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<document id="E739F1BA93F1441A59B181230FD4F901" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2011n3a4" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547017" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613606754513" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude, Trape, Jean François, David, Patrick, Ohler, Annemarie, Dubois, Alain &amp; Glitho, Isabelle Adolé" docDate="2011" docId="03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.33.3.325-360.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B.6:Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Bitis rhinoceros" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="352" masterDocId="FF8E8436C03D6E71FFEDFF816F6AE04F" masterDocTitle="The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems" masterLastPageNumber="360" masterPageNumber="325" pageNumber="352" updateTime="1698873147243" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="503E4F1572AFC1B204BA89B58CFE4D07" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E1E8D38E4037C587F837D7E919B14431">
<mods:title id="9B67EB1925853D7E1563A0902835C745">The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8552A651DB762687CDD31E3F00375875" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6AD922A8BB903AAB778458857F1B1E8A">
<mods:roleTerm id="0579C54B50AF1A24CD49923E16B0BB4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C944E2342699CED0453C6ABB8FEB6B0A">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="955E8D37F0141291EF58498B48E78CE5">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) h _ segniagbeto @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B2332D8E4B4E90FC21DEA80692A283AE">Trape, Jean François</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="364511531329487431AD6B283E5EF732">Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie médicale, UR 77, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de Dakar, BP 1386, Dakar (Senegal) jean-françois. trape @ ird. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="908D199DF764656FC7F7184F6EDA0B43" type="email">trape@ird.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="D489EA059C975E09CF23201AF3E06E82">
<mods:roleTerm id="5E440826D2996D965329BB5A7D5A475D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1FB7B40F203DD05317E9FAE21F97FA02">David, Patrick</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="061E47B11DF9F6A3625312101E669517" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3DB5DCDAD8D98F471521CFBE4F0C6FD4">
<mods:roleTerm id="0543476329A7F981453FE1F7EF333EF0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C8A89229E035847499E7EEF92393845D">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FAA3B25AFD3C2FF3EB5DAD206444C13B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="256F52D866541B67467AF59E21F58DBF">
<mods:roleTerm id="50F14FB198E40F955662A8215C83BEF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C86B7F0E2359854391D17D5B8B00EB3">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="61C2F2498BE6F38DEEFAA449DFE64DD7">UMR 7205 OSEB, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Département de Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CP 30, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) pdavid @ mnhn. fr ohler @ mnhn. fr adubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="149CEF603D71B30CE7DF13389A4E05FF" type="email">pdavid@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="73E7995E57A00F2E485E89FC98CE2B5B">
<mods:roleTerm id="E8D78C460E63A13FD7D9160B8C48FB7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6D1AF9667EA16A9FAA7CC8056F2582E4">Glitho, Isabelle Adolé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B19F964913AA24D164FA8566F89E939D">Département de Zoologie et Biologie animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) iglitho @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5D20ABE2B8AC9B4BEB0A32DD25C8F015" type="email">iglitho@yahoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="378CE0E2B9BCF1563AFE39701A6AEC80">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F99C2C832E1D242A01D5A1D0AB3C279F">
<mods:date id="880690AC3F402FF7FFF43CAA352BB752">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DD939E6923B4D0C3326FDD8D5A40817C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4BD5893EF5BD2CAAAB7857D9406E4186">2011-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E7E1AA926A97D6BA9E9108F3436E8BB3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="871ED0CC725BBFC77747A372AE8C0CCF">33</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="314021D1CD7BC4A82905AE09AB7259D3">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B36B9D2ED5987E42B898B48FAAC133BB">325</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5F8881D21E772493D66FE8FAB72FB002">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="C7748CC81850F8F796AEC7483CCAD268">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D2F2938442E06DCD13A8E3766F4517CE" type="DOI">10.5252/z2011n3a4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D0571CFC5FE66B1E468CBD541560A962" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E3DC5F2E75E854EE728E44D8449C590A" type="Zenodo-Dep">4547017</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547236" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4547236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342" lastPageNumber="352" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0266E6AFF20FB2F6D40E486" box="[205,554,1197,1225]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFF20FB2F6D40E486" blockId="27.[205,554,1197,1257]" box="[205,554,1197,1225]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">
<heading id="D0E9FA34C0266E6AFF20FB2F6D40E486" box="[205,554,1197,1225]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFF20FB2F6D40E486" authority="(Schlegel, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[205,554,1197,1225]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFF20FB2F6E1EE487" bold="true" box="[205,372,1197,1224]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis rhinoceros</emphasis>
(Schlegel, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0266E6AFEA0FB4F6EC1E4A6" box="[333,427,1230,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFEA0FB4F6EC1E4A6" blockId="27.[205,554,1197,1257]" box="[333,427,1230,1257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">
(
<figureCitation id="132551DDC0266E6AFEB8FB4F6EC8E4A6" box="[341,418,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[113,124,664,681]" captionTargetBox="[113,646,215,622]" captionTargetId="figure-610@27.[113,646,214,622]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 11. — Bitis rhinoceros (Schlegel,1855),Yo (Agome Yo).Photo by G. Segniagbeto." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4547050/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0266E6AFF9CFA916E19E600" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFF9CFA916E1EE588" blockId="27.[111,649,1296,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">
<materialsCitation id="3B764705C0266E6AFF9CFA916E1AE588" accessionNumber="ZMB 19562, ZMB 22007, ZMB 22006" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" location="South" municipality="Agave" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" specimenCode="MRAC 62412, MRAC 29454, MRAC 29456, MRAC 29741" specimenCount="13">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
<specimenCount id="9D1886D1C0266E6AFE83FA916E98E567" box="[366,498,1296,1320]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0FD59DC0266E6AFDECFA916D53E567" box="[513,569,1296,1320]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
19562,
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFF9EFAAA6FDAE50C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFF9EFAAA6FDAE50C" box="[115,176,1323,1347]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="South" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">South</location>
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0266E6AFF55FAAA6F85E50C" box="[184,239,1323,1347]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Togo</collectingCountry>
;
<collectionCode id="ED0FD59DC0266E6AFF11FAAA6E5FE50C" box="[252,309,1323,1347]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
22007,
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0266E6AFE7CFAAA6D41E50C" box="[401,555,1323,1347]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">MRAC 62412</specimenCode>
, “
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0266E6AFDACFAAA6D10E50C" box="[577,634,1323,1347]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Togo</collectingCountry>
”, no precise locality;
<collectionCode id="ED0FD59DC0266E6AFED5FAC46E05E512" box="[312,367,1349,1373]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
22006,
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFE2BFAC46D59E512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFE2BFAC46D59E512" box="[454,563,1349,1373]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="Missahohe" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Missahohe</location>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0266E6AFDD2FAC46FD8E537" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">MRAC 29454</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0266E6AFF57FAE16E29E537" box="[186,323,1376,1400]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">MRAC 29456</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFEA6FAE16EE0E537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFEA6FAE16EE0E537" box="[331,394,1376,1400]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="Badou" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Badou</location>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB8E523C0266E6AFE7FFAE16D71E537" box="[402,539,1376,1400]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="Museum">MRAC 29741</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFDCEFAE16DEFE537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFDCEFAE16DEFE537" box="[547,645,1376,1400]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="Atakpame" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Atakpame</location>
; GHS-W 0224,
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFF13FAFB6E0EE5DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFF13FAFB6E0EE5DD" box="[254,356,1402,1426]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="Diguingue" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Diguingue</location>
; GHS-W 1285, GHS-W 1290, GHS-Togo 80,
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFEE7FA156E48E5E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFEE7FA156E48E5E3" box="[266,290,1428,1452]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="Yo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Yo</location>
[
<location id="8EC11B83C0266E6AFEC3FA156EF1E5E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B7FC4EC0266E6AFF20FB2F6C87E342:8EC11B83C0266E6AFEC3FA156EF1E5E3" box="[302,411,1428,1452]" country="Togo" county="Agbanon" municipality="Agave" name="Agome Yo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Agome Yo</location>
]; GHS-W 1293,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC5D722C0266E6AFDA9FA156DEBE5E3" box="[580,641,1428,1452]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Agave</collectingMunicipality>
; GHS-Togo 35,
<collectingCounty id="62C035D4C0266E6AFEE6FA2E6E03E588" box="[267,361,1455,1479]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Agbanon</collectingCounty>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFF9CFA696E19E600" blockId="27.[112,649,1512,1615]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">
MORPHOLOGY. — TL from
<quantity id="4CE6E0BDC0266E6AFE78FA696D57E64F" box="[405,573,1512,1536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="7.25" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" unit="mm" value="495.0" valueMax="725.0" valueMin="265.0">265 to 725 mm</quantity>
; 36-40 MSR, keeled; 130-145 Ven, smooth; 18-27 Sc, paired; anal single; 14-15 supralabials; 18-19 scales surrounding the eye; 16-17 infralabials.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0266E6AFF9CF9F06D37E6EC" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFF9CF9F06D37E6EC" blockId="27.[112,648,1649,1699]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">DISTRIBUTION. — This species is mostly found in forest. It has been recorded only in ER IV of the country.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0266E6AFD48FF596D95E0BE" box="[677,767,216,243]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFD48FF596D95E0BE" blockId="27.[675,1212,216,781]" box="[677,767,216,243]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">REMARK</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3041ED3C0266E6AFD48FF796C87E342" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA14D58C0266E6AFD48FF796C87E342" blockId="27.[675,1212,216,781]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFD48FF796C2BE15E" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[677,833,247,273]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFD48FF796C2BE15E" box="[677,833,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis rhinoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was long regarded as a synonym or a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFCAAFE996C3FE11D" authority="(Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFCAAFE996CBDE17E" box="[839,983,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis gabonica</emphasis>
(Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854)
</taxonomicName>
. Both taxa were separated at the species level by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFCB6FED66B42E13D" author="LENK P. &amp; HERRMANN H-W. &amp; JOGER U." box="[859,1064,342,370]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref27879" refString="LENK P., HERRMANN H-W. &amp; JOGER U. 1999. - Phylogeny and taxonomic subdivision of Bitis (Reptilia: Viperidae) based on molecular evidence, in U. JOGER (ed.), Phylogeny and systematics of Viperidae. Kaupia 8: 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">
Lenk
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFC76FED66CB9E13F" box="[923,979,342,368]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of molecular analyses.
