489 lines
60 KiB
XML
489 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<treatment id="03EC879FFF85FFFAA875AFF0FA8D16FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909421" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209589372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7909421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879FFF85FFFAA875AFF0FA8D16FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879FFF85FFFAA875AFF0FA8D16FE" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA875AFF0FF7914F1" ID-CoL="93NWC" ID-ENA="127292" authority="Hübner, 1819" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[122,210,1163,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA875AFF0FF7914F1" box="[122,210,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megisto</emphasis>
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clade
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The
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA8A6AFAEFF5D14BD" box="[169,246,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">‘Megisto</emphasis>
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clade’ currently comprises 10 genera,
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA8EAFAFFD6C14BD" box="[641,711,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megisto</emphasis>
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(with 2 species),
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA8EBAF8CFEC5155E" box="[228,366,1271,1291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
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(5 species, in addition to ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA7FAF8CFD51155E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[624,762,1271,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA7FAF8CFD51155E" box="[624,762,1271,1291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA875AE62FF7D1578" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder & R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[122,214,1305,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innocentia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA875AE62FF7D1578" box="[122,214,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">innocentia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA92EAE62FE201578" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[289,395,1305,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA92EAE62FE201578" box="[289,395,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA9D5AE62FDF31578" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[474,600,1305,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA9D5AE62FDF31578" box="[474,600,1305,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAAD6AE62FF031505" authorityName="Nakahara, Marin & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Graphita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAAD6AE62FF031505" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Graphita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA912AE47FE251505" authorityName="Zacca, Mielke & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2013" box="[285,398,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stegosatyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA912AE47FE251505" box="[285,398,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stegosatyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA0BAE47FDF21505" authorityName="Viloria & Murienne" authorityYear="2021" box="[516,601,1340,1360]" genus="Koutalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA0BAE47FDF21505" box="[516,601,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Koutalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAAC0AE47FCA91505" authorityName=", sensu Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[719,770,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAAC0AE47FCA91505" box="[719,770,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA8FFAE24FEED1526" authorityName="Ebert & Dias" authorityYear="1998" box="[240,326,1375,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Carminda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA8FFAE24FEED1526" box="[240,326,1375,1395]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carminda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA9BBAE24FE531526" authorityName="Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[436,504,1375,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vanima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA9BBAE24FE531526" box="[436,504,1375,1395]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vanima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3 species) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA86AE24FCAA1526" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[649,769,1375,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA86AE24FCAA1526" box="[649,769,1375,1395]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(21 species). The relationships between genera in our analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF85FFFAA871AEDFFF7215ED" box="[126,217,1444,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[122,218,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[399,1180,112,1785]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4 Phylogeny of the Megisto clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909401/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF85FFFAA8E6AEDFFF5D15ED" box="[233,246,1444,1464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</collectionCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF85FFFAA8F9AEDFFEAA15ED" box="[246,257,1444,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[122,218,1092,1111]" captionTargetBox="[155,1113,122,1050]" captionTargetId="graphics-415@6.[156,985,123,1051]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 Phylogeny of Euptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7968438/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF85FFFAA936AEDFFEED15ED" box="[313,326,1444,1464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S</collectionCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF85FFFAA949AEDFFEFA15ED" box="[326,337,1444,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[122,218,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[210,1466,123,1266]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Phylogeny of the Cyllopsis clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909399/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) match those of previous molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAA870AEBCFECE158E" author="Murray & Prowell" box="[127,357,1479,1499]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="67 - 80" part="34" refId="ref40211" refString="Murray, D. & Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80." title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Murray & Prowell, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAA97DAEBCFDB8158E" author="Pena" box="[370,531,1479,1499]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="243 - 258" part="39" refId="ref42528" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258." title="Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Peña et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are stable, with the exception of the placement of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA0EAE92FDFD15A8" authorityName="Viloria & Murienne" authorityYear="2021" box="[513,598,1513,1533]" genus="Koutalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA0EAE92FDFD15A8" box="[513,598,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Koutalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the best FULL tree
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA8A9AD77FF501675" authorityName="Viloria & Murienne" authorityYear="2021" box="[166,251,1548,1568]" genus="Koutalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA8A9AD77FF501675" box="[166,251,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Koutalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found as sister to the remainder of the clade, except
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA875AD54FF6B1616" box="[122,192,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megisto</emphasis>
|
||
, but is placed deeper within the clade as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA94AD54FD421616" authorityName="Nakahara, Marin & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" box="[667,745,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Graphita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA94AD54FD421616" box="[667,745,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Graphita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the second best FULL tree, and as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA72AD2AFD501630" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[637,763,1617,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA72AD2AFD501630" box="[637,763,1617,1637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA89FAD0FFEB116DD" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[144,282,1652,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA89FAD0FFEB116DD" box="[144,282,1652,1672]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the best 4GENES tree. This genus was not included in the backbone tree, and only COI sequences are available for the included samples, which likely explains the instability of this taxon. The recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA9ADADA7FDC816A5" box="[418,611,1756,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinyoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA9ADADA7FDC816A5" box="[418,611,1756,1776]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides kinyoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nakahara, Barbosa, Nakamura, et al., 2021) is found within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA8BAD84FD581746" box="[644,755,1791,1811]" genus="Yphthimoide" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA8BAD84FD581746" box="[644,755,1791,1811]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoide</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s, as expected, in the best FULL tree, but in the second best FULL tree and in the best two 4GENES trees it is placed as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAA9FAC3FFCAA170D" authorityName="Zacca, Mielke & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2013" box="[656,769,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stegosatyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAA9FAC3FFCAA170D" box="[656,769,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stegosatyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAA8B3AC1CFF45172E" authorityName=", sensu Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[188,238,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAA8B3AC1CFF45172E" box="[188,238,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This instability is likely also caused by its lack of very close relatives within the genus and only short COI sequences being available, but a placement within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC79AB04FB4510C6" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1142,1262,127,147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC79AB04FB4510C6" box="[1142,1262,127,147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also justified morphologically (Nakahara, Barbosa, Nakamura, et al., 2021).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF85FFFAAB55ABBFFA8D16FE" blockId="10.[818,1468,127,1707]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
It is estimated that the diversity of this clade will increase with the description of new species for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC78AB9CFB5810AE" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1143,1267,231,251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC78AB9CFB5810AE" box="[1143,1267,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD3DAB9CFA1210AE" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1330,1465,231,251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD3DAB9CFA1210AE" box="[1330,1465,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAB38AA72FC421148" author="Barbosa" box="[823,1001,265,285]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="107390" part="168" refId="ref34544" refString="Barbosa, E. P., Seraphim, N., Valencia, G., Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2022) Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 168, 107390." title="Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species" type="journal article" year="2022">Barbosa et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Freitas et al., in preparation) in forthcoming papers. Some recent papers provided generic taxonomic revisions and description of new taxa in this clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAC42AA34FB581136" author="Zacca" box="[1101,1267,335,355]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zacca" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="331 - 350" part="3682" refId="ref44646" refString="Zacca, T., Mielke, O. H. H., Pyrcz, T. W., Casagrande, M. M., Freitas, A. V. L. & Boyer, P. (2013) Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 3682, 331 - 350." title="Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Zacca et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD0EAA34FAC41136" authorityName="Zacca, Mielke & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2013" box="[1281,1391,335,355]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stegosatyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD0EAA34FAC41136" box="[1281,1391,335,355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stegosatyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Zacca, Casagrande, et al., 2018 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC2AAA0AFBFD11D0" authorityName=", sensu Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[1061,1110,369,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC2AAA0AFBFD11D0" box="[1061,1110,369,389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Zacca, Casagrande, Mielke, Huertas, Espeland, Freitas, et al., 2020 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC59AAEFFB3311FD" authorityName="Zacca, Casagrande & Mielke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1110,1176,404,424]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vanima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC59AAEFFB3311FD" box="[1110,1176,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vanima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAACA2AAEFFAC011FD" author="Barbosa" box="[1197,1387,404,424]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="577 - 589" part="15" refId="ref34706" refString="Barbosa, E. P., Silva, A. K., Paluch, M., Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2015) Uncovering the hidden diversity of the Neotropical butterfly genus Yphthimoides Forster (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): description of three new species based on morphological and molecular data. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 15, 577 - 589." title="Uncovering the hidden diversity of the Neotropical butterfly genus Yphthimoides Forster (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): description of three new species based on morphological and molecular data" type="journal article" year="2015">Barbosa et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD75AAEFFCC5119E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD75AAEFFCC5119E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAB71AACCFB84119E" author="Barbosa" box="[894,1071,439,459]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="87 - 98" part="2" refId="ref34412" refString="Barbosa, E., Marin, M., Giraldo, C. E., Uribe, S. & Freitas, A. (2016) Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ' renata clade. '. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2, 87 - 98." title="Description of two new species of the Neotropical genus Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the ' renata clade" type="journal article" year="2016">Barbosa et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC35AACCFB04119E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1082,1199,439,459]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC35AACCFB04119E" box="[1082,1199,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAACB1AACCFAC4119E" author="Barbosa" box="[1214,1391,439,459]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="128 - 142" part="4819" refId="ref34478" refString="Barbosa, E. P., Aguiar, T. M. C., Rosa, A. H. B., Zacca, T. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2020) A new species of butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the highlands of southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4819, 128 - 142." title="A new species of butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the highlands of southeastern Brazil" type="journal article" year="2020">Barbosa et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD75AACCFCC511B8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD75AACCFCC511B8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAB84AAA2FBF811B8" author="Freitas" box="[907,1107,473,493]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="521 - 541" part="3981" refId="ref37248" refString="Freitas, A. V. L., Barbosa, E. P., Siewert, R. R., Mielke, O. H. H., Zacca, T. & Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. (2015) Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3981, 521 - 541." title="Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil" type="journal article" year="2015">Freitas et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC66AAA2FB4E11B8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1129,1253,473,493]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC66AAA2FB4E11B8" box="[1129,1253,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; Nakahara, Barbosa, et al., 2016 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAABB8AA87FBA81245" authorityName="Nakahara, Marin & Barbosa" authorityYear="2016" box="[951,1027,508,528]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Graphita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAABB8AA87FBA81245" box="[951,1027,508,528]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Graphita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Nakahara, Barbosa, Nakamura, et al., 2021 [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB36A964FC051266" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[825,942,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB36A964FC051266" box="[825,942,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAABB0A964FB761266" author="Henao-Banol & Meneses" box="[959,1245,543,563]" firstAuthor="Henao-Banol" journalOrPublisher="Boletin Cientifico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural Universidad de Caldas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="173 - 183" part="21" refId="ref38273" refString="Henao-Banol, E. R. & Meneses, L. H. (2018) A new species of Pharneuptychia Forster, 1964 from the Estoraques natural area, north of Santan- der, Colombia (Leepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyridae). Boletin Cientifico. Centro de Museos. Museo de Historia Natural Universidad de Caldas, 21, 173 - 183." title="A new species of Pharneuptychia Forster, 1964 from the Estoraques natural area, north of Santan- der, Colombia (Leepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyridae)" type="journal article" year="2018">Henao-Bañol & Meneses, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAACE6A964FADB1266" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1257,1392,543,563]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAACE6A964FADB1266" box="[1257,1392,543,563]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAD8EA964FC311200" author="Zhang" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zhang" journalOrPublisher="The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 40" part="8" refId="ref44841" refString="Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Opler, P. A. & Grishin, N. V. (2020) Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 8, 1 - 40." title="Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names" type="journal article" year="2020">Zhang et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAABA8A93AFC731200" authorityName=", sensu Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[935,984,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAABA8A93AFC731200" box="[935,984,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
],
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAABE5A93AFB3A1200" author="Zhang" box="[1002,1169,577,597]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zhang" journalOrPublisher="The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 60" part="10" refId="ref44896" refString="Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Song, L., Gott, R. J., Boyer, P. et al. (2022) Taxonomic discoveries enabled by genomic analysis of butterflies. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 10, 1 - 60." title="Taxonomic discoveries enabled by genomic analysis of butterflies" type="journal article" year="2022">Zhang et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC92A93AFB651200" authorityName=", sensu Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[1181,1230,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC92A93AFB651200" box="[1181,1230,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAACEEA93AFA111200" author="Benmesbah" box="[1249,1466,577,597]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Benmesbah" journalOrPublisher="Anartia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="7 - 62" part="31" refId="ref34926" refString="Benmesbah, M., Viloria, A. L. & Murienne, J. (2021) Taxonomic notes on Euptychia modesta Butler, 1867, Neonympha alcinoe C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 and Euptychia pamela Hayward, 1957 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), with descriptions of three new genera, five new species and two new subspecies from central and South America. Anartia, 31, 7 - 62." title="Taxonomic notes on Euptychia modesta Butler, 1867, Neonympha alcinoe C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 and Euptychia pamela Hayward, 1957 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), with descriptions of three new genera, five new species and two new subspecies from central and South America" type="journal article" year="2021">Benmesbah et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB36A91FFC27122D" authorityName="Viloria & Murienne" authorityYear="2021" box="[825,908,612,632]" genus="Koutalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB36A91FFC27122D" box="[825,908,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Koutalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAABAAA91FFBC1122D" author="Barbosa" box="[933,1130,612,632]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="107390" part="168" refId="ref34544" refString="Barbosa, E. P., Seraphim, N., Valencia, G., Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2022) Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 168, 107390." title="Phylogenetic systematics of Yphthimoides Forster, 1964 and related taxa, with notes on the biogeographical history of Yphthimoides species" type="journal article" year="2022">Barbosa et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB3DA9FCFC0C12CE" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[818,935,647,667]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB3DA9FCFC0C12CE" box="[818,935,647,667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and relatives, and investigated the biogeography of the group. Possible synapomorphies and relatively distinctive characters for the clade include the following: (a) bifid distal region of the aedeagus, (b) saccus relatively short compared with other euptychiines; (c) lamella antevaginalis well developed (but somewhat variable,may be less developed in some species); (d) spiracle on the lateral plate of the 8th abdominal segment in females. Most of the species of the clade occur in Central and South America, except the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAACBCA802FA9513D8" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1203,1342,889,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAACBCA802FA9513D8" box="[1203,1342,889,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megisto cymela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB3DA8E7FC1013E5" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[818,955,924,944]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Megisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opalina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB3DA8E7FC1013E5" box="[818,955,924,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Megisto opalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several species of the clade (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAACE5A8E7FACD13E5" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1258,1382,924,944]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAACE5A8E7FACD13E5" box="[1258,1382,924,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD60A8E7FCF51386" authorityName="Zacca, Mielke & Pyrcz" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stegosatyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD60A8E7FCF51386" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stegosatyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB9CA8C4FBA31386" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[915,1032,959,979]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB9CA8C4FBA31386" box="[915,1032,959,979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are typical of montane natural grasslands in southern Brazil with remarkable examples including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD1CA89AFCF7144D" authorityName="Pyrcz, Boyer & Zacca" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stegosatyrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemiclara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD1CA89AFCF7144D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Stegosatyrus hemiclara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in high elevation grasslands in the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAB38AF5CFC7C146E" author="Zacca" box="[823,983,1063,1083]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zacca" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="331 - 350" part="3682" refId="ref44646" refString="Zacca, T., Mielke, O. H. H., Pyrcz, T. W., Casagrande, M. M., Freitas, A. V. L. & Boyer, P. (2013) Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 3682, 331 - 350." title="Stegosatyrus, a new genus of Euptychiina from the grasslands of neotropical realm (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Zacca et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC06AF5CFB3B146E" box="[1033,1168,1063,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Graphita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="griphe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC06AF5CFB3B146E" box="[1033,1168,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Graphita griphe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nakahara, Barbosa, et al., 2016) in the Andean cloud forests in Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Adults vary from small to medium size and most species are characterized by their dull brown coloration on the dorsal and ventral wings, except for the remarkable marbled ventral pattern of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB3DAFAFFC2D14BD" authorityName="Ebert & Dias" authorityYear="1998" box="[818,902,1236,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Carminda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB3DAFAFFC2D14BD" box="[818,902,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carminda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Adults of both sexes are commonly attracted to traps baited with rotting fruit.Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC6DAF8CFB75155E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1122,1246,1271,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC6DAF8CFB75155E" box="[1122,1246,1271,1291]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit territorial behaviour and two or more males may make a clicking noise when they fly together, produced by the callus on the forewing subcostal vein (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAD73AE47FC321526" author="Freitas" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="521 - 541" part="3981" refId="ref37248" refString="Freitas, A. V. L., Barbosa, E. P., Siewert, R. R., Mielke, O. H. H., Zacca, T. & Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. (2015) Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3981, 521 - 541." title="Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil" type="journal article" year="2015">Freitas et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Freitas, Rosa, et al., 2018;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAC98AE24FAE11526" author="Murillo-Hiller" box="[1175,1354,1375,1395]" firstAuthor="Murillo-Hiller" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="61 - 63" part="60" refId="ref40139" refString="Murillo-Hiller, L. R. (2006) A noise producing butterfly, Yphthimoides castrensis (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from South Brazil. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 60, 61 - 63." title="A noise producing butterfly, Yphthimoides castrensis (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from South Brazil" type="journal article" year="2006">Murillo-Hiller, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae feed on various genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC36AEFAFB2E15C0" box="[1081,1157,1409,1429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAACB3AEFAFA8D15C0" box="[1212,1318,1409,1429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAD39AEFAFA1F15C0" author="Ackery" box="[1334,1460,1409,1429]" firstAuthor="Ackery" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="95 - 203" part="33" refId="ref34168" refString="Ackery, P. R. (1988) Hostplants and classification: a review of nymphalid butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 33, 95 - 203." title="Hostplants and classification: a review of nymphalid butterflies" type="journal article" year="1988">Ackery, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAB3DAEDFFC5C15ED" author="Beccaloni" box="[818,1015,1444,1464]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beccaloni" journalOrPublisher="Monografias Tercer Milenio. Sociedad Entomologica´Aragonesa (SEA) / Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica (RIBES) / Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED) / Natural History Museum, London, U. K. (NHM) / Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Venezuela (IVIC), Zaragoza" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="536" refId="ref34786" refString="Beccaloni, G. W., Viloria, A. L., Hall, S. K. & Robinson, G. S. (2008) Catalogue of the hostplants of the Neotropical butterflies. Monografias Tercer Milenio. Sociedad Entomologica´Aragonesa (SEA) / Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica (RIBES) / Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED) / Natural History Museum, London, U. K. (NHM) / Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Venezuela (IVIC), Zaragoza, p. 536." title="Catalogue of the hostplants of the Neotropical butterflies" type="book chapter" year="2008">Beccaloni et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAC0CAEDFFB2C15ED" author="DeVries" box="[1027,1159,1444,1464]" firstAuthor="DeVries" journalOrPublisher="Princeton: Princeton University Press" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="288" refId="ref36253" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history: papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 288." title="The butterflies of Costa Rica and their natural history: papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae" type="book chapter" year="1987">DeVries, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAC9CAEDFFA9415ED" author="Freitas" box="[1171,1343,1444,1464]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="521 - 541" part="3981" refId="ref37248" refString="Freitas, A. V. L., Barbosa, E. P., Siewert, R. R., Mielke, O. H. H., Zacca, T. & Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. (2015) Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3981, 521 - 541." title="Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil" type="journal article" year="2015">Freitas et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Freitas, Barbosa, & Carreira, 2021; Freitas, Rosa, et al., 2018; Freitas, Rosa, & Kaminski, 2021;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAABC8AE92FB1815A8" accessDate="2022-01-01" author="Janzen & Hallwachs" box="[967,1203,1513,1533]" firstAuthor="Janzen" journalOrPublisher="Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica - caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths [WWW document]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso" refId="ref38713" refString="Janzen, D. H. & Hallwachs, W. (2022) Area de Conservacion´Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica - caterpillars, pupae, butterflies & moths [WWW document]. Available from: http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu / caterpillars / database. lasso [Accessed on 1 st January 2022]" title="Area de Conservacion" type="url" year="2022">Janzen & Hallwachs,2022</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Piovesan et al., 2022;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAD8EAE92FC3E1675" author="Singer" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Singer" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="101 - 119" part="79" refId="ref43076" refString="Singer, M. C., DeVries, P. J. & Ehrlich, P. R. (1983) The Cissia confusa species-group in Costa Rica and Trinidad (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79, 101 - 119." title="The Cissia confusa species-group in Costa Rica and Trinidad (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="1983">Singer et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the last instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAC6AAD77FB4A1675" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1125,1249,1548,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Moneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAC6AAD77FB4A1675" box="[1125,1249,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Moneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAACE5AD77FADA1675" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1258,1393,1548,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pharneuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAACE5AD77FADA1675" box="[1258,1393,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pharneuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAD75AD77FCC51616" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAD75AD77FCC51616" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAAB77AD54FC671616" authorityName="Ebert & Dias" authorityYear="1998" box="[888,972,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Carminda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAAB77AD54FC671616" box="[888,972,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carminda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF85FFFAABF4AD54FB861616" authorityName=", sensu Lamas" authorityYear="2004" box="[1019,1069,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF85FFFAABF4AD54FB861616" box="[1019,1069,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a common body pattern with thin longitudinal zigzag stripes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAC13AD2AFB4D1630" author="Barbosa" box="[1052,1254,1617,1637]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barbosa" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="537 - 557" part="4422" refId="ref34611" refString="Barbosa, E. P., Siewert, R. R., Mielke, O. H. H., Lamas, G., Willmott, K. R. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2018) Redescription of Yphthimoides patricia (Hayward, 1957), with taxonomic notes on the names Euptychia saltuensis Hayward, 1962 and Yphthimoides manasses (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 4422, 537 - 557." title="Redescription of Yphthimoides patricia (Hayward, 1957), with taxonomic notes on the names Euptychia saltuensis Hayward, 1962 and Yphthimoides manasses (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2018">Barbosa et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAACF8AD2AFA1F1630" author="Freitas" box="[1271,1460,1617,1637]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="521 - 541" part="3981" refId="ref37248" refString="Freitas, A. V. L., Barbosa, E. P., Siewert, R. R., Mielke, O. H. H., Zacca, T. & Azeredo-Espin, A. M. L. (2015) Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3981, 521 - 541." title="Four new species of Moneuptychia (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) from Brazil" type="journal article" year="2015">Freitas et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF85FFFAAB3DAD0FFC0416DD" author="Freitas" box="[818,943,1652,1672]" firstAuthor="Freitas" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="919 - 925" part="36" refId="ref36960" refString="Freitas, A. V. L. (2007) A new species of Moneuptychia Forster (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae, Euptychiina) from the highlands of southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 36, 919 - 925." title="A new species of Moneuptychia Forster (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae, Euptychiina) from the highlands of southeastern Brazil" type="journal article" year="2007">Freitas, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Freitas, Barbosa, & Carreira, 2021; Freitas, Kaminski, et al., 2012; Freitas,Rosa,et al., 2018; Freitas pers.obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |