118 lines
16 KiB
XML
118 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="990AB2D0674EC256EDDC870F6E7AF2C0" ID-CLB-Dataset="22635" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.31.170" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09feb5cb-d61b-4d34-89cc-9cd790095da4" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576592" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1587999379877" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Masseti, Marco" docDate="2009" docId="03C6878C4851FFFAA99AFF17DD283D41" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2126.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 31 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3e7940b3" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Lutra lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="FFFFFFF4485AFFF1A916FFB1DC5E3939" masterDocTitle="Carnivores of Syria" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="229" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1698836977943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC8B62444A247997C449D04C8AC075FC">
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<mods:title id="1D7A346BF4C5DE07CA64118A143EB68F">Carnivores of Syria</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3639236961D1303F31293CE1C18AB0F8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C55003932500FFBAF91A57C8CB2610DE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D11E32ADD5E42208FE6CC80C73C2C253">Masseti, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE800A9DD3BFEC737330F4BB014DFE75">Università di Firenze, Firenze ,, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DE51D2974F222697A1802F26FBE59D5C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="49981B85290983D5F78A0CF61BDE3CA4">
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<mods:date id="0CFDC97ABE102E971EDBEBF01F6CF0C4">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0B1615D1E54F8EE8645A920E89DF2036">2009-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="65BC5FCB099BD164C93D39033F3B257C">31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A7465A29F994C49A2A6D02FAA1829C75">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E78C8F4AFEE3D51E865FE9AA474E8666">229</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="811DF7DCED990C1AC87E411C7C16C4B3" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.31.170</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="44A910087E6AC522E46D0713CA20F376" type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C6878C4851FFFAA99AFF17DD283D41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3789976" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163755020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3789976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6878C4851FFFAA99AFF17DD283D41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6878C4851FFFAA99AFF17DD283D41" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">
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<subSubSection id="C37565114851FFFAA99AFF17DE6B39F9" box="[140,565,166,193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD0369A4851FFFAA99AFF17DE6B39F9" blockId="11.[140,565,166,228]" box="[140,565,166,193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">
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<heading id="D09881F64851FFFAA99AFF17DE6B39F9" box="[140,565,166,193]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B91BEA884851FFFAA99AFF17DE6B39F9" bold="true" box="[140,565,166,193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">
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Otter,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D194851FFFAA9CCFF16DE6B39F9" ID-CoL="72PQL" authority="lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="lutra (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[218,565,166,193]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutra">
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<emphasis id="B91BEA884851FFFAA9CCFF16DD3F39F8" bold="true" box="[218,353,166,193]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Lutra lutra</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37565114851FFFAA99AFF7BDD283D41" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD0369A4851FFFAA99AFF7BDC9339DD" blockId="11.[140,565,166,228]" box="[140,205,202,228]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">
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<figureCitation id="13542A1F4851FFFAA99AFF7BDC9339DD" box="[140,205,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[139,211,994,1016]" captionTargetBox="[139,1107,165,974]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[140,1107,165,971]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. • Otter, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758); · Egyptian mongoose or ichneumon, Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770386/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD0369A4851FFFAA99AFEA0DD0C3A21" blockId="11.[140,1108,272,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">
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Two stuffed specimens (one adult and one subadult), captured in the surroundings, were examined in the Basamfasal collection (cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAABADFE82DF043877" author="Masseti M" box="[699,858,307,334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" refId="ref8953" refString="Masseti M (2001) A lost collection of bird and mammals from Northern Syria (1989 - 1994). 13 th International Conference of the Society for the History of Natural History " Lost, stolen and strayed. The fate of missing natural history collections ". 10 - 11 Maggio 2001. Naturalis, The National Museum of Natural History, Leiden (Olanda). Abstract book: 22." type="proceedings" year="2001">Masseti 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAAA71FE85DFF63877" author="Masseti M" box="[871,936,308,334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="139 - 148" refId="ref9124" refString="Masseti M (2004) Artiodactyls of Syria. Zoology in the Middle East, 33: 139 - 148." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
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). According to Abu Rabieh (1994, pers. comm.), there were numerous specimens in the Euphrates from
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<collectingRegion id="49ABF8784851FFFAA9DBFECBDD0938AD" box="[205,343,378,404]" country="Syria" name="Dayr az Zawr" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Deir ez-Zor</collectingRegion>
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up to Abu Kamal (at the Iraqi border), Al Mayaddin and Doura Europos, but not in the north-westernmost area of
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<collectingRegion id="49ABF8784851FFFAABE5FE2FDF1E3881" box="[755,832,414,440]" country="Syria" name="Ar Raqqah" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Raqqa</collectingRegion>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAAA58FE2CD874388E" author="Kock D & Krupp F & Schneider W" box="[846,1066,413,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="177 - 183" refId="ref8264" refString="Kock D, Krupp F, Schneider W (1994) Einige Saugetiere aus dem Nahr al-Khabur-Gebiet, NE-Syrien. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 35 (4): 177 - 183." type="journal article" year="1994">Kock et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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reported the occurrence of this species from the Khabur valley, in north-eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAAD05FE71D80E38E3" box="[1043,1104,448,474]" name="Syria" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Syria</collectingCountry>
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. Additional data on the distribution of the species in eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAAA7FFE52DFFC38C4" box="[873,930,483,509]" name="Syria" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Syria</collectingCountry>
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were collected during a biological expedition organised
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<emphasis id="B91BEA884851FFFAAB7EFDB6DE8E3B18" box="[616,720,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">inter alia</emphasis>
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by the National Museum (Natural History) of Prague in the period
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<date id="FFD1105A4851FFFAAB23FD9BDF733B7D" box="[565,813,554,580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" value="1998-06-11" valueMax="1998-07-07" valueMin="1998-06-11">11 June–7 July 1998</date>
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. The occurrence of otters was confirmed from an island in the Euphrates at Doura Europos, from the site of Halabiyyeh and from Tell Sheikh, along the river Khabur, all sites in the district of Deir-ez-Zor (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAA831FD22DDA23B97" author="Uhrin M & Benda P & Andreas M" box="[295,508,659,686]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="53 - 54" refId="ref10083" refString="Uhrin M, Benda P, Andreas M (2000) Sprava o vyskyte vydry riecnej (Lutra lutra) v Syrii (Report on the occurrence of the Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra, in Syria). Vydra, 9 - 10: 53 - 54." type="journal article" year="2000">Uhrin et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). Data collected between
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<date id="FFD1105A4851FFFAAA3FFD25DF803B97" box="[809,990,659,686]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" value="1989" valueMax="1998">1989 and 1998</date>
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appear to indicate that a considerable population of otters is still present in this portion of eastern
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAA9F1FD6BDD7A3BCD" box="[231,292,730,756]" name="Syria" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Syria</collectingCountry>
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, comprised between the Euphrates, its tributary the Khabur and the border with
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAA80AFD4FDD113A21" box="[284,335,766,792]" name="Iraq" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD0369A4851FFFAA9AFFC91DD283D41" blockId="11.[140,1108,272,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">
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The carnivore is reported from the
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAAB66FC90DEAD3A03" box="[624,755,800,827]" name="West Bank" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">West Bank</collectingCountry>
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and northern
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAAABBFC91D8463A03" box="[941,1048,800,826]" name="Lebanon" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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, and recent evidence is in favour of its presence in the western
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<collectingRegion id="49ABF8784851FFFAAA29FCF2DFDB3A64" box="[831,901,835,861]" country="Lebanon" name="Beqaa" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Bekaa</collectingRegion>
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valley and in the river Litani (Mounir R.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAA8B2FCD6DE0C3AB8" author="Abi-Said MR & Abi-Said DM & Sadek R" box="[420,594,871,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="20 - 23" refId="ref6583" refString="Abi-Said MR, Abi-Said DM, Sadek R (2008) Distribution of the striped hyaena, Hyaena hyaena syriaca Matius, 1882 (Carnivora: Hyaenidae) in urban and rural areas of Lebanon. In: Programme and abstracts of the Fisrt International Congress " Documenting, Analysing and Managing Biodiversity in the Middle East " (Aqaba, 20 - 23 October 2008). Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Museum / University of Jordan / Marine Science Station Aqaba. Jordan University Press, Amman: 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Abi-Said 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: pers. comm.). In neighbouring
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAAADAFCD6D8553AB8" box="[972,1035,871,897]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Israel</collectingCountry>
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otters are present in aquatic habitats and fishponds in the Hula Valley, in the northern
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<collectingCountry id="F378760A4851FFFAA99AFC1CDC853AFE" box="[140,219,941,967]" name="Jordan" pageId="11" pageNumber="240">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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River catchments and the Harod Valley (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAABD8FC1CDFFB3AFE" author="Dolev A & Guter A & Saltz D & Kronfeld-Schor N" box="[718,933,941,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref7526" refString="Dolev A, Guter A, Saltz D, Kronfeld-Schor N (2006) Israel's otter (Lutra lutra) population, status and future conservation. In: Conroy JWH, Yoxon G, Gutleb AC, Ruiz-Olmo J (Eds): The return of the otter in Europe - where and how? Sabhal Mor Ostaig, Isle of Skye (30 June- 5 July 2003). International Otter Survival Fund, Broadford, Isle of Skye (Scotland): 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="2006">Dolev et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAAAA5FC1FDC933AD3" author="Ben Ari Y & Nrakiss T & Kronfeld-Schor N & Bar-Gal GK & Saltz D & Dolev A" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="20 - 23" refId="ref7045" refString="Ben Ari Y, Nrakiss T, Kronfeld-Schor N, Bar-Gal GK, Saltz D, Dolev A (2008) The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in the Southern Levant. In: Programme and abstracts of the First International Congress " Documenting, Analysing and Managing Biodiversity in the Middle East " (Aqaba, 20 - 23 October 2008). Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Museum / University of Jordan / Marine Science Station Aqaba. Jordan University Press, Amman: 52." type="journal article" year="2008">Ben Ari et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAA9F4FC61DDEE3AD2" author="Guter A & Dolev A & Saltz D & Kronfeld-Schor N" box="[226,432,976,1003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="199 - 207" refId="ref7783" refString="Guter A, Dolev A, Saltz D, Kronfeld-Schor N (2005) Temporal and spatial influences on road mortality in otters: conservation implications. Israel Journal of Zoology, 51: 199 - 207." type="journal article" year="2005">Guter et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAA8AAFC61DED23AD3" author="Guter A & Dolev A & Saltz D & Kronfeld-Schor N" box="[444,652,976,1003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="462 - 465" refId="ref7821" refString="Guter A, Dolev A, Saltz D, Kronfeld-Schor N (2008) Using videotaping to validate the use of spraints as an index of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) activity. Ecological Indicators, 8: 462 - 465." type="journal article" year="2008">Guter et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). A single record from the Zvulun Valley and Carmel coastal area in 2000 suggests the existence of a remnant population along the coast, which may have become extinct (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAABF1FBA6DF9D3D0B" author="Dolev A & Guter A & Saltz D & Kronfeld-Schor N" box="[743,963,1047,1074]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref7526" refString="Dolev A, Guter A, Saltz D, Kronfeld-Schor N (2006) Israel's otter (Lutra lutra) population, status and future conservation. In: Conroy JWH, Yoxon G, Gutleb AC, Ruiz-Olmo J (Eds): The return of the otter in Europe - where and how? Sabhal Mor Ostaig, Isle of Skye (30 June- 5 July 2003). International Otter Survival Fund, Broadford, Isle of Skye (Scotland): 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="2006">Dolev et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). New findings have indicated previously undocumented otter activity in the Golan Heights (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B6B4851FFFAA982FBECDD373D41" author="Dolev A & Guter A & Saltz D & Kronfeld-Schor N" box="[148,361,1117,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref7526" refString="Dolev A, Guter A, Saltz D, Kronfeld-Schor N (2006) Israel's otter (Lutra lutra) population, status and future conservation. In: Conroy JWH, Yoxon G, Gutleb AC, Ruiz-Olmo J (Eds): The return of the otter in Europe - where and how? Sabhal Mor Ostaig, Isle of Skye (30 June- 5 July 2003). International Otter Survival Fund, Broadford, Isle of Skye (Scotland): 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="2006">Dolev et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |