131 lines
14 KiB
XML
131 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1D27F4D138EBA3745871FFCC6A9CB5BD">Ascidian fauna (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) of subantarctic and temperate regions of Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8317067B07DFA8029DD415BB6658AD3">Turon, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70CD1F6FE541F845397A063ACCE54E01">Cañete, Juan I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91F96BA101149FBA98C02EC1D5DBC071">Sellanes, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8335D6793E61FFD51248E987AA8F8F75">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B9DA74F31C84CE70485F08FD01D6211">López-Legentil, Susanna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2A050A6630C65306217F477B5EC1CF75">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4BB388A9397244CAE62892E44A3AF329">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="621420FC5565C169938DFAC1561EBE85">4093</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A9B49E633BBCE3992DFDC08237890442" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C88E54FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFB4C3786" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5630328" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119208945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5630328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C88E54FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFB4C3786" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C88E54FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFB4C3786" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFEE1349E" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFDD634B1" blockId="14.[151,571,1197,1256]" box="[151,571,1197,1223]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<heading id="D096882EFF97FFBDFF77B2DAFDD634B1" bold="true" box="[151,571,1197,1223]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFDD634B1" authority="Heller, 1878" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,571,1197,1223]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Asterocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFDD634B1" bold="true" box="[151,571,1197,1223]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFF77B2DAFE6134B1" bold="true" box="[151,396,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Asterocarpa humilis</emphasis>
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(Heller, 1878)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF77B2B8FEE1349E" blockId="14.[151,571,1197,1256]" box="[151,268,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<figureCitation id="135A23C7FF97FFBDFF77B2B8FF1E349E" box="[151,243,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1464,1486]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1442]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A, Ciona robusta on a buoy, note also some Asterocarpa humilis (orange-coloured). Corella eumyota. B, whole individual; C, dissected individual; D, right side of the mantle, branchial sac eliminated. Inset shows magnification of the zone of the genital openings. The specimen in C and D has been stained. Scale bars: A, 10 cm, B, 2 mm, C, D, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267674/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135A23C7FF97FFBDFF1EB2A7FEE1349E" box="[254,268,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1226,1248]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1193]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,195,1204]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Asterocarpa humilis. A, some specimens on Pyura chilensis (orange papillae belong to P. chilensis tunic); B, close up of the siphons (a colony of Diplosoma listerianum grows on the tunic); C, dissected individual; D, close up of the digestive loop, branchial sac removed; E, gonads of the right-hand side, branchial sac removed. The specimens in C – E have been stained. Scale bars: A, 2 cm, B, 1 cm, C, 1 cm, D, E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267675/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF97FFBDFF77B365FE8335FA" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF77B365FD233531" blockId="14.[151,1435,1298,1351]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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References and synonymy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF97FFBDFE5EB365FC64355E" authority="Van Name (1945)" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[446,905,1298,1320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFE5EB365FD2D355E" box="[446,704,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Cnemidocarpa robinsoni</emphasis>
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Van Name (1945)
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</taxonomicName>
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p. 271;
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF97FFBDFC0CB364FAA8355E" authority="Kott (1985)" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1985" box="[1004,1349,1298,1320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Asterocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFC0CB364FB52355E" box="[1004,1215,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Asterocarpa humilis</emphasis>
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Kott (1985)
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</taxonomicName>
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p. 141;
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF97FFBDFF27B346FD633531" authority="Monniot et al. 2001" authorityName="Monniot et al." authorityYear="2001" box="[199,654,1329,1351]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFF27B346FE423531" box="[199,431,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Cnemidocarpa humilis</emphasis>
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(Monniot
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFDFAB345FDA33531" box="[538,590,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
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2001)
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</taxonomicName>
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p. 98.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF77B303FE8335FA" blockId="14.[151,1437,1396,2033]" box="[151,366,1396,1421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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Localities: 2N,
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<specimenCount id="9D67F4CBFF97FFBDFEA4B303FE8335FA" box="[324,366,1396,1420]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">3N.</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF97FFBDFF27B3E0FB7E37F3" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF27B3E0FB2F3636" blockId="14.[151,1437,1396,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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The individuals of this species reach
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<quantity id="4C9992A7FF97FFBDFD9AB3EFFD5935D9" box="[634,692,1432,1456]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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in length, and are typically fixed by the ventral side, with both siphons close together in the flat upper surface. The species often forms clumps on top of artificial substrates or other ascidians. The tunic is hard and vivid orange in colour. In live specimens, the siphons are quadrangular, with four broad white-yellow stripes on a reddish background. In-between the wider stripes there are other fine and incomplete whitish bands. The internal tunic of the siphons has wide and blunt siphonal spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF27B03BFF36376E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1396,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">The mantle is muscular and strong. The inner part of the atrial siphon bears a velum with small papillae. The internal organization is typical of a styelid, with simple tentacles, simple dorsal lamina, and four branchial folds. The number of longitudinal vessels on the folds is between 8 and 11, with 2–4 vessels between folds (and none between the dorsal-most fold and the dorsal lamina). The digestive has an ovoid stomach and an intestine forming a rather closed primary loop and a marked secondary loop. There are endocarps in the primary and secondary loops.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF27B153FB7E37F3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1396,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">The gonads are characteristic of the species. On the right hand side they form an anastomosed mass of tubular gonads along the ventral midline. A few gonoduct apertures can be seen, facing different directions. On the left the gonad also forms a mass, but much smaller, anterior to the upper part of the intestinal loop.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF97FFBDFF27B1F8FB4C3786" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF97FFBDFF27B1F8FB4C3786" blockId="14.[151,1437,1396,2033]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFF27B1F8FED637DE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1935,1960]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</emphasis>
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the species has been reported from the Juan Fernandez Islands as
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF97FFBDFBA3B1E7FEC437BB" authority="Van Name 1945" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFBA3B1E7FAB037DE" box="[1091,1373,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Cnemidocarpa robinsoni</emphasis>
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(Van Name 1945)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Clarke & Castilla (2000) found it for the first time in continental
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<collectingCountry id="F3767FD2FF97FFBDFBDFB1C3FB9637BB" box="[1087,1147,1972,1997]" name="Chile" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Chile</collectingCountry>
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(Antofagasta Bay). This southern hemisphere species has been introduced into European waters (Bishop
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF97FFBDFBFAB1AEFBBF3786" box="[1050,1106,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
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2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |