323 lines
37 KiB
XML
323 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="D814796365111A29BB80265EBBB12897" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183373" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d7eca74-c851-4e3a-9503-9c3909a8ccc8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183373" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459904382763" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Artois, Tom J. & Tessens, Bart S." docDate="2008" docId="03C687D8FFAAFF54FF69E6EAFC570ACD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01849p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1849" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paraustrorhynchus neleae Artois & Tessens, 2008, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFFFFFA0FFA3FF5EFFFEE43FFF870F79" masterDocTitle="Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve new species" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698228922093" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B5AC55F5EA3FBCFB729A8C8EE53887DB">
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<mods:title id="1281CA3E3729A976431F78E1CB34FB6E">Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C1571E23BCBA93BF57F55BE67EB1C5B0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B2FD0036BADD124003D6E1DA17CA2C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7C9E7AD88E97981BC8E3D8CF97AD7B95">Artois, Tom J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="29467BEE5DD22C779F627097AAD18DCE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6DD69FB6DB7C9C373453AFFC9F60AFF6">Tessens, Bart S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="97F623FDAD3E7DB60D781824647C3F53">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4CA9AA1F7A0FFD641F81DFDF7E997362">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1D956767464D3147E6564781257286E8">
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<mods:date id="19D8CFC54BBF8999C82ED25108F530AA">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C2635E8EEF4973DC658C00EC5B489D02" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="54F3F3F56C7AE95B4A16641DC538A718">1849</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="10093EC3A1874654391270BBBDFC8948">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="75B84A4C0D74816361DC89F0F7FA23A4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="41C27D09C8691FBF0828D1515EF2E766" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E1CE23D3D84A5E6E3B82914EA2CC7492" type="Zenodo-Dep">183373</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C687D8FFAAFF54FF69E6EAFC570ACD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6229707" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119373267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6229707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D8FFAAFF54FF69E6EAFC570ACD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D8FFAAFF54FF69E6EAFC570ACD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C3756545FFAAFF57FF69E6EAFEE50C6B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF57FF69E6EAFDA70D96" blockId="9.[151,544,725,786]" box="[151,544,725,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D09881A2FFAAFF57FF69E6EAFDA70D96" bold="true" box="[151,544,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FF69E6EAFDA70D96" bold="true" box="[151,544,725,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFAAFF57FF69E6EAFE500D96" ID-CoL="6TRT5" box="[151,471,725,751]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neleae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FF69E6EAFE500D96" bold="true" box="[151,471,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Paraustrorhynchus neleae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22857A7FFAAFF57FE20E6EAFDA70D96" box="[478,544,725,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF57FF69E6C7FEE50C6B" blockId="9.[151,544,725,786]" box="[151,354,760,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFAAFF57FF61E6C7FF630C6B" box="[159,228,760,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,232,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[207,1386,194,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraustrorhynchus neleae n. sp. A, Habitus (from a live animal). B, H, Prostate stylet type II (from the holotype). C, I, Prostate stylet type III (from the holotype). P. elixus. D, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Kenya). E, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Kenya). F, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Brazil). G, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Brazil). J, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from New Caledonia). Arrows explained in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183375/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–C, H–I)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3756545FFAAFF57FF69E778FD0C0B7B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF57FF69E778FD0C0B7B" blockId="9.[151,1437,839,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FF69E778FD930C18" bold="true" box="[151,532,839,865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Localities in the Indian ocean</emphasis>
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. English Point,
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<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFAAFF57FD24E777FCC90C1B" box="[730,846,840,866]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFAAFF57FC9FE777FC320C1B" box="[865,949,840,866]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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): at
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<quantity id="4C979B2BFFAAFF57FC15E777FB9C0C1B" box="[1003,1051,840,866]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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depth on
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFAAFF57FB67E777FA120C18" box="[1177,1429,840,865]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hemprichii">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FB67E777FA120C18" box="[1177,1429,840,865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thalassia hemprichii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, partly covered with the epiphyte
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFAAFF57FDDCE74FFCCB0CF0" box="[546,844,880,905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cymodoceaceae" genus="Syringodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="isoetifolium">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FDDCE74FFCCB0CF0" box="[546,844,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Syringodium isoetifolium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<date id="FFD1100EFFAAFF57FCA3E74FFC620CF3" box="[861,997,880,906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1987-06-09">09/06/1987</date>
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) (
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FC01E74FFBB40CF3" box="[1023,1075,880,906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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locality). Kanamai,
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<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFAAFF57FAD6E74FFA1B0CF3" box="[1320,1436,880,906]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mombasa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFAAFF57FF61E7A7FF740CCB" box="[159,243,920,946]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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): flattened red algae from a big tide pool on the reef, ±
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<quantity id="4C979B2BFFAAFF57FC81E7A7FC3B0CCB" box="[895,956,920,946]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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south of the institute (
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<date id="FFD1100EFFAAFF57FB3BE7A7FAD60CCB" box="[1221,1361,920,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1992-10-15">15/10/1992</date>
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).
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<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFAAFF57FA9BE7A7FF550CA3" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
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Island (
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<collectingCountry id="F378765EFFAAFF57FECBE7FFFE210CA3" box="[309,422,960,986]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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): Mbweni, beach behind the Mbweni Ruins Hotel, north of the creek, in a tide pool with a broad-leafed seagrass (
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<date id="FFD1100EFFAAFF57FE0DE7D7FDF80B7B" box="[499,639,1000,1026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1995-08-17">17/08/1995</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3756545FFAAFF57FF3BE030FE100B03" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF57FF3BE030FE100B03" blockId="9.[151,1437,839,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FF3BE030FEB50B50" bold="true" box="[197,306,1039,1065]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material</emphasis>
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. Several animals studied alive. Three whole mounts from the
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FBE7E02FFBCB0B53" box="[1049,1100,1040,1066]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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locality; one of them designated
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FF21E007FEC10B2B" box="[223,326,1080,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED7EAE0BFFAAFF57FEA8E007FE280B2B" box="[342,431,1080,1106]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SMNH</collectionCode>
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, no. 7443), the other two
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FD1DE007FCCF0B2B" box="[739,840,1080,1106]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(HU, nos. 353-354). One whole mount from each of the other localities.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3756545FFAAFF57FF3BE0B8FCBE0BDB" box="[197,825,1159,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF57FF3BE0B8FCBE0BDB" blockId="9.[151,1437,839,2026]" box="[197,825,1159,1186]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FF3BE0B8FECD0BD8" bold="true" box="[197,330,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Named after Nele Spelmans, wife of TA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3756545FFAAFF54FF3BE090FDE40E7B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF57FF3BE090FB280AEB" blockId="9.[151,1437,839,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FF3BE090FED20BB0" bold="true" box="[197,341,1199,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
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. The animals are opaque, brown-green pigmented on the dorsal surface, the ventral surface is unpigmented. They are
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<quantity id="4C979B2BFFAAFF57FE53E0E7FDBD0B8B" box="[429,570,1240,1266]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0,6–0,9 mm</quantity>
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long (measured on whole mounts), with two eyes. The proboscis is rather small, only about 1/7 of the body length long. The pharynx is in the first body half and slightly inclined forwards. The gonads are paired. The two testes are rather small and lie at the level of the pharynx. The ovaries are situated in the caudal body end. The vitellaria extend at both sides of the body from the eyes to the rear end of the body. Male and female atrial system as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFAAFF57FD31E147FB2C0AEB" authority="Karling & Schockaert, 1977" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" box="[719,1195,1400,1426]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFAAFF57FD31E147FCD10AE8" box="[719,854,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. pacificus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFAAFF57FCA3E147FB2C0AEB" author="Karling" box="[861,1195,1400,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="26" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19." type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFAAFF54FF38E19FFDE40E7B" blockId="9.[151,1437,839,2026]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,1460]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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There are two hard parts in the proximal part of the male atrium: a prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FB6FE19FFB430AC3" box="[1169,1220,1440,1466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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II (
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<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFAAFF57FB0EE19FFAB00AC3" box="[1264,1335,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,232,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[207,1386,194,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraustrorhynchus neleae n. sp. A, Habitus (from a live animal). B, H, Prostate stylet type II (from the holotype). C, I, Prostate stylet type III (from the holotype). P. elixus. D, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Kenya). E, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Kenya). F, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Brazil). G, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Brazil). J, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from New Caledonia). Arrows explained in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183375/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B) and a prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FEBFE1F7FEF30A9B" box="[321,372,1480,1506]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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III (
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<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFAAFF57FE56E1F7FE680A9B" box="[424,495,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,232,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[207,1386,194,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraustrorhynchus neleae n. sp. A, Habitus (from a live animal). B, H, Prostate stylet type II (from the holotype). C, I, Prostate stylet type III (from the holotype). P. elixus. D, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Kenya). E, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Kenya). F, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Brazil). G, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Brazil). J, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from New Caledonia). Arrows explained in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183375/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C). The prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FD06E1F7FCAC0A9B" box="[760,811,1480,1506]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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II is double-walled. At about its midpoint, it makes a 90° turn, which makes the curved distal part of the stylet run perpendicular to the proximal part. Distally the stylet tapers gradually to end in a sharp point. The inner stylet can be followed almost over the whole length of the outer stylet. Only in the proximal 1/5 is it lacking. At one side, the proximal part of the outer stylet shows a longitudinal slit (
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<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFAAFF57FE85E257FE4209FB" box="[379,453,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,232,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[207,1386,194,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraustrorhynchus neleae n. sp. A, Habitus (from a live animal). B, H, Prostate stylet type II (from the holotype). C, I, Prostate stylet type III (from the holotype). P. elixus. D, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Kenya). E, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Kenya). F, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Brazil). G, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Brazil). J, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from New Caledonia). Arrows explained in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183375/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B, indicated by an arrow), which broadens at the level of the proximal end of the inner stylet, leaving the inner stylet apparently uncovered at this side. The prostate stylet
|
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FB4CE2AFFB6209D3" box="[1202,1253,1680,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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||
II is 64–74 µm long (= 71, n = 5). An ovoid prostate vesicle
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FD38E287FD7E09AB" box="[710,761,1720,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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||
II is connected to this stylet. It has a very thick muscular wall. The prostate stylet
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<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FE45E2DFFE690983" box="[443,494,1760,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
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III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13542A4BFFAAFF57FDDAE2DFFDEC0983" box="[548,619,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,232,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[207,1386,194,1801]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraustrorhynchus neleae n. sp. A, Habitus (from a live animal). B, H, Prostate stylet type II (from the holotype). C, I, Prostate stylet type III (from the holotype). P. elixus. D, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Kenya). E, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Kenya). F, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from Brazil). G, Prostate stylet type II (from the same specimen from Brazil). J, Prostate stylet type III (from a specimen from New Caledonia). Arrows explained in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183375/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) consists of two long arms, proximally connected to a single broad folded plate. These arms extend from the two proximal corners of the plate, curving towards each other and broadening distally. The distal ends are very broad and are provided with teeth (often very difficult to see on the smallest of the two arms). The muscles surrounding the male atrium form a thick muscular bulb at the proximal end of this stylet. Measurements of the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FC82E3BFFC2808E3" box="[892,943,1920,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D69FD47FFAAFF57FC1CE3BFFBFE08E3" box="[994,1145,1920,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): length 24 – 37 µm (= 29); proximal width: 39–42 µm (= 40); width in the middle: 5–9 µm (= 7); distal width 18–39 µm (= 31). Some glands are associated with the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FCDBE3EFFCD00893" box="[805,855,2000,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III, probably a prostate vesicle
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFAAFF57FB37E3EFFB7B0893" box="[1225,1276,2000,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III. The seminal vesicles are relatively small. The short ejaculatory duct enters the proximal part of the male atrium near to the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FE95E4FFFE1A0FA3" box="[363,413,192,218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III. The male atrium is very broad and muscular. At one side it has a large fold in which large amounts of sperm were observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFA9FF54FF3BE530FEE50E8B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFA9FF54FF3BE530FEE50E8B" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FF3BE530FEBA0E50" bold="true" box="[197,317,271,297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FE30E52FFB830E53" authority="Karling & Schockaert, 1977" authorityName="Karling & Schockaert" authorityYear="1977" box="[462,1028,272,298]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FE30E52FFD280E50" box="[462,687,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraustrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFA9FF54FD48E52FFB830E53" author="Karling" box="[694,1028,272,298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="26" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19." type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FAF2E52FFAB80E53" box="[1292,1343,272,298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II of ca 71 µm long, that makes a 90° turn at about its midpoint. Distal end very sharp. Outer stylet leaves the inner stylet partly uncovered proximally. Prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FD1AE55FFC910E03" box="[740,790,352,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III consisting of a common proximal plate from which two arms depart. Both arms curved towards each other, with broad distal ends showing broad teeth. Prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FF20E58FFE960EB3" box="[222,273,432,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III ca 29 µm long, proximally ca 40 µm, in the middle ca 7 µm and distally ca 31 µm broad. Without female bursa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3756545FFA9FF54FF3BE5C0FC570ACD" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFA9FF54FF3BE5C0FC280DEB" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FF3BE5C0FECE0D60" bold="true" box="[197,329,511,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FEA5E63FFE440D60" box="[347,451,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. n e l e a e</emphasis>
|
||
shows all the diagnostic features of the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FC00E63FFB580D60" box="[1022,1247,512,537]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FC00E63FFB580D60" box="[1022,1247,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraustrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFA9FF54FADCE63FFED80D3B" author="Karling" pageId="10" pageNumber="26" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19." type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Only the absence of insemination ducts should be checked on sections, but as the rest of the organisation as observed in living animals and whole mounts is completely as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FBADE66FFAB30D10" box="[1107,1332,592,617]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FBADE66FFAB30D10" box="[1107,1332,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraustrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we presume that insemination ducts are indeed lacking in the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFA9FF54FF38E69FFB890CAD" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Until now, only three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FDACE69FFCB40DC0" box="[594,819,672,697]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FDACE69FFCB40DC0" box="[594,819,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraustrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were known:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FC1FE69FFBC50DC0" box="[993,1090,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. e l i x u s</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FBA8E69FFF550D9B" authority="Willems et al., 2006" authorityName="Willems et al." authorityYear="2006" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caligatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FBA8E69FFB660DC0" box="[1110,1249,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. caligatus</emphasis>
|
||
Willems
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FAA9E69FFA130DC0" box="[1367,1428,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FEF5E6F7FE150D98" box="[267,402,712,737]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FEF5E6F7FE150D98" box="[267,402,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FE3FE6F7FD980D98" box="[449,543,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. e l i x u s</emphasis>
|
||
the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FCFFE6F7FCB30D9B" box="[769,820,712,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II is a very small hook, while its prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FA97E6F7FA1C0D9B" box="[1385,1435,712,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III is clearly bipartite. This is not the case in the three other species, which have a rather long prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FF69E727FF4D0C4B" box="[151,202,792,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II and a prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FE17E727FD9B0C4B" box="[489,540,792,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III that consists of a common proximal base from which two arms depart. Moreover, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FEC6E77CFE1E0C25" box="[312,409,835,860]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elixus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FEC6E77CFE1E0C25" box="[312,409,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. elixus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a female bursa is present,1 which is lacking in the other three species. All these differences cast some doubts on the relationship between
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FD03E754FCDC0CFD" box="[765,859,875,900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. e l i x u s</emphasis>
|
||
and the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FB7AE754FAE20CFD" box="[1156,1381,875,900]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FB7AE754FAE20CFD" box="[1156,1381,875,900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paraustrorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFA9FF54FF30E7ADFD9F0CD5" author="Karling" box="[206,536,914,940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="26" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6, 5 - 19." type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but for the time being, i.e. before a proper cladistical analysis of the entire taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FF21E785FE0C0CAD" box="[223,395,954,980]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Polycystididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is carried through, we refrain from splitting the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFA9FF54FF38E7DDFB1C0B95" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The fact that the distal half of the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FD06E7DDFCAD0C85" box="[760,810,994,1020]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II runs perpendicular to the proximal half clearly distinguishes
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FEEBE034FEFC0B5D" box="[277,379,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. n e l e a e</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FE39E034FDC90B5D" box="[455,590,1035,1060]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FE39E034FDC90B5D" box="[455,590,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FC7CE035FC320B5D" box="[898,949,1034,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II is evenly curved. Moreover stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FA97E035FA1B0B5D" box="[1385,1436,1034,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II is almost twice as long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FE1CE00CFDEE0B35" box="[482,617,1075,1100]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FE1CE00CFDEE0B35" box="[482,617,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(± 125 µm) as it is in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FC90E00CFC5F0B35" box="[878,984,1075,1100]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FC90E00CFC5F0B35" box="[878,984,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. neleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(± 71 µm). The prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FABBE00DFAFF0B35" box="[1349,1400,1074,1100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III is very similar in both species, with the two arms widening abruptly distally. The distal rims of both arms are completely serrated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FE5CE0BCFD8D0BE5" box="[418,522,1155,1180]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FE5CE0BCFD8D0BE5" box="[418,522,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. neleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FDC7E0BCFD380BE5" box="[569,703,1155,1180]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FDC7E0BCFD380BE5" box="[569,703,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
one of the arms has a completely serrated distal rim, while the other one is somewhat forked, with one small, serrated part and the other one not serrated. Also prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FF69E0EDFF4D0B95" box="[151,202,1234,1260]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III is much larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FE3CE0ECFDCF0B95" box="[450,584,1235,1260]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FE3CE0ECFDCF0B95" box="[450,584,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(± 140 µm long) than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FC8EE0ECFC520B95" box="[880,981,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. n e l e a e</emphasis>
|
||
(± 29 µm long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD036CEFFA9FF54FF38E0C4FC570ACD" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FF38E0C4FECB0A6D" box="[198,332,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. c a l i g a t u s</emphasis>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FDF4E0C4FDE80A6D" box="[522,623,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. n e l e a e</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FD53E0C4FCB20A6D" box="[685,821,1275,1300]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FD53E0C4FCB20A6D" box="[685,821,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from both in that the prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FA97E0C5FA1C0A6D" box="[1385,1435,1274,1300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II is straight and typically boot-shaped (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFA9FF54FD5DE11DFC260A45" author="Willems" box="[675,929,1314,1340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" refString="Willems, W., Schockaert, E. & Artois, T. (2006 b) Report on the Polycystididae (Kalyptorhynchia, Rhabdocoela) from Australia, with the description of 12 new species and 6 new genera. Hydrobiologia, 563, 329 - 355." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Willems
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FCF0E11CFCCC0A45" box="[782,843,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is even smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FB16E11CFAD40A45" box="[1256,1363,1315,1340]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FB16E11CFAD40A45" box="[1256,1363,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. neleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(± 49 µm). The prostate stylet
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D4886CFFA9FF54FE49E175FE6D0A1D" box="[439,490,1354,1380]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III of this species is very different from that of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FBADE174FB5D0A1D" box="[1107,1242,1355,1380]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FBADE174FB5D0A1D" box="[1107,1242,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D4DFFA9FF54FAEDE174FAFB0A1D" box="[1299,1404,1355,1380]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Paraustrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="neleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FAEDE174FAFB0A1D" box="[1299,1404,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. neleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the arms broaden evenly towards their distal ends, giving them the shapes of broad plates (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B3FFFA9FF54FB08E14DFF620ACD" author="Willems" pageId="10" pageNumber="27" refString="Willems, W., Schockaert, E. & Artois, T. (2006 b) Report on the Polycystididae (Kalyptorhynchia, Rhabdocoela) from Australia, with the description of 12 new species and 6 new genera. Hydrobiologia, 563, 329 - 355." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Willems
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FA9EE14CFA1C0AF5" box="[1376,1435,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This stylet is a bit larger (± 37 µm long) than it is in
|
||
<emphasis id="B91BEADCFFA9FF54FC9EE1A4FC420ACD" box="[864,965,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. n e l e a e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |