21" box="[562,753,403,429]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kagoshima Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Kouyama Town (= current Kimotsuki Town), 31.33, 130.95,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF47C18B7C20FE5D" box="[151,297,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1992-08-28">28 Aug 1992</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE2CC18B7F46FE5D" box="[508,591,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
). Shikoku:
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FD1AC18B7E5BFE5D" box="[714,850,439,465]" country="Japan" name="Ehime" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ehime Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Suwazaki Park,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBDFC18B7964FE5D" box="[1039,1133,439,465]" degrees="33.4433" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="33.4433">33.4433</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBA6C18A79EBFE5D" box="[1142,1250,438,465]" degrees="132.3985" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="132.3985">132.3985</geoCoordinate>
, planted azaleas,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF47C1E77C2DFE79" box="[151,292,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1992-09-20">20 Sep 1992</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 3 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FE28C1E77F28FE79" box="[504,545,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FDFFC1E77F8BFE79" box="[559,642,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FD44C1E77E11FE79" box="[660,792,475,501]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kochi Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Same’ura-dam,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FC04C1E6792DFE79" box="[980,1060,474,501]" degrees="33.755" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="33.755">33.755</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBFEC1E67985FE79" box="[1070,1164,474,501]" degrees="133.548" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="133.548">133.548</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FB46C1E77821FE79" box="[1174,1320,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1998-08-22">22 Aug 1998</date>
, M. Takai, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FF1EC1C37DF1FD95" box="[206,248,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FED6C1C37C50FD95" box="[262,345,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FEBCC1C37CF9FD95" box="[364,496,511,537]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kochi Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Cape Muroto, 33.29, 134.17,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FC93C1C37ED3FD95" box="[835,986,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1997-05-27">27 May 1997</date>
, I. Yamashita, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FB65C1C3780CFD95" box="[1205,1285,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
) (00380668). Honshu:
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FF2DC21F7C76FDB1" box="[253,383,547,573]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fukui Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Tsuruga City, Naka-ikemi,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FD6AC21E7E0EFDB1" box="[698,775,546,573]" degrees="35.656" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.656">35.656</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FCDEC21F7E65FDB1" box="[782,876,547,573]" degrees="136.089" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="136.089">136.089</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FCA7C21F790DFDB1" box="[887,1028,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1994-06-22">22 Jun 1994</date>
, T. Kishimoto, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FB3AC21F7834FDB1" box="[1258,1341,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FA80C21F7DD9FDED" country="Japan" name="Hyogo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hyogo Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Takasago City, Kitawaki,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FDD2C27B7F5BFDED" box="[514,594,583,609]" degrees="34.791" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="34.791">34.791</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FD8EC27A7FB5FDED" box="[606,700,582,609]" degrees="134.753" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="134.753">134.753</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FD19C27B7E44FDED" box="[713,845,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-09-01">1 Sep 2002</date>
, T. Nozaki, 1♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FBDBC27B7957FDED" box="[1035,1118,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
); Ohya Town, Miyagaki,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA50C27B7C0BFD09" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1997-09-18">18 Sep 1997</date>
, Y. Nakatani, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE01C2577F23FD09" box="[465,554,619,645]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FDECC2577FC3FD09" box="[572,714,619,645]" country="Japan" name="Ibaraki" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ibaraki Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Tsuchi’ura City, Shishitsuka,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBCAC257799DFD09" box="[1050,1172,619,645]" degrees="36.081381" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="36.081383">36.081381</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB4DC257782CFD09" box="[1181,1317,619,645]" degrees="140.164382" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="140.16438">140.164382</geoCoordinate>
,
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FAFFC2577895FD09" box="[1327,1436,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FAFFC2577895FD09" box="[1327,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF16C2B37C5DFD25" box="[198,340,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2000-06-16">16 Jun 2000</date>
, Y. Nakatani, 2 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FDFEC2B37F50FD25" box="[558,601,655,681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FDB8C2B37FB7FD25" box="[616,702,655,681]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
) (00380669);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FCB1C2B37904FD25" box="[865,1037,655,681]" country="Japan" name="Okayama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Okayama Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Hiruzen,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB52C2B279DBFD25" box="[1154,1234,654,681]" degrees="35.309" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="35.309">35.309</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB0EC2B37835FD25" box="[1246,1340,655,681]" degrees="133.639" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="133.639">133.639</geoCoordinate>
, flowers of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FF68C28F7C9DFD40" box="[184,404,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Humulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FF68C28F7C9DFD40" box="[184,404,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Humulus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FE75C28F7F22FD41" box="[421,555,691,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-09-04">4 Sep 2002</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FCC2C28F7E6CFD41" box="[786,869,691,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FCAAC28F7EECFD41" box="[890,997,691,717]" country="Japan" name="Okayama" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Okayama</collectingRegion>
City, Kanayama,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB67C28F780EFD41" box="[1207,1287,691,717]" degrees="34.744" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="34.744">34.744</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FAC4C28F787BFD41" box="[1300,1394,691,717]" degrees="133.939" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="133.939">133.939</geoCoordinate>
, on chrysanthemum,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FE88C2EB7CD1FD7D" box="[344,472,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1992-10-03">3 Oct 1992</date>
, T. Yasunaga &amp; K. Nagai, 2 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FCECC2EB7E86FD7D" box="[828,911,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FC72C2EB7920FD7D" box="[930,1065,727,753]" country="Japan" name="Osaka" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Osaka Pref.</collectingRegion>
, Minoo City, Shimotodoromi,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA50C2EB7C09FC99" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1993-06-27">27 Jun 1993</date>
, Y. Nakatani, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE05C2C77F27FC99" box="[469,558,763,789]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FD91C2C77F82FC99" box="[577,651,763,789]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
, Univ. of
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FD28C2C77E36FC99" box="[760,831,763,789]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
Komaba Campus, 35.66006, 139. 68521,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FACAC2C77C0AFCB5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2013-06-22" valueMax="2013-10-21" valueMin="2013-06-22">22 Jun – 21 Oct 2013</date>
, T.
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FEFDC3237C9CFCB5" box="[301,405,799,825]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FE0CC3237F0EFCB5" box="[476,519,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FDC7C3237F62FCB5" box="[535,619,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TUAK</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FDAFC3237FC0FCB5" box="[639,713,799,825]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
, Hachijo Island, Kohno Minato, 33.11, 139.81,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FB38C3237879FCB5" box="[1256,1392,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1948-08-06">6 Aug 1948</date>
, M. Kubota,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FF29C37F7C2DFCD1" box="[249,292,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FEE5C37F7C87FCD1" box="[309,398,835,861]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
); same data except for date
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FD1CC37F7E5CFCD1" box="[716,853,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1948-08-09">9 Aug 1948</date>
, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FC4CC37F7ECEFCD1" box="[924,967,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FC08C37F7938FCD1" box="[984,1073,835,861]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
); Hachijo Island, 33.12, 139.78,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF47C35B7C5AFC0D" box="[151,339,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1982-09-21" valueMax="1982-09-22" valueMin="1982-09-21">21–22 Sep 1982</date>
, H. Hasegawa, 1 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FD92C35B7F64FC0D" box="[578,621,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FDAEC35B7FDEFC0D" box="[638,727,871,897]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FD3BC35A79B4FC0C" bold="true" box="[747,1213,870,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Additional material examined.
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB090C72FBB3C35A79B4FC0C" box="[1123,1213,870,896]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Kyushu,
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FAE4C35B7895FC0D" box="[1332,1436,871,897]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Wakimisaki, engine vacuum netting,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FDBFC3B77FE2FC29" box="[623,747,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2019-06-02">2 Jun 2019</date>
, NWHS Biol. Club,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FC1FC3B77EF1FC29" box="[975,1016,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FBD6C3B77956FC29" box="[1030,1119,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NWHS</collectionCode>
);
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FBA1C3B779D0FC29" box="[1137,1241,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City, Nameshi 2- chome,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FF20C3927C47FC45" box="[240,334,942,969]" degrees="32.8105" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="32.8105">32.8105</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FE89C3937CCBFC45" box="[345,450,943,969]" degrees="129.8408" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="129.8408">129.8408</geoCoordinate>
[
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB090C72FE00C3937F21FC45" box="[464,552,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB090C72FDE4C3927F4CFC45" box="[564,581,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,249,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-47@21.[151,1436,237,1858]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–E, I–K. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Nagasaki, Japan: A–C, K; Solkhumbu, Nepal: D–E, I–J). F–H, L–N. P. typicus (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand: F–G; India: H, L–M; Nagasaki: N). O. P. miyamotoi (Kochi Pref., Japan). P–S. P. pullulus (Amami-Oshima Is.). A– B, D, F–G, O–P. Endosoma (vesica). C, E, H, S. Phallotheca. I–N, Q–R. Parameres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596053/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9</figureCitation>
], flowers of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FD03C39379F6FC46" authority="Sieb. &amp; Zucc." authorityName="Sieb. &amp; Zucc." box="[723,1279,943,970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Humulus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FD03C3937EA5FC44" box="[723,940,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Humulus japonicus</emphasis>
Sieb. &amp; Zucc. (Cannabaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FAD9C3927891FC45" box="[1289,1432,942,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2014-09-25">25 Sep 2014</date>
, T. Yasunaga,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FEFDC3EF7C5EFC61" box="[301,343,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FEB6C3EF7CB0FC61" box="[358,441,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
). Ryukyus: Ishigaki Island, Sokobaru-dam,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FC73C3EE7914FC61" box="[931,1053,978,1005]" degrees="24.430556" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="24.430555">24.430556</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBF8C3EF79A6FC61" box="[1064,1199,979,1005]" degrees="124.211667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="124.21167">124.211667</geoCoordinate>
, Y. Nakatani,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA9BC3EF7DDBFB9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2012-03-17">17 Mar 2012</date>
, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FEC7C3CB7C79FB9D" box="[279,368,1015,1041]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
); Ishigaki Island, Ban’na Park,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FD00C3CB7E29FB9D" box="[720,800,1015,1041]" degrees="24.383" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="24.383">24.383</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FCFBC3CB7E80FB9D" box="[811,905,1015,1041]" degrees="124.173" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="124.173">124.173</geoCoordinate>
, Hirado-Azalea (
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FB9AC3CB79E6FB9D" box="[1098,1263,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FB9AC3CB79E6FB9D" box="[1098,1263,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhododendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
x
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FADBC3CB787FFB9D" box="[1291,1398,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Rhododendronx" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FADBC3CB787FFB9D" box="[1291,1398,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA5EC3CB7C01FBB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1998-03-04">4 Mar 1998</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE31C4277F3DFBB9" box="[481,564,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TYCN</collectionCode>
); Iriomote Island, Monbanari (=Monbanare),
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FBE3C42679A4FBB9" box="[1075,1197,1050,1077]" degrees="24.295777" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="24.295776">24.295777</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB68C4277849FBB9" box="[1208,1344,1051,1077]" degrees="123.872638" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="123.872635">123.872638</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA9BC4277DDBFBD5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-03-20">20 Mar 2007</date>
, Y. Nakatani, 3 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FE7DC4027CD0FBD5" box="[429,473,1086,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE39C4037F4BFBD5" box="[489,578,1087,1113]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FD86C4027FCFFBD4" bold="true" box="[598,710,1086,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB090C72FD86C4027FC8FBD4" box="[598,705,1086,1112]" name="South Korea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">KOREA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FD1EC4037EB4FBD5" box="[718,957,1087,1113]" country="South Korea" name="Chungbuk" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chungcheongbuk-do</collectingRegion>
: Cheongwon-gun, Nami-myeon, Sudae-ri,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF47C45F7C1EFBF1" box="[151,279,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-06-07">7 Jun 2008</date>
, S.W. Park, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FE0CC45F7F13FBF1" box="[476,538,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SNU</collectionCode>
); Cheongwon-gun, Naesu-eup, Deokam-ri,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FBD7C45F799DFBF1" box="[1031,1172,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-06-22">22 Jun 2008</date>
, S.W. Park; 5♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FA83C45F7898FBF1" box="[1363,1425,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SNU</collectionCode>
). Chuncheongnam-do: Cheonan-si, Susin-myeon, Baekja-ri,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FCE8C4BA7EB5FB2D" box="[824,956,1158,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-10-05">5 Oct 2008</date>
, S.W. Park,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FB9CC4BB7971FB2D" box="[1100,1144,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FB5AC4BB79C1FB2D" box="[1162,1224,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SNU</collectionCode>
). Gyeongsangbukdo: Mt. Palgong,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FEB3C4977CF5FB49" box="[355,508,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-08-12">12 Aug 2008</date>
, R.K. Duwal &amp; S. Jung,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FCF3C4977E59FB49" box="[803,848,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FCB2C4977EA9FB49" box="[866,928,1195,1221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SNU</collectionCode>
); Geumhwa,-ri, Chilgok-gun, Gasan-myeon,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FF47C4F37C0BFB65" box="[151,258,1231,1257]" degrees="36.06611" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" value="36.06611">36.06611</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FEDEC4F27C73FB65" box="[270,378,1230,1257]" degrees="128.5575" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="5" value="128.5575">128.5575</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FE57C4F37F14FB65" box="[391,541,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2012-08-20">20 Aug 2012</date>
, H. Yoshitake,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FD19C4F37FFCFB65" box="[713,757,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FCD5C4F37E57FB65" box="[773,862,1231,1257]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FCA1C4F3795EFB65" box="[881,1111,1231,1257]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gyeongsangnam-do</collectingRegion>
: Geoje-si, Geoje Arboretum,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FF47C4CE7C50FA81" box="[151,345,1266,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-08-25" valueMax="2008-08-27" valueMin="2008-08-25">25–27 Aug 2008</date>
, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung, 2 ♂,
<specimenCount id="3FC5A1A8EB090C72FD19C4CF7FFCFA81" box="[713,757,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FCD7C4CF7E4CFA81" box="[775,837,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SNU</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB090C72FC89C4CF7EFDFA81" box="[857,1012,1267,1293]" country="South Korea" name="Jeonnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Jeollanam-do</collectingRegion>
: Gwangyang-si, Choosan,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FAF6C4CF7DDBFABD" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-06-16" valueMax="2008-06-19" valueMin="2008-06-16">16–19 Jun 2008</date>
, R.K. Duwal &amp; S. Jung, 2 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FDE9C52B7F7EFABD" box="[569,631,1303,1329]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SNU</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FD5DC52A7FFAFABC" bold="true" box="[653,755,1302,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB090C72FD5DC52A7FE7FABC" box="[653,750,1302,1328]" name="Nepal" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Solukhumbu, Kenja – Ramechhap, Changma,
<quantity id="EE3BC7C4EB090C72FAC3C52B7861FABD" box="[1299,1384,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2200.0">2,200m</quantity>
alt., 27.66, 86.45,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FEE0C5077CB5FAD9" box="[304,444,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1979-10-13">13 Oct 1979</date>
, M. Tomokuni, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FD73C5077FF5FAD9" box="[675,764,1339,1365]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h0ih-38y8" name="National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NIAES</collectionCode>
); Kathmandu Valley, Lalitpur, Godawari,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FB1CC5067815FAD9" box="[1228,1308,1338,1365]" degrees="27.577" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="27.577">27.577</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CF70CE6EB090C72FAF6C506787FFAD9" box="[1318,1398,1338,1365]" degrees="85.378" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="85.378">85.378</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5D7D4CE1EB090C72FA50C5077C09FAF5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2006-06-27">27 Jun 2006</date>
, T. Yasunaga &amp; R. K. Duwal, 1 ♂ (
<collectionCode id="4FD2F2E4EB090C72FD5AC5637FEAFAF5" box="[650,739,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NMTU</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB090C72FF17C5BE7ECDFA69" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB090C72FF17C5BE7ECDFA69" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FF17C5BE7C4BFA10" bold="true" box="[199,322,1410,1436]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This is a closely related sibling species of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FCFBC5BF790FFA12" authority="(Distant)" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[811,1030,1411,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FCFBC5BF7E9EFA10" box="[811,919,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. typicus</emphasis>
(Distant)
</taxonomicName>
, from which
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB090C72FB4DC5BF780CFA11" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani, 2020" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[1181,1285,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FB4DC5BF780CFA11" box="[1181,1285,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00840B48EB090C72FADEC5BF7842FA11" box="[1294,1355,1411,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished by the characters mentioned in the above key, and different structures of the male and female genitalia, and presence of appressed, lanceolate setae on median part of scutellum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB090C71FF17C5D27F04FE21" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB090C71FF17C5D27C9BFE06" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB090C72FF17C5D27C50F984" bold="true" box="[199,345,1518,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
Body generally fuscous, antlike, small, rather strongly constricted at middle (HCR =
<quantity id="EE3BC7C4EB090C72FAFCC5D27DA4F9A1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6383" metricValueMax="1.651" metricValueMin="1.6256" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="0.645" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.64">0.64–0.65 in</quantity>
average); dorsal surface weakly shining, with uniformly distributed, simple, brown or golden-brown setae. Head shiny fuscous, usually tinged with red below eyes, slightly wider than high. Antenna dark brown; basal part of segment I more or less whitish brown; segment II sometimes tinged with red, clavate; basal 1/3–1/2 of segment III and extreme base of IV creamy white. Labium shiny reddish brown, reaching apex of mesocoxa; segments III and IV creamy white; apical half of segment IV infuscate. Pronotum fuscous, shining, narrow; scutellum fuscous, weakly shining, with clustered scale-like setae at each corner, sparsely distributed, simple, semierect setae, and reclining, lanceolate setae mesally (cf.
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB090C72FD8EC6D77FA6F889" box="[606,687,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A. Left lateral habitus. B, K. Dorsal habitus. C, L. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D, J. Ventral habitus. E, F, M. Scutellum. G, N, O. Apex of pygophore (with sensory lobe of left paramere), left lateral view. H–I, P–Q. Metatarsus. G. Same, pretarsal structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596071/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
E–F); pleura dark brown; mesepimeron with clustered scale-like setae; scent efferent system grayish brown, with somewhat produced peritreme (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB090C72FBC1C733797FF8A5" box="[1041,1142,1806,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A. Left lateral habitus. B, K. Dorsal habitus. C, L. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D, J. Ventral habitus. E, F, M. Scutellum. G, N, O. Apex of pygophore (with sensory lobe of left paramere), left lateral view. H–I, P–Q. Metatarsus. G. Same, pretarsal structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596071/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
). Hemelytron more or less with grayish-silver pruinosity (probably due to reticular surface microstructure, cf. Fig. E–F) on corium and clavus (cf.
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB090C72FF14C76B7C48F8FD" box="[196,321,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus images of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–F) and P. typicus (G–I), live adult individuals. A. ♂. B. ♀. C. ♀, ventral view. D. ♀, ventral view. E. ♀, praying on an aphid. F. ♀, praying on a leafhopper nymph. G. ♂, from Kathmandu, Nepal. H. ♀, Surin, Thailand. I. ♀, Nagasaki, Japan, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596033/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3 A, C</figureCitation>
); median band of scale-like setae weakly winding, somewhat W-shaped; anterior 1/3 of corium with narrowly clustered scale-like setae; cuneus shining, without scale-like seta; membrane dark smoky brown. Coxae creamy white, except for wholly darkened mesocoxa; legs dark brown; profemur pale brown; each tibia pale brown, more or less darkened basally; metafemur weakly curved; each tarsus yellowish brown, with darkened apex; pretarsal structure as in
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FE96C0AB7CAFFF3D" box="[326,422,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A. Left lateral habitus. B, K. Dorsal habitus. C, L. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D, J. Ventral habitus. E, F, M. Scutellum. G, N, O. Apex of pygophore (with sensory lobe of left paramere), left lateral view. H–I, P–Q. Metatarsus. G. Same, pretarsal structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596071/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
; parempodia rather long. Abdomen shiny fuscous; sternum III with a pair of circularly clustered scale-like setae (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FE16C0877F2DFF59" box="[454,548,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus images of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–F) and P. typicus (G–I), live adult individuals. A. ♂. B. ♀. C. ♀, ventral view. D. ♀, ventral view. E. ♀, praying on an aphid. F. ♀, praying on a leafhopper nymph. G. ♂, from Kathmandu, Nepal. H. ♀, Surin, Thailand. I. ♀, Nagasaki, Japan, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596033/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FD20C0877E30FF59" box="[752,825,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,249,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-47@21.[151,1436,237,1858]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–E, I–K. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Nagasaki, Japan: A–C, K; Solkhumbu, Nepal: D–E, I–J). F–H, L–N. P. typicus (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand: F–G; India: H, L–M; Nagasaki: N). O. P. miyamotoi (Kochi Pref., Japan). P–S. P. pullulus (Amami-Oshima Is.). A– B, D, F–G, O–P. Endosoma (vesica). C, E, H, S. Phallotheca. I–N, Q–R. Parameres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596053/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 9</figureCitation>
A–E, I–K, 15G, 16A–F): Left paramere sprayed-out, widened, with apex of sensory lobe elongate, rounded, spatula-shaped (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FC7DC0E37EF4FF75" box="[941,1021,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,249,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-47@21.[151,1436,237,1858]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–E, I–K. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Nagasaki, Japan: A–C, K; Solkhumbu, Nepal: D–E, I–J). F–H, L–N. P. typicus (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand: F–G; India: H, L–M; Nagasaki: N). O. P. miyamotoi (Kochi Pref., Japan). P–S. P. pullulus (Amami-Oshima Is.). A– B, D, F–G, O–P. Endosoma (vesica). C, E, H, S. Phallotheca. I–N, Q–R. Parameres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596053/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 9I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FBD8C0E27932FF75" box="[1032,1083,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A. Left lateral habitus. B, K. Dorsal habitus. C, L. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D, J. Ventral habitus. E, F, M. Scutellum. G, N, O. Apex of pygophore (with sensory lobe of left paramere), left lateral view. H–I, P–Q. Metatarsus. G. Same, pretarsal structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596071/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">15G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FB96C0E3797EFF76" box="[1094,1143,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[151,1436,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–J) and female (K–O) genitalia for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A, H. Pygophore, dorsal view. B. Left paramere. C. Right paramere. D, G. Same, with exposed endosoma (vesica). E–F, I–J. Endosoma. K–O. Posterior wall of bursae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">16B</figureCitation>
); right paramere elongateovoid, with pointed hypophysis; median process of endosoma almost straight, weakly curved (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FB1FC13F783DFE92" box="[1231,1332,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[151,1436,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–J) and female (K–O) genitalia for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A, H. Pygophore, dorsal view. B. Left paramere. C. Right paramere. D, G. Same, with exposed endosoma (vesica). E–F, I–J. Endosoma. K–O. Posterior wall of bursae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16F</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FED8C11B7C54FECD" box="[264,349,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,192,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1419]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–B. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Tokyo, Japan). C–E. P. typicus (Nagasaki, Japan: C; India: D; Palawan, Philippines: E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596055/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 10</figureCitation>
A–B, 16M–O): Sclerotized ring narrowly folded laterally (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FC2AC11B7945FECD" box="[1018,1100,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,192,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1419]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–B. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Tokyo, Japan). C–E. P. typicus (Nagasaki, Japan: C; India: D; Palawan, Philippines: E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596055/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A–B); vestibular sclerite with right-lateral thumb-like knob (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FE3CC1777F5AFEE9" box="[492,595,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[155,1427,192,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1419]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Pilophorus spp. A–B. P. hyotan n. sp. (from Tokyo, Japan). C–E. P. typicus (Nagasaki, Japan: C; India: D; Palawan, Philippines: E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596055/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
); interramal lobe densely with 4–5 rows of developed spinules along distal margin (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FF25C1537C4CFE06" box="[245,325,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-27@30.[151,1436,181,1897]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of male (A–J) and female (K–O) genitalia for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A, H. Pygophore, dorsal view. B. Left paramere. C. Right paramere. D, G. Same, with exposed endosoma (vesica). E–F, I–J. Endosoma. K–O. Posterior wall of bursae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596073/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
M–O).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7DBC3AA9EB080C73FF47C72E7E3CF8FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4596033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596033/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1810,1834]" targetBox="[152,1436,181,1786]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB080C73FF47C72E7E3CF8FE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1810,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FF47C72E7C1DF8A6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1810,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Habitus images of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB080C73FE0DC72E7F90F8A6" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani, 2020" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[477,665,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FE0DC72E7F90F8A6" box="[477,665,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pilophorus hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00840B48EB080C73FD71C72F7FD1F8A6" box="[673,728,1811,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–F) and
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB080C73FC80C72F7EBBF8A6" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[848,946,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FC80C72F7EBBF8A6" box="[848,946,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G–I), live adult individuals.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FB34C72E79F5F8A6" bold="true" box="[1252,1276,1810,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A.</emphasis>
♂.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FAF4C72E783CF8A6" bold="true" box="[1316,1333,1810,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
. ♀.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FAB3C72E787CF8A6" bold="true" box="[1379,1397,1810,1834]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
. ♀, ventral view.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FEF4C70A7C3FF8C2" bold="true" box="[292,310,1846,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
. ♀, ventral view.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FE22C70A7F0AF8C2" bold="true" box="[498,515,1846,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
. ♀, praying on an aphid.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FCC0C70A7E16F8C2" bold="true" box="[784,799,1846,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
. ♀, praying on a leafhopper nymph.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FB73C70A79B4F8C2" bold="true" box="[1187,1213,1846,1870]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G.</emphasis>
♂, from Kathmandu, Nepal.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FF30C7667DFDF8FE" bold="true" box="[224,244,1882,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H</emphasis>
. ♀, Surin, Thailand.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB080C73FE1AC7667CDDF8FE" bold="true" box="[458,468,1882,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">I</emphasis>