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFC49FEF66B51E1DF" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[932,1083,374,400]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFC49FEF66B51E1DF" box="[932,1083,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis gabonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has largely been mentioned from forested areas of
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0266E6AFB8DFE176BF2E1FE" box="[1120,1176,406,433]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFD4BFE376C0BE19E" author="STERNFELD L." box="[678,865,438,465]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" pagination="207 - 236" refId="ref29004" refString="STERNFELD L. 1908 b. - Die Schlangenfauna Togos. Mittheilungen Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 4: 207 - 236." type="journal article" year="1908">Sternfeld (1908b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFC80FE376CB9E19E" author="STERNFELD L." box="[877,979,438,465]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" refId="ref29026" refString="STERNFELD L. 1909. - Die Schlangen Togos, in Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien 1 (1): iv + 29 p., map." type="book" year="1909">1909: 25</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFC05FE376C58E1BF" author="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; VERHEYEN W. N." pageId="27" pageNumber="352" pagination="200 - 204" refId="ref27452" refString="HULSELMANS J. L. J. &amp; VERHEYEN W. N. 1970. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo: Liste preliminaire des serpents recoltes par la deuxieme mission zoologique belge au Togo. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique africaines 82 (1 - 2): 200 - 204." type="journal article" year="1970">Hulselmans &amp; Verheyen (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, Hulselmans
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFC51FE576C87E1A0" box="[956,1005,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
(1970),
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFBA8FE546C5DE25F" author="HARDING K. A. &amp; WELCH K. R. G." pageId="27" pageNumber="352" refId="ref27088" refString="HARDING K. A. &amp; WELCH K. R. G. 1980. - Venomous Snakes of the World. A checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, x + 188 p." type="book" year="1980">Harding &amp; Welch (1980)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFCADFE746CB7E25F" author="ROMAN B." box="[832,989,501,528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" refId="ref28669" refString="ROMAN B. 1984. - Serpents des Pays de l'Entente. C. N. R. S. T., Ouagadougou, 45 p." type="book" year="1984">Roman (1984)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFC0AFE746BDFE25F" author="RASMUSSEN J. B." box="[999,1205,501,528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" pagination="55 - 63" refId="ref28509" refString="RASMUSSEN J. B. 1995 c. - Afrikanske slanger (6). Bitis gabonica. Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 38 (2): 55 - 63." type="journal article" year="1995">Rasmussen (1995c)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFD4EFD946CA8E27F" author="SPAWLS S. &amp; BRANCH B." box="[675,962,533,560]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" refId="ref28945" refString="SPAWLS S. &amp; BRANCH B. 1995. - The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Natural History. Species Directory. Venoms and Snakebite. Blanford, London, 192 p." type="book" year="1995">Spawls &amp; Branch (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFBEDFD946D9FE200" author="DAVID P. &amp; INEICH I." pageId="27" pageNumber="352" pagination="3 - 499" refId="ref26760" refString="DAVID P. &amp; INEICH I. 1999. - Les serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia 3: 3 - 499." type="journal article" year="1999">David &amp; Ineich (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFCEFFDB56CAFE200" author="DORANDEU F." box="[770,965,564,591]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" pagination="293 - 306" refId="ref26787" refString="DORANDEU F. 1991. - Les grandes viperes africaines du genre Bitis Gray, 1842 et leur venin. Apercus zoologique, biochimique et clinique. Medecine tropicale 51 (3): 293 - 306." type="journal article" year="1991">Dorandeu (1991)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned this taxon as
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFD52FDD46CD7E221" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[703,957,596,622]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gabonica" subSpecies="rhinoceros">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFD52FDD46CD7E221" box="[703,957,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis gabonica rhinoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All specimens of “
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFB66FDD46C6BE2C1" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron &amp; Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabonica">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFB66FDD46C6BE2C1" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis gabonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0266E6AFCBFFDF56CE3E2C0" box="[850,905,628,655]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Togo</collectingCountry>
examined by us are indeed referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFCC1FD156CA5E2E2" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[812,975,659,685]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFCC1FD156CA5E2E2" box="[812,975,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis rhinoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the basis of the ranges of both species given in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F30A9C0266E6AFC15FD326BDDE281" author="CHIPPAUX J. - P." box="[1016,1207,691,718]" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" refId="ref26729" refString="CHIPPAUX J. - P. 2006. - Les serpents d'Afrique Occidentale et Centrale. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales, Paris, IRD Editions 35: 311 p." type="book" year="2006">Chippaux (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, we believe that all literature mentions from
<collectingCountry id="F3090DC8C0266E6AFB6EFD526BD0E2A1" box="[1155,1210,723,750]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Togo</collectingCountry>
refer indeed to
<taxonomicName id="4C1E36DBC0266E6AFCA4FD726C8CE343" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[841,998,754,780]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhinoceros">
<emphasis id="B96A914AC0266E6AFCA4FD726C8CE343" box="[841,998,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="352">Bitis rhinoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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