. ♀, Nagasaki, Japan, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7DBC3AA9EB0B0C70FF47C72F7E77F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4596037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596037/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1811,1835]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1787]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0B0C70FF47C72F7E77F837" blockId="14.[151,1436,1811,1979]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FF47C72F7C1CF8A7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1811,1835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Life cycle and immature stages of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0B0C70FD56C72F7E4DF8A7" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani, 2020" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[646,836,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FD56C72F7E4DF8A7" box="[646,836,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pilophorus hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00840B48EB0B0C70FC9CC7287E8DF8A7" box="[844,900,1812,1835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–H) and
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0B0C70FBD3C728796FF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1027,1126,1812,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FBD3C728796FF8A7" box="[1027,1126,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(I–J), laboratory observations in Nagasaki, Japan.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FEB5C70B7C77F8C3" bold="true" box="[357,382,1847,1871]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
Mating pair (♂ left).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FD8FC70B7F79F8C3" bold="true" box="[607,624,1847,1871]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
. Eggs (exposed opercula) oviposited into border part between stem and root of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0B0C70FF47C7677DF3F8FE" box="[151,250,1883,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FF47C7677DF3F8FE" box="[151,250,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FEF1C7677C3AF8FF" bold="true" box="[289,307,1883,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
. First instar nymph, just after hatching.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FD12C7677FDDF8FF" bold="true" box="[706,724,1883,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
. Same, before molting to 2nd instar.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FB94C767795CF8FF" bold="true" box="[1092,1109,1883,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
. Second instar nymphs.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FA99C7677851F8FF" bold="true" box="[1353,1368,1883,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
. Third instar nymph.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FEFCC7437C4FF81B" bold="true" box="[300,326,1919,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G.</emphasis>
Fourth instar nymph with 5th (left).
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FD17C7437FD2F81B" bold="true" box="[711,731,1919,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
. Fifth instar nymph with its exuvia.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FB87C7437968F81B" bold="true" box="[1111,1121,1919,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
. Fourth instar nymph.
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0B0C70FA80C7437854F81B" bold="true" box="[1360,1373,1919,1943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
. Fifth instar nymph (feeding on brine-shrimp eggs) [MTNR = metanotal ridge].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0A0C71FF17C1AF7F04FE21" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" box="[199,525,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FF17C1AF7C77FE21" bold="true" box="[199,382,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Measurements.</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="64415F9AEB0A0C71FE63C1AF7F0EFE21" box="[435,519,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,152,176]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0A0C71FF17C18B7CEBFE79" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0A0C71FF17C18B7CEBFE79" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FF17C18B7C47FE5D" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
From a Japanese name of general
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FD26C18B7E7BFE5D" authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1826" box="[758,882,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FD26C18B7E7BFE5D" box="[758,882,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pilophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, Hyotan-kasumikame [= Gourd-shaped mirids]; a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0A0C71FF17C1C27ECBFC0D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0A0C71FF17C1C27F88FD41" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FF17C1C27C2EFD94" bold="true" box="[199,295,510,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
Field investigation from Mieda,
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0A0C71FD79C1C37E18FD95" box="[681,785,511,537]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FC8EC1C37EB0FD95" box="[862,953,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
, site 4) in 2018–2020 suggested this new species has at least three generations per year. The adult and immature forms were found throughout the year, but they seem to prefer epigeic habitat in winter. Under cold climatic condition both adults and nymphs were observed to stay on or near the ground surface densely covered with weeds. Beating or sweep-netting collection methods did not yield any specimens so engine-vacuum-netting was required for field sampling during the winter season (cf. Yasunaga et al., 2019;
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FE44C28F7F7CFD41" author="Tamada, Y. &amp; Hinami, H. &amp; Miyazaki, A. &amp; Yasunaga, T. &amp; Nagashima, T. &amp; Serrano Leon, S." box="[404,629,691,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref25462" refString="Tamada, Y., Hinami, H., Miyazaki, A., Yasunaga, T., Nagashima, T. &amp; Serrano Leon, S. (2020) Elucidation of cryptic ecology of ' Runner Plant Bugs' (Miridae: Phylinae: Hallodapini), with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism. Rostria, 65, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2020">Tamada et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0A0C71FF17C2EB7ECBFC0D" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Most investigation sites where
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FDF7C2EB7F86FD7D" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[551,655,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FDF7C2EB7F86FD7D" box="[551,655,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found are grasslands or shrubs dominated by
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FB1CC2EB7830FD7D" box="[1228,1337,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FB1CC2EB7830FD7D" box="[1228,1337,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Artemisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
herbs or
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FF47C2C77DF5FC98" box="[151,252,763,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FF47C2C77DF5FC98" box="[151,252,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pueraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vines. Quite a few specimens were also collected from inflorescences of various dicot angiosperms (see above material section). Predation on aphids, psyllids, leafhoppers and whiteflies was frequently observed (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FAECC3237872FCB5" box="[1340,1403,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[152,1436,181,1786]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus images of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–F) and P. typicus (G–I), live adult individuals. A. ♂. B. ♀. C. ♀, ventral view. D. ♀, ventral view. E. ♀, praying on an aphid. F. ♀, praying on a leafhopper nymph. G. ♂, from Kathmandu, Nepal. H. ♀, Surin, Thailand. I. ♀, Nagasaki, Japan, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596033/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E– F). All developmental stages of
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FE2DC37F7F6DFCD1" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani, 2020" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[509,612,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FE2DC37F7F6DFCD1" box="[509,612,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="00840B48EB0A0C71FDBCC37F7FA1FCD1" box="[620,680,835,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were successfully reared (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FC01C37F791AFCD1" box="[977,1043,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Life cycle and immature stages of Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (A–H) and P. typicus (I–J), laboratory observations in Nagasaki, Japan. A. Mating pair (♂ left). B. Eggs (exposed opercula) oviposited into border part between stem and root of Artemisia sp. C. First instar nymph, just after hatching. D. Same, before molting to 2nd instar. E. Second instar nymphs. F. Third instar nymph. G. Fourth instar nymph with 5th (left). H. Fifth instar nymph with its exuvia. I. Fourth instar nymph. J. Fifth instar nymph (feeding on brine-shrimp eggs) [MTNR = metanotal ridge]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596037/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–H) on fermented milk beverage, dried bloodworms and dried brine-shrimp eggs (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FD0AC35B7EBFFC0D" author="Fukuda, K. &amp; Kataoka, K. &amp; Ozaki, M. &amp; Sasano, H. &amp; Yasunaga, T. &amp; Asanabe, H." box="[730,950,871,897]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2" refId="ref24229" refString="Fukuda, K., Kataoka, K., Ozaki, M., Sasano, H., Yasunaga, T. &amp; Asanabe, H. (2020) A preliminary assessment of the nymphal characters for ant-mimetic plant bugs of the genus Pilophorus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia, 20 (2). [in press]" type="journal article" year="2020">Fukuda et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D939AAEB0A0C71FF17C3B67C22F915" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0A0C71FF17C3B67FEDFA11" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FF17C3B67C45FC28" bold="true" box="[199,332,906,932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discussion.</emphasis>
The Japanese population, which had been identified solely as the widespread
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FB3FC3B77857FC28" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1263,1374,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FB3FC3B77857FC28" box="[1263,1374,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was supposed to include two species groups (Yasunaga, 1999), and subsequent molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA by
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FED2C3EF7CBBFC61" author="Ito, K. &amp; Nishikawa, H. &amp; Shimada, T. &amp; Ogawa, K. &amp; Minamiya, Y. &amp; Hayakawa, H. &amp; Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R." box="[258,434,979,1005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="191 - 195" refId="ref24334" refString="Ito, K., Nishikawa, H., Shimada, T., Ogawa, K., Minamiya, Y., Hayakawa, H., Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R. (2009) Molecular identification of genotypes of Pilophorus typicus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Japan using PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Environment Control in Biology, 47 (4), 191 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.2525 / ecb. 47.191" type="journal article" year="2009">Ito et al. (2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FE10C3EF7CF0FC61" author="Ito, K. &amp; Nishikawa, H. &amp; Shimada, T. &amp; Ogawa, K. &amp; Minamiya, T. &amp; Tomoda, M. &amp; Nakahira, K. &amp; Kodama, R. &amp; Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R." box="[448,505,979,1005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="18" refId="ref24423" refString="Ito, K., Nishikawa, H., Shimada, T., Ogawa, K., Minamiya, T., Tomoda, M., Nakahira, K., Kodama, R., Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R. (2011) Analysis of genetic variation and phylogeny of the predatory bug, Pilophorus typicus, in Japan using mitochondrial gene sequences. Journal of Insect Science, 11 (1), 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.011.0118" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
) also recognized that the species conventionally identified as
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FB16C3EF783AFC60" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1222,1331,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FB16C3EF783AFC60" box="[1222,1331,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FA8CC3EF7895FC61" box="[1372,1436,979,1005]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
consisted of two genotypes. The present new species represents ‘clade II’ sensu
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FBE8C3CB79F8FB9D" author="Ito, K. &amp; Nishikawa, H. &amp; Shimada, T. &amp; Ogawa, K. &amp; Minamiya, T. &amp; Tomoda, M. &amp; Nakahira, K. &amp; Kodama, R. &amp; Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R." box="[1080,1265,1015,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="18" refId="ref24423" refString="Ito, K., Nishikawa, H., Shimada, T., Ogawa, K., Minamiya, T., Tomoda, M., Nakahira, K., Kodama, R., Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R. (2011) Analysis of genetic variation and phylogeny of the predatory bug, Pilophorus typicus, in Japan using mitochondrial gene sequences. Journal of Insect Science, 11 (1), 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.011.0118" type="journal article" year="2011">Ito et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. A preliminary molecular analysis by one of the authors (Nakatani, unpublished data) evidently supports the presence of at least two cryptic siblings, or
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FE4CC4037F0CFBD4" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[412,517,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FE4CC4037F0CFBD4" box="[412,517,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FDEAC4037FA9FBD5" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[570,672,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FDEAC4037FA9FBD5" box="[570,672,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FD7EC4037E0EFBD5" box="[686,775,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Although the two clades have different distribution ranges in temperate climate zones in
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FE3AC45F7F23FBF1" box="[490,554,1123,1149]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FDB2C45F7FAFFBF1" box="[610,678,1123,1149]" name="South Korea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Korea</collectingCountry>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FD0CC45F7E74FBF1" author="Ito, K. &amp; Nishikawa, H. &amp; Shimada, T. &amp; Ogawa, K. &amp; Minamiya, T. &amp; Tomoda, M. &amp; Nakahira, K. &amp; Kodama, R. &amp; Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R." box="[732,893,1123,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="18" refId="ref24423" refString="Ito, K., Nishikawa, H., Shimada, T., Ogawa, K., Minamiya, T., Tomoda, M., Nakahira, K., Kodama, R., Fukuda, T. &amp; Arakawa, R. (2011) Analysis of genetic variation and phylogeny of the predatory bug, Pilophorus typicus, in Japan using mitochondrial gene sequences. Journal of Insect Science, 11 (1), 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.011.0118" type="journal article" year="2011">Ito et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), we found the individuals of both groups occur in southwestern
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FE85C4BB7C9CFB2D" box="[341,405,1159,1185]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
including some subtropical islands of the Ryukyus (cf.
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FBCFC4BB7972FB2D" box="[1055,1147,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FB14C4BB7803FB2D" box="[1220,1290,1159,1185]" name="Nepal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FAC8C4BB7863FB2D" box="[1304,1386,1159,1185]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FF47C4977DF3FB49" box="[151,250,1195,1221]" name="Vietnam" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. The current molecular-based results are provisional, as
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FCB6C4977EC5FB49" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal &amp; Nakatani" authorityYear="2020" box="[870,972,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyotan">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FCB6C4977EC5FB49" box="[870,972,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. hyotan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confirmed to be distributed over broader regions from the
<collectingCountry id="51D42AB1EB0A0C71FE68C4F37CF1FB65" box="[440,504,1231,1257]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Japan</collectingCountry>
archipelago to SE Asia, west to the Himalayas. Each species can be distinguished by characters in the above key (couplet 21). Nonetheless, it is sometimes difficult to make a correct identification by external characters alone, due to intraspecific variation in size and condition of specimen (vestiture liable to be rubbed away while collecting or mounting). Exact identification of such ambiguous specimens may be only performed by dissecting the genitalia; but usually the male can be determined readily by observing shape of the left paramere (in left lateral view, cf.
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FDDCC5BF7F51FA11" box="[524,600,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[151,1436,181,1903]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 15. Scanning electron micrographs for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. (with black circles●) and P. typicus. A. Left lateral habitus. B, K. Dorsal habitus. C, L. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. D, J. Ventral habitus. E, F, M. Scutellum. G, N, O. Apex of pygophore (with sensory lobe of left paramere), left lateral view. H–I, P–Q. Metatarsus. G. Same, pretarsal structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596071/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
N–O vs. G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="297C6A21EB0A0C71FF17C59B7C22F915" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,1689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
During recent field investigations in
<collectingRegion id="EB07A4C3EB0A0C71FD53C59B7FE2FA4D" box="[643,747,1447,1473]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
City by the first author and NWHS members (
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FAE0C59B7887FA4D" box="[1328,1422,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
), populations of the present new species were collected principally at grasslands or shrubs on the outskirts of the town, foothills or near broadleaf forests (i.e. ‘Satoyama’ zone, cf.
<bibRefCitation id="4D5217D0EB0A0C71FC59C5D37934F985" author="Berglund, B. E." box="[905,1085,1519,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="53 - 68" refId="ref24091" refString="Berglund, B. E. (2008) Satoyama, traditional farming landscape in Japan, compared to Scandinavia. Japan Review, 20, 53 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008">Berglund, 2008</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="EEC311A2EB0A0C71FB66C5D3782BF984" baseAuthorityName="Distant" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1206,1314,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus">
<emphasis id="1BB7B633EB0A0C71FB66C5D3782BF984" box="[1206,1314,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. typicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was taken from vegetables, ornamental plants or weeds at parks and small gardens in urbanized zones and residential quarters (whitish areas on
<figureCitation id="B1F876A4EB0A0C71FE8DC60B7CBAF9DD" box="[349,435,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,984]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Provisional result of molecular analysis for Pilophorus hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus (a-j in black and white circles showing sampling sites on cladogram). B. Distribution pattern of P. hyotan n. sp. and P. typicus in Nagasaki City area, SW Japan (numbers in square brackets corresponding to those mentioned in material examined section of respective species)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4596049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4596049/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Current evidence suggests that the two sibling species may segregate respective habitat, or niches. However, the origin and speciation pattern of each species are still enigmatic, because of their widespread distributions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